Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diarrhea developed in five newborn rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) inoculated orally on the first day of life with the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis. Incubation period ranged from 2-5 days; virus particles were detected in stools in association with illness, and virus shedding lasted between 1 and 3 days. Virus derived from monkeys that developed illness following inoculation was infectious for other monkeys but did not induce diarrhea which could be associated temporally with virus shedding. Viral antigens were also detected in tissues of the grossly abnormal small intestine of an acutely-ill monkey. Serum antibody responses were demonstrated in two of the ill animals by complement-fixation and/or immunofluorescence.
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PMID:Induction of diarrhea in colostrum-deprived newborn rhesus monkeys with the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis. 81 34

In an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by consumption of home-grown raw vegetable sprouts contaminated by Bacillus cereus, victims developed symptoms after an incubation period of 6-15 hours. Four persons initially experienced nausea and vomiting, and this was followed in 3 cases by abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Bacteriologic investigation indicated that B. cereus on unsprouted seeds proliferated during germination in a commercially sold seed sprouting kit and reached levels in excess of 10(7) per gram. B. cereus isolated from the incriminated sprouts exhibited enterotoxigenic activity when tested by the ligated rabbit ileal loop technique, the dermal reaction in guinea pigs, and the rabbit skin capillary permeability test. The diversity of symptoms and incubation periods attributed to B. cereus requires analysis for this often overlooked organism whenever food-borne gastroenteritis is suspected.
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PMID:An outbreak of Bacillus cereus food poisoning resulting from contaminated vegetable sprouts. 82 Jan 92

Significant progress has been made toward determining the agents of acute, infectious, nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Two distinct types of viruses have been implicated. One of these, a particle about 27 nm in diameter, is involved in the acute epidemic form of the disease of short duration. The other, a 70-nm virus, is rarely involved in acute epidemic gastroenteritis, but it has been associated worldwide with infantile diarrhea and is responsible for a considerable proportion of all nonbacterial diarrheal illness in infants. Experiments with the 70-nm virus have induced disease in newborn piglets, calves, and rhesus monkeys. In addition, this human virus has been antigenically related to four other viruses, three of which cause gastroenteritis in their natural animal host.
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PMID:Nonbacterial gastroenteritis. 82 96

Sodium transport, mucosal structure, and epithelial enzymes were studied in piglets killed 10, 25, 40, 72, or 144 hr after infection with a standard dose of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Glucose-stimulated Na transport measured in short-circuited jejunal epithelium and suspensions of villous enterocytes became progressively more abnormal during the first 40 hr, but recovered completely by 144 hr. As Na transport deteriorated, jejunal mucosal villi shortened and crypts deepened; cells isolated from the villi became more crypt-like in their enzyme profile, with high levels of thymidine kinase and low levels of sucrase activity 40 hr after infection. At 40 hr, when diarrhea is severe, little if any virus has been found in the epithelium. Our data suggest that the relatively undifferentiated crypt type enterocytes on the villi constitute an important determinant of altered Na transport and diarrhea in this invasive viral enteritis.
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PMID:Transmissible gastroenteritis: sodium transport and the intestinal epithelium during the course of viral enteritis. 83 94

The aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora of the duodenum were studied in 10 infants with transient monosaccharide intolerance. 5 infants had protracted diarrhoea after an episode of acute gastroenteritis and 5 had acute gastroenteritis. The duration of monosaccharide intolerance ranged from 1 to 20 days. Serial intubations were performed on 8 infants. In 5 of 8 cases the bacterial flora were of a normal type at the first intubation at 0--4 days after the onset of monosaccharide intolerance. In 4 of those 5 patients there was an increase in bacterial count a few days later and anaerobes appeared. These findings are not consistent with the suggestion that monosaccharide intolerance is caused by abnormal bacteria in the upper small bowel.
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PMID:Duodenal bacterial flora in early stages of transient monosaccharide intolerance in infants. 84 2

Four gnotobiotic calves with intestinal lesions induced by third and fourth calf passages of virus of human infantile gastroenteritis were studied by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and by immunofluorescence. Calves, 25--72 hours old, were examined 0.5 hours, 3 hours, 7 hours, and 48 hours after the onset of diarrhea. Intestinal histology of infected calves was compared to that of two noninoculated gnotobiotic calves 48 and 72 hours old. The sequence of events in the small intestine was infection of the absorptive villous epithelial cells, replacement of the tall columnar villous epithelial cells with cuboidal and squamous cells, shortening of the villi, enlargement of reticular cells, lymphocytic infiltration of the villous lamina propria and repair.
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PMID:Intestinal lesions induced in gnotobiotic calves by the virus of human infantile gastroenteritis. 88 90

Authors present a prospective study upon 193 cases of acute gastroenteritis in infants 1 to 24 months of age, giving special attention to clinical evolution of the disease without any use of therapy of either antibiotics or other antidiarrheal agents. Data on epidemiology and etiology of this series are similar to those previously reported by other authors. Mean duration of diarrhea was 2,5 days, whereas mean hospital stay was 7,5 days. The number of cases of prolonged diarrhea was 13, from which six were cases of lactose intolerance, six were cases of cow's milk protein intolerance and one was a case of intractable diarrhea. The little use fulness of antibiotics in the treatment of acute diarrhea is commented and also a discussion is made of the different factors involved in the onset of the complications above mentioned.
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PMID:[Acute gastroenteritis. Clinical evolution without use of antibiotics (author's transl)]. 90 Jun 64

We have investigated small intestinal biopsies from children with coeliac disease, acute gastroenteritis, failure to thrive and giardiasis, to find out if a high intraepithelial lymphocyte count is a feature specific to coeliac disease, or whether it is always associated with partial or subtotal villous atrophy. The results indicate that the normal range for childrens' intraepithelial lymphocyte counts is similar to that for adults (around 6-40 lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells); that counts are high in coeliac disease, but also in some children with giardiasis or with failure to thrive in whom the jejunal biopsy appears otherwise normal; and that intraepithelial lymphocyte counts are normal in acute gastroenteritis even when there is partial villous atrophy with increased lamina propria lymphoid cell infiltrate. Thus, this measurement of small intestinal lymphocyte infiltration may be of diagnostic value is differentiating the diarrhoea of food intolerance from infectious diarrhoeas in young children.
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PMID:Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts in small intestinal biopsies from children with diarrhoea. 96 7

Large numbers of a reovirus-like agent were visualized with electron microscopy in bacteria-free gut homogenates obtained from piglets with a fatal diarrhea resembling transmissible gastroenteritis. The syndrome, of vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, and death, was reproduced in piglets artificially infected with these bacteria-free gut homogenates. Reovirus-like particles persisted in serial piglet passage and none was seen in uninfected, asymptomatic controls. Hyperimmune sera (made in recovered piglets) aggregated the reovirus-like particles, as judged by immunoelectron microscopy, and neutralized the infectious agent. The cytoplasm in enterocytes on infected intestinal epithelium fluoresced when this hyperimmune sera was used in an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Feeding cow colostrum or diets containing porcine gamma globulin protected infected piglets. No cytopathogenic effect was noted in infected tissue cultures, nor did this agent affect neonatal guinea pigs, hamsters, mice, and rats. The agent did not agglutinate human O or A erythrocytes.
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PMID:Reovirus-like agent associated with fatal diarrhea in neonatal pigs. 96 98

Virus shedding patterns of neonatal gnotobiotic piglets infected with the reovirus-like agent of human infantile gastroenteritis were studied. Fecal viral counts were highest before or at the onset of diarrhea. In diarrheic piglets, viral particles were usually observed for only 1-2 days after the onset of diarrhea, and total duration of shedding was 2-6 days. One infected piglet shed virus for 4 days but did not develop diarrhea. The presence of virus at or about the time of illness is consistent with the induction of diarrhea in piglets inoculated with the human reovirus-like agent.
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PMID:Patterns of shedding of human reovirus-like agent in gnotobiotic newborn piglets with experimentally-induced diarrhea. 101 Jul 12


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