Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis occurred in 1974 in a long-stay children's ward. Electron microscopy demonstrated rotaviruses in faeces from the affected children in the first outbreak, and adenoviruses in faeces from affected children and a nurse in the second outbreak. The illness in both outbreaks was very mild; but the diarrhoea associated with rotavirus infection usually lasted 5-8 days (in one patient it lasted for 28 days) and sometimes started with vomiting; whereas the adenovirus-associated diarrhoea lasted only 2-4 days and was not associated with vomiting. Neither the rotaviruses nor the adenoviruses could be established in tissue-culture.
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PMID:Epidemic viral enteritis in a long-stay children's ward. 4 58

A complement-fixation (C.F.) test for the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis has been developed using the serologically related Nebraska calf diarrhoea virus (N.C.D.V.) as antigen. Most infants and children who shed the agent in stools and/or who demonstrated serological (C.F.) evidence of infection with a reovirus-like-particle-positive human stool-filtrate C.F. antigen also demonstrated serological evidence of infection when a concentrated N.C.D.V. preparation was employed AS C.F. antigen. The N.C.D.V., which was previously shown to be related to the human reovirus-like agent, was found to be related antigenically to the epizootic diarrhoea of infant mice (E.D.I.M.) virus also. Studies on the prevalence of C.F. antibody in sera from infants and young children revealed a pattern of rapid acquisition of antibody to both the human reovirus-like agent and the N.C.D.V. as over 80 percent of these individuals possessed antibody to each agent by 36 months of age. A strong positive association was found in the results obtained with the two antigens. The ready availability of cell-culture grown N.C.D.V., and its ability to serve as a "substitute" C.F. antigen for the human reovirus-like agent, should enable the serodiagnosis of many cases of disease due to the human agent and facilitate seroepidemiological studies of such infections. In addition, the observation that a large proportion of individuals infected with the human reovirus-like agent develop serological evidence of infection not only to the human agent but to the calf agent as well may have important implications in the immunoprophylaxis of disease caused by the human reovirus-like agent.
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PMID:New complement-fixation test for the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis. Nebraska calf diarrhea virus used as antigen. 4 29

In a clinical study of 32 infants with symptoms from infections with the human reovirus-like agent (R.I.A.) identified by electron microscopy (E.M.) of faecal extracts, a fairly consistent clinical pattern was found in 30 who had a gastroenteritis-like illness. The disease was usually mild, affecting mainly infants less than 2 years and males more commonly than females. The incubation period appeared to be 48-72 hours; and the onset was sudden, often with vomiting in the first 1-2 days of the illness. Loose yellow-green offensive stools without blood or mucus developed after a variable time, and there was often accompanying fever. Severe dehydration and electrolyte inbalance were uncommon; and with standard treatment the illness was uncomplicated, usually lasting 5-8 days. These features resemble those of previously reported winter epidemics of infantile non-bacterial gastroenteritis, and it is suggested that these epidemics were due to R.L.A. 2 infants in whom R.L.A. was identified in the stool did not have a gastroenteritis-like illness although both had protracted diarrhoea.
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PMID:Infantile gastroenteritis: a clinical study of reovirus-like agent infection. 5 64

61 Boston children aged five years or less with acute diarrhoea were studied for evidence of infection with Escherichia coli strains that produce heat-labile enterotoxin (L.T.) or with a reovirus-like agent associated with childhood gastroenteritis. This represented the first evaluation of the prevalence of disease produced by these two agents in the same population. E. coli, isolated from acute-phase stool specimens, were tested in adrenal-cell tissue-culture and adult-rabbit ileal-loop assays for L.T. Acute and convalescent phase sera, collected from 31 children, were tested by the adrenal-cell assay for anti-L.T. activity. None of the 61 children demonstrated evidence of infection with L.T.-positive E. coli. Paired sera from 31 of the children studied were also tested for evidence of recent infection with the reovirus-like agent by determining titres of immunofluorescent-staining antibody to the serologically related Nebraska calf diarrhoea virus. 11 of the children (35%) had evidence of recent infection. These results suggest that an important proportion of endemic acute diarrhoea of young children in Boston is caused by the reovirus-like agent, and that disease caused by L.T.-producing E. coli is uncommon.
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PMID:Role of heat-labile toxigenic Escherichia coli and Reovirus-like agent in diarrhoea in Boston children. 5

Utilizing the direct and indirect fluorescent antibody procedure, the antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) to 7 other human and animal coronaviruses was studied. FIPV was found to be closely related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) of swine. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus and FIPV were in turn antigenically related to human coronavirus 229E (HCV-229E) and canine coronavirus (CCV). An interesting finding in the study was that the 8 coronaviruses selected for this study fell into one of two antigenically distinct groups. Viruses in each group were antigenically related to each other to varying degrees, but were antigenically unrelated to coronaviruses of the second group. The first antigenically related group was comprised of mouse hepatitis virus, type 3 (MHV-3), hemeagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus 67N (HEV-67N) of swine, calf diarrhea coronavirus (CDCV), and human coronavirus 0C43 (HCV-OC43). The second antigenically related group was comprised of FIPV, TGEV, HCV-229E and CCV.
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PMID:Antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus to coronaviruses of other species. 8 Oct 44

Coronavirus-like particles were detected by electron microscopy in the intestinal contents of pigs during a diarrhea outbreak on 4 swine breeding farms. Diarrhea was reproduced in experimental pigs with one of the isolates, designated CV777, which was found to be distinct from the 2 known porcine coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus.
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PMID:A new coronavirus-like particle associated with diarrhea in swine. 8 32

46 children (26 boys and 20 girls) admitted with mild acute gastroenteritis were randomly allocated to a regimen of continuing on full-strength milk, or to one of taking clear fluids until the diarrhoea settled before full-strength milk was reintroduced either immediately, or gradually in quarter-strength steps. There was no difference in length of hospital stay between the three groups.
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PMID:Gradual reintroduction of full-strength milk after acute gastroenteritis in children. 8 3

During October and November, 1978, gastroenteritis developed in 17 of 24 young children aged between eight months and two years from an R.A.F. station in the U.K. The illness, in which diarrhoea was always the predominant symptom, had an incubation period of eight to ten days and lasted about a week. It seemed to be transmitted from child to child, and in all but one instance parents and older siblings remained well. Stool specimens from 14 of the affected children were examined bacteriologically and virologically, and a highly significant association was found between the presence of adenovirus particles in stools, identified by electron microscopy, and the acute stage of the illness. This evidence suggests that an adenovirus was the cause of this outbreak of gastroenteritis.
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PMID:An outbreak of gastroenteritis in young children caused by adenoviruses. 8 93

In December, 1976, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a resort camp in Colorado. Data obtained by questionnaire from 760 persons indicated that 418 (55%) had had gastroenteritis at the camp or within a week of leaving it, with peak onset within a two-day period. Symptoms included vomiting (81%), diarrhoea (65%), and fever (49%); median duration of illness was twenty-four hours. The attack-rate increased with consumption of water or ice-containing beverages. The camp water supply was found to be inadequately chlorinated and contaminated by a leaking septic tank. Although routine laboratory tests did not reveal bacterial, viral, or parasitic pathogens, immune electron microscopy detected virus-like particles in two of five diarrhoeal stool filtrates. Oral administration of one of these bacteria-free filtrates to two volunteers induced a gastrointestinal illness similar to that observed in the camp visitors.
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PMID:A waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis with secondary person-to-person spread. Association with a viral agent. 8 27

Sixteen children with refractory diarrhea and three malnourished children who had frequent episodes of acute gastroenteritis but little diarrhea at the time of hospital admission, were studied by peroral upper small intestinal biopsy. Six children were adequately nourished; five children weighed 62 to 79% of expected weight and eight weighed less than 60% of expected weight. Two of the malnourished children had giardiasis. Pathogenic bacteria were found in only one case. Varying degrees of mucosal atrophy with reduction of mean villous height were seen in 18 cases. The concentration of mononuclear inflammatory cells and plasma cells was about half that seen in well-nourished children with severe nongastrointestinal infections. The concentration of mononuclear cells in the lamina propria was about twice that seen in normal adults. The proportions of IgA-producing cells and cells that stained for secretory component were significantly reduced, as compared with normal adult control values. This reduction was most striking in children with malnutrition complicated by giardiasis. Enzyme histochemical studies were performed for leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. There was a tendency for considerably reduced acid phosphatase activity in all clinical groups (kwashiorkor, marasmic kwashiorkor and marasmus) of growth-retarded infants.
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PMID:Infantile jejunal mucosa in infection and malnutrition. 10 19


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