Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Y1 adrenal cell tissue culture assay was used to detect heat-labile enterotoxin-like activity in the stools of 14 of 74 patients with diarrhea. A positive effect of the stool on the adrenal cells was heat-labile and neutralized by cholera antitoxin. Enterotoxin-like activity was detected in the stools of 10 of 30 patients with cholera and in those of 2 of 4 from whom heat-labile Escherichia coli were isolated. None of the stools from nine individuals with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, or Shigella infections were positive. Two of 31 individuals from whom no pathogens were isolated had detectable toxin-like activity in their stools. The Y1 adrenal cell assay provides a rapid method of diagnosing heat-labile enterotoxigenic diarrhea and could be an adjunct in epidemiological studies of gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Detection of heat-labile enterotoxin-like activity in stools of patients with cholera and Escherichia coli diarrhea. 34 14

In infants and children acute dehydration is mainly caused by gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhoea, and by feeding failures. Since in the German speaking literature very different therapeutic regimens for rehydration are discussed the principles of oral and parenteral treatment are described. The rational therapy is based on the knowledge of physiology and pathophysiology of water and electrolyte metabolism. Therefore a few basic aspects are described, i.e. compartments of body fluids, turnover rates, the balance, types of dehydration, concentration of electrolytes in body fluids and their relevance to dehydration. Special problems exist in the treatment of hypertonic dehydration. In order to avoid cerebral edema the rehydration should not be attempted quickly with very hypotonic salt solutions, but should be performed with a 1/2--1/3 isotonic Ringer-lactate solution and early begin of potassium substitution over a period of 48 h.
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PMID:[The treatment of acute dehydration (author's transl)]. 35 53

Eight cases of acute gastroenteritis, two caused by enteropathogenic "E. coli", with secondary cow's milk protein intolerance were studied. Diagnosis was established clinically and by means of intestinal biopsy, before and after a milk challenge. The role of acute gastroenteritis as a trigger of cow's milk protein intolerance and other factors contributing to the appearance of that complication are discussed. The mechanisms leading to intractable diarrhoea in a situation of prolonged gastroenteritis are also commented.
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PMID:[Intolerance to cow's milk protein. A complication of acute gastroenteritis (author's transl)]. 35 82

Of 82 children hospitalized with diarrhea in the Philippines during January-June 1976, 14 (17%) had infections due to a reovirus-like agent as determined by detection of viral particles in stools by electron microscopy (12 [15%] of 82) and/or by a rise in titer of antibody to the serologically related Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (eight [20%] of 39). Escherichia coli producing heat-labile enterotoxin were found in six (7%) of 82 ill children and two (4%) of 49 healthy control children, while E. coli producing heat-stable enterotoxin were isolated from three children with diarrhea and two without gastroenteritis. Thirty-eight percent of enterotoxigenic E. coli isolated from children with diarrhea, but only 6% of isolates from healthy control, were of serotypes similar to those of enterotoxigenic E. coli isolated in previous studies of these pathogens by other investigators in geographically diverse areas (serotypes O6:H16, O8:H9, and O78:H12) (P less than 0.05). Eight (10%) of the children had infections with multiple enteric pathogens.
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PMID:Reovirus-like agent and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in pediatric diarrhea in the Philippines. 35 25

Between December 1975 and June 1976, American military personnel with diarrhea who were seen at an outpatient clinic at Clark Air Force Base Hospital were investigated to determine the etiology of their disease. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were detected in 16% (18/115), rotavirus in 4% (4/111), salmonellae in 3% (3/115), shigellae in 2% (2/115) and Giardia lamblia in 2% (3/152) of patients with diarrhea. Thus from only 27% of the subjects studied were identifiable potential pathogenic agents found. The incidence of gastroenteritis increased in May and June with the increase in rainfall; however, there was no increase in the proportion of diarrhea caused by any of these identifiable enteric pathogens. Americans experienced a seasonal increase of diarrhea similar to that affecting the Philippine population in Manila. Enterotoxigenic E. coli was the most common identifiable enteric pathogen among Americans with diarrhea at Clark Air Force Base in the Philippines during the study, though even in these cases, it may not have been the agent responsible for their illness.
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PMID:Etiology of gastroenteritis among Americans living in the Philippines. 37 23

Escherichia coli that produce diarrhea can be divided into three groups: 1) enteropathogenic, 2) enterotoxigenic, and 3) enteroinvasive. The mechanism of disease production by enteropathogenic E. coli is unknown, but these strains are not presently known to be inherently pathogenic, although they may be important as a cause of gastroenteritis in infants. The two known mechanisms of disease production are elaboration of enterotoxin and mucosal invasion. Heat-labile toxin-producing E. coli are the main cause of diarrhea in travelers while heat-stable toxin-producing E. coli are a cause of scours among new-born swine and cattle. Enteroinvasive E. coli have not been shown to be an important cause of diarrhea in the United States. Enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, and enteroinvasive E. coli that currently are associated with diarrhea worldwide may each consist of relatively few serotypes different from those associated with out-breaks of diarrhea in the past. This implies a possible new role for sero-typing of E. coli.
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PMID:Gastroenteritis due to enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, and invasive Escherichia coli: A review. 38 89

Stool specimens from children with gastroenteritis and their household contacts were cultured for Yersinia enterocolitica by direct plating onto routine laboratory media. These stools were also inoculated into phosphate-buffered saline and subcultured to the same media after 1 day or 3 weeks of incubation at 4 degrees C. Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 174 index cases and 34 household contacts. One hundred eighty-one isolates were of serotype O:3, and the remaining 21 belonged to other serotypes. Eighty-one percent (147/181) of O:3 isolates were recovered by direct plating, and 6.1% (11/181) and 13% (23/181) were recovered by 1-day and 3-week cold enrichment, respectively. For other serotypes, 26% (7/27), 0%, and 74% (20/27) were isolated by direct plating, 1-day cold enrichment, and 3-week cold enrichment, respectively. The efficacy of the cold enrichment for the patients were still symptomatic, 94 and 6% of Y. enterocolitica were identified by direct plating and cold enrichment, respectively. Isolation rates were 66% by direct plating and 34% by cold enrichment when stools were obtained from asymptomatic carriers or from those convalescing from Y. enterocolitica gastroenteritis. These results indicate that the cold enrichment methods increase the sensitivity of Y. entercolitica culture methods considerably in convalescent and asymptomatic subjects but only minimally in patients with diarrhea caused by serotype O:3.
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PMID:Efficacy of cold enrichment techniques for recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica from human stools. 38 18

The peak rise in breath hydrogen and the volume of excess pulmonary excretion of hydrogen in response to a 10 g dose of the non-abosorbable disaccharide, lactulose, was significantly lower in children with active gastroenteritis and diarrhea than in nondiarrheal controls. Thus, despite the fact that the H2 breath test is a convenient, noninvasive technology for use in children, it cannot be recommended for measuring carbohydrate malabsorption in individuals with active, on-going episodes of diarrhea.
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PMID:H2 breath tests during diarrhea. 41 85

Chronic nonspecific diarrhea is a frequent cause of prolonged diarrhea in childhood. Typical diagnostic features include onset by 30 months of age, normal growth and development, and diarrhea lasting longer than two weeks. It usually follows a gastroenteritis or an acute infection and has been associated with a low intake of dietary fat. Five patients experienced this condition following dietary manipulation to prevent the occurrence of atheromatous coronary artery disease. This indicates that diminished dietary fat not only can prolong postinfectious diarrhea but can also induce a state of chronic diarrhea without evidence of malabsorption.
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PMID:Chronic nonspecific diarrhea. A complication of dietary fat restriction. 43 73

A coronarirus was seen in the faeces from 15 (4.2%) of 355 adults with diarrhoea and from 5 (5.2%) of 96 adults without diarrhoea. Similar particles were seen in the faeces from 5 (2.2%) of 227 children aged 1--14 years with gastroenteritis, but in none of those from 230 infants under one year of age with gastroenteritis. There was no evidence that the coronavirus was responsible for any of 34 outbreaks of gastroenteritis, although it possibly caused diarrhoea in patients admitted to a psycho-geriatric unit. Excretion of the virus often continued for many months. One strain was propagated in human embryo kidney monolayers and human embryo intestinal organ cultures, although serial passage could not be accomplished.
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PMID:The human enteric coronaviruses. 46 Dec 76


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