Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 3-day-old suckling pig with diarrhea was necropsied, and immunofluorescent microscopic examination of the small intestinal mucosa, together with immune electron microscopic examination of the large intestinal contents, provided a presumptive diagnosis of a concurrent infection with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus and porcine rotavirus. Immunofluorescent microscopic, immune electron microscopic, and serologic data obtained from gnotobiotic pigs experimentally inoculated with the large intestinal contents of the suckling pig confirmed this diagnosis. Two gnotobiotic pigs, convalescent from previous TGE viral infections, became infected with porcine rotavirus only. However, another gnotobiotic pig, convalescent from a previous porcine rotaviral infection, became infected with TGE virus only, following inoculation with the large intestinal contents of the suckling pig.
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PMID:Concurrent porcine rotaviral and transmissible gastroenteritis viral infections in a three-day-old conventional pig. 22 36

A survey for anaerobic bacteria was conducted in 314 clinical specimens from dogs and cats. A total of 187 anaerobic isolates in pure and mixed culture were isolated from 111 of the specimens that contained anaerobic bacteria. Common isolated included Actinomyces (9.1%), Clostridium perfringens (19.3%), other Clostridium spp (11.2%), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (7.5%), Bacteroides melaninogenicus (13.4%), other Bacteroides spp (17.6%), and Fusobacterium necrophorum (5.3%). Anaerobic bacteria were involved in serious lesions that often were life threatening to the animals. Antibiotic susceptibility data indicated that the lincomycin family, the penicillin family, chloramphenicol, and cephaloridine are preferred drugs for treatment of anaerobic infections. Data from the survey were used in formulation of a table to aid practitioners in clinical diagnosis of disease caused by anaerobes. Clostridium perfringens was isolated in large numbers from five of six dogs with a clinical diagnosis of canine hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and from one cat with hemorrhagic diarrhea. Experimental infections were induced in rats, using caine feces as inoculum. Induced lesions contained aerobic and anaerobic bacteria similar to those bacteria isolated in the clinical survey, indicating that feces may serve as a major source of these bacteria in clinical infections of the dog.
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PMID:Occurrence of anaerobic bacteria in diseases of the dog and cat. 22 39

Electron microscopy of 350 diarrhoeal faeces revealed Rotavirus-particles in 145 cases. All patients with Rotavirus-infections showed symptoms of acute gastroenteritis lasting 1 to 8 days. Additionally to diarrhoea most cases presented fever and vomiting. None of the patients showed toxicosis.
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PMID:[Rotavirus diarrhea in childhood]. 22 99

To explore the role of viruses in the etiology of diarrhea in colony-reared monkeys, direct electron microscopy, the fluorescent virus precipitin test and cell culture inoculation were used to examine the stools of monkeys with and without diarrhea. The animals were predominantly rhesus with a few macaques of other species, and included infants, juveniles and adults. Adenoviruses were isolated from a higher proportion of specimens from rhesus monkeys with diarrhea (73% of specimens from infants and 78% of specimens from juveniles and adults) than from control monkeys without diarrhea (22% of specimens from infants and 26% of specimens from juveniles and adults). SV 20 was the most frequently isolated simian adenovirus type; SV 17 and SV 32 also were recovered. Noncultivable adenoviruses detectable only by electron microscopy were not seen. Although adenovirus excretion was associated with diarrhea, the causal role of adenoviruses was difficult to assess. When serial specimens from animals with chronic or intermittent episodes of diarrhea were examined, sequential infections with different viruses were found to be common. Rotaviruses were detected by electron microscopy and isolated in cell cultures from two infant rhesus monkeys with diarrhea. However, the low detection rate, together with negative serologic data on 40% of infant monkeys with diarrhea, suggested that rotaviruses were not the major cause of gastroenteritis in the monkeys under study.
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PMID:Virus detection in monkeys with diarrhea: the association of adenoviruses with diarrhea and the possible role of rotaviruses. 22 40

There have been three recent outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in primary schools in Osaka prefecture caused by rotavirus: one in a school (TA) in April, 1974 and two in two other schools (TE and K) in May 1975. The morbidity from the disease was 2.4--15.8% for all age groups in the schools, and 20.1--34.1% for a certain age group. The disease lasted for 4 (K) to 14 days (TE). The first cases in schools TA and TE were followed by successive cases. The main clinical symptoms were higher frequencies of diarrhea (68--71.4%) and fever (78%) than in winter vomiting disease. There was no difference in the incidences of the disease in boys and girls. From observation on the disease in individual families, the incubation period seemed to be 3 days. Using paired sera and Neonatal Calf Diarrhea Virus (NCDV) as antigen, positive seroconversion was demonstrated by the complement fixation test and marked seroconversion by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. With these techniques, specific antibody to NCDV was detectable in the sera from an early stage of illness. Rotavirus was found on electron microscopic examination of some fecal specimens of patients in TA, but not in those of patients in TE or K, although adenovirus was isolated from one patient. A serological survey of healthy children aged 0 to 12 showed that rotavirus is a common virus in Osaka.
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PMID:Epidemiological and virological studies on outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis associated with rotavirus in primary schools in Osaka. 23 34

In October 1977 an outbreak of acute infectious diarrhea occurred in an infant home in the city of Sapporo, Japan. Of 34 residents aged two to 20 months, 26 (77%) suffered from diarrhea. In ten of these patients the diarrhea was accompanied by vomiting. Electron microscopic examinations revealed typical calicivirus particles in eight faecal specimens, seven of which were from the group of 26 affected patients (28%) and one of which was from the group of eight infants without symptoms (13%). Immune electron microscopy tests for antibody responses against one of the isolated strains of calicivirus were carried out on 27 paired pre- and post-outbreak sera. Seroconversions were demonstrated in 18 of 19 (95%) affected infants and in six of eight (75%) unaffected infants. One patient with lack of antibody response was the youngest child--two months old. Periodic surveys on enteric viruses circulating in the home revealed that calicivirus was specifically associated with the outbreak of gastroenteritis. These observations provide further evidence for the causative role of calicivirus in acute gastroenteritis in children.
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PMID:An outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with calicivirus in an infant home. 23 40

Children repeatedly admitted to a Jamaican clinic with gastroenteritis associated with protein-energy-malnutrition (PEM) were treated by oral glucose-electrolyte rehydration. Children were fed other food from the outset if they so requested. The solution was administer by cup and spoon, i.e., small amounts vs. bottle administration, frequently throughout the day and night. A simple solution, very inexpensive, is outlined and includes a 3-finger pinch of salt, a 3-finger pinch of sodium bicarbonate, and 2 teaspoons of potassium chloride dissolved in 100 cu. cm of water. In all, 16 children suffering from sporadic, unspecific diarrhea over a period of 9 months showed marked improvement of the condition within 1-2 days of cup and spoon rehydration.
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PMID:Cup and spoon rehydration of children with acute diarrhoea. 24 5

A comparative study was undertaken in Indonesia to assess the effect of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of acute diarrheal disease in infants. 120 children, age 2-60 months, suffering form acute gastroenteritis with varying degrees of dehydration who were treated at the Gadjah Mada University Hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, between August and December 1975, were included in the study. Approximately 1/2 the group was treated with antibiotics; the other 1/2 was not. Both groups received oral rehydration therapy. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups as to duration of the diarrhea and duration of hospitalization. It is concluded that antibiotics are not generally indicated in cases of acute diarrheal disease. The only requirements in treatment seems to be maintenance of the fluid electrolyte balance.
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PMID:The use of antibiotics in childhood diarrhea. 26 30

Only one of 167 separate isolates of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EEC) was shown to produce enterotoxin, and none of the 167 isolates were invasive. Clinical features of 123 hospitalized children with EEC were compared with those of 917 infants with nonbacterial gastroenteritis and 145 infants infected with Shigella. The average duration of diarrhea (five or more stools per day) in hospitalized children with EEC, nonbacterial gastroenteritis, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella sonnei was 4.6, 2.4, 5.1, and 2.5 days, respectively. The average duration of fever in these four groups was 1.4, 1.2, 2.1, and 1.2 days, respectively. The difference in duration of diarrhea between children with EEC and those with nonbacterial gastroenteritis was significant (P less than 0.001), even when age and rural/urban origin were controlled by analysis of variance. Nevertheless, the EEC group tended to be younger and to have a higher proportion of infants of rural origin. Although it appears that EEC serotypes rarely identify invasive or enterotoxin-producing organisms, clinical features of infants with EEC-associated gastroenteritis suggest that these infants may represent a distinctive and clinically important group with gastroenteritis of greater severity than nonbacterial gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory assessment of the pathogenicity of serotyped enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. 32 79

During two years, 1,217 children hospitalized with gastroenteritis at the Children's Centre in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada were studied. Bacterial pathogens were present in 25% of these children: enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in 120, Shigella in 139, Salmonella in 24, and multiple pathogens in 18. Rotavirus was detected in 54 (11%) of 472 patients examined. Rotavirus and enteropathogenic E. coli were the most common pathogens in infants, and Shigella was the most common in older children. Bacterial diarrhea occurred more commonly in summer, whereas rotavirus infection occurred more commonly in winter. Among 276 children screened, enterotoxigenic E. coli was found in three, and Aeromonas shigelloides that produced a similar toxin in two others. Enteroinvasive E. coli was not detected in 70 children. Organisms producing toxins "cytotoxic" to HeLa cells were isolated from three of 90 children. Screening for enterotoxigenic or enteroinvasive organisms was not productive of a significant number of pathogens, and, although screening for rotavirus did improve the number of etiologic diagnoses, the etiology of the majority of cases of diarrhea remained unknown.
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PMID:Gastroenteritis in children: a two-year review in Manitoba. I. Etiology. 33 Jul 69


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