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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The name juvenile tropical pancreatitis syndrome (JTPS) is proposed for a disease which affects young people of both sexes in certain parts of the tropics and which is characterised by abdominal pain, diabetes, steatorrhoea, and pancreatic calcification. The condition seems to start with blockage of the pancreatic ducts by laminated secretions or inspissated mucus plugs which later calcify. Chronic pancreatitis follows. The hypothesis is that plugs are the result of pancreatic stasis due to prolonged lack of food in the stomach and/or gastroenteritis and dehydration. Most plugs are probably dislodged during convalescence when protein-containing foods are eaten and stimulate vigorous flow of pancreatic juice. The sluggish pancreatic flow produced by very-low-protein diets may not dislodge plugs. Repeated infection and anorexia can enlarge the plugs which ultimately calcify. JTPS therefore occurs in Third-World areas with a high rate of childhood infections, and where low-protein staples are taken. Cereal staples seem to reduce the incidence of JTPS in endemic areas because of their protein content.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of juvenile tropical pancreatitis syndrome. 610 87

Five- to six-week-old crossbred pigs weighing 5 to 14 kg were given purified cyclopiazonic acid at dosages of 10, 1.0, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. Clinical signs observed by day 7 in pigs given 10 mg/kg body weight were weakness, inactivity, anorexia, rough hair coats, and reduced body weights. These pigs also developed diarrhea during week 2 of the experiment. The pigs given 1.0 mg/kg body weight had rough hair coats and were moderately inactive during the second week of the experiment. At necropsy, lesions were observed only in pigs given 10 and 1.0 mg/kg body weight of cyclopiazonic acid. Lesions were gastric ulcers, mucosal hyperemia, and hemorrhage throughout the small and large intestine in pigs given 10 mg/kg body weight of cyclopiazonic acid. The pigs also had yellow, fibrononecrotic material in the lumen of the small intestine and pale livers. One pig given 1.0 mg/kg body weight had gastric ulceration. Microscopic lesions in pigs given 10 mg/kg body weight were necrotizing gastroenteritis, focal hepatocellular necrosis, hepatic peripheral lobular fatty change, and focal renal tubular nephrosis with focal suppurative tubulointerstitial nephritis. Pigs given 1.0 mg/kg body weight of cyclopiazonic acid had necrotizing gastritis and villous blunting in the jejunum and ileum.
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PMID:The toxicity of cyclopiazonic acid in weaned pigs. 646 2

Seventy-two patients with neoplastic disease in a variety of anatomic sites were treated with sequential methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) followed by leucovorin (LV) rescue. Treatment consisted of MTX, 160 mg/m2 as a 10-min infusion; 5-FU, 600 mg/m2 as a bolus 90 min later; and LV, a minimum of 25 mg/m2 or 15 mg/m2 p.o. q.6h. X 4, repeated at 1- or 2-wk intervals. Responses of any type included 4 of 24 colon cancers, 3 of 12 stomach cancers, 0 of 6 pancreas cancers, 1 of 2 gallbladder cancers, 4 of 6 breast cancers, 1 of 1 uterus cancer, 2 of 2 selected lung cancers, 1 of 1 parotid cancer, 1 of 2 sarcomas, and 0 of 6 ovary cancers. Response appeared to increase survival. The best-quality responses were observed in patients with stomach, breast, and parotid tumors. Toxicities included anemia requiring transfusion (20%), anorexia during treatment with LV (16%), moderate thrombocytopenia (12%), grade 3 stomatitis (12%), moderate granulocytopenia (10%), severe conjunctivitis (6%), severe gastroenteritis (6%), vomiting (6%), anamnestic reactions (6%), possible renal failure (4%), and possible pulmonary failure (2%). One patient had life-threatening gastroenteritis and reappearance of a grade 1 to 2 skin reaction of the entire treatment field more than 5 yr after radiotherapy. Patients with prior cis-platin therapy had a 50% risk of life-threatening pancytopenia. The results encourage controlled primary trials testing intensification of the sequential combinations with parallel investigations of MTX alone with and without diminished doses of LV.
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PMID:MTX/5-FU trials in gastrointestinal and other cancers. 660 24

Among 884 hospital patients with gastroenteritis, 36 (4.1%) were excreting Cryptosporidium oocysts in their stools; only 5 of the 36 patients were also excreting other enteropathogens, while none of 320 hospital patients without gastroenteritis were excreting Cryptosporidium oocysts. Children were more commonly infected with Cryptosporidium (4.8%) than were adults (1.6%). The prevalence of infection was higher (7%) during the summer period of February-May 1981 than in the remainder of the observation period to the beginning of June 1982 (1.9%). The most common clinical manifestation of gastroenteritis in Cryptosporidium-infected patients was diarrhea, lasting from 3 to over 14 days, accompanied by vomiting, anorexia, and abdominal pain. The results show that a small proportion of patients with gastroenteritis are infected with Cryptosporidium, and the importance of the infection needs to be examined.
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PMID:Cryptosporidiosis in hospital patients with gastroenteritis. 662 74

Eighteen mixed-breed beef cattle died as the result of consuming "tacky lithium grease" discarded from a rubber reclaiming plant. Four experimental groups of mature cattle were given oral doses of a lithium salt at levels of 0, 20, 500, and 700 mg/kg body weight. Although all animals in the 250 mg/kg group showed signs of intoxication, the signs were mild and transient. Doses of 500 and 700 mg/kg proved toxic and fatal. Signs, serum levels, and tissue-organ deposition were dose and time-related. Signs of intoxication were salivation, depression, anorexia, hypodipsia, anuria, and diarrhea. The high dose group also showed severe depression and ataxia. The highest mean lithium serum values were 19, 40, and 54 ppm for the 250, 500, and 700 mg/kg groups, respectively. Postmortem and histopathologic examinations revealed dose-related gastroenteritis, slight interstitial nephritis, and hepatic cirrhosis. Tissue residues of lithium were in striated muscle (86.8 ppm), heart (79.3 ppm), liver (68.7 ppm), kidney (67.1 ppm) , and brain (51.8 ppm), in the high dose group. Since serum levels of cattle consuming the "tacky lithium grease" were 0.49 ppm of lithium, we believe other contaminants in this discarded grease may have caused or enhanced the toxic effect of lithium.
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PMID:Lithium toxicity in cattle. 740 86

In this case-control study, we investigated the role of Cryptosporidium in gastroenteritis in children < 6 years old. Six hundred fresh stool specimens were examined for various pathogenic parasites, bacteria, and rotaviruses. Wet-mount preparations, formaline-ether concentrations, and Sheather's floatation techniques were used to recover the parasite oocysts. Permanent stained slides using acid-fast stain and trichrome stains were prepared. Of 300 children with gastroenteritis symptoms, 20 (6.7%) had Cryptosporidium oocysts; seven of the 20 had concomitant infections so they were excluded from the counts. This infection rate is significantly different (Z = 2; p < 0.05) from that found in the control group (1.7%) of children who reported no symptoms. The most frequent symptoms reported beside diarrhea were abdominal pain, cramps, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Contaminated drinking water is suspected to be the source of infection; other possible factors are discussed.
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PMID:Cryptosporidium. A cause of gastroenteritis in preschool children in Jordan. 787 7

Group C rotavirus was detected in stools of four patients from February to April, 1993. Of these patients, three were infants who were attendants of the day care center of the hospital. Although the route of viral infection has not been determined, the virus might have been spread within the center. Because the clinical symptoms of acute gastroenteritis caused by group C rotavirus were vomiting, serious anorexia and subsequent difficulty of oral intake of food, patients often required fluid administration therapy at the outpatient clinic. The symptoms continued 1 to 2 days. Diarrhea occurred 1.7 times daily for 1.2 days. Watery stool was found in 3 cases of patients, but no whitish stool was discovered. Vomiting developed 2.2 times daily for 1.2 days. These symptoms were less severe than those of gastroenteritis by group A rotaviral infection. The electrophoretic RNA pattern of group C rotavirus detected in the four cases were the same. However it was different from that of the virus strains previously isolated.
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PMID:[Detection of group C rotavirus in the day care center]. 805 37

Although most studies on the effect of vitamin A supplementation have reported reductions in childhood mortality, the effects on morbidity are less clear. We have carried out two double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trials of vitamin A supplementation in adjacent populations in northern Ghana to assess the impact on childhood morbidity and mortality. The Survival Study included 21,906 children aged 6-90 months in 185 geographical clusters, who were followed for up to 26 months. The Health Study included 1455 children aged 6-59 months, who were monitored weekly for a year. Children were randomly assigned either 200,000 IU retinol equivalent (100,000 IU under 12 months) or placebo every 4 months; randomisation was by individual in the Health Study and by cluster in the Survival Study. There were no significant differences in the Health Study between the vitamin A and placebo groups in the prevalence of diarrhoea or acute respiratory infections; of the symptoms and conditions specifically asked about, only vomiting and anorexia were significantly less frequent in the supplemented children. Vitamin-A-supplemented children had significantly fewer attendances at clinics (rate ratio 0.88 [95% CI 0.81-0.95], p = 0.001), hospital admissions (0.62 [0.42-0.93], p = 0.02), and deaths (0.81 [0.68-0.98], p = 0.03) than children who received placebo. The extent of the effect on morbidity and mortality did not vary significantly with age or sex. However, the mortality rate due to acute gastroenteritis was lower in vitamin-A-supplemented than in placebo clusters (0.66 [0.47-0.92], p = 0.02); mortality rates for all other causes except acute lower respiratory infections and malaria were also lower in vitamin A clusters, but not significantly so. Improving the vitamin A intake of young children in populations where xerophthalmia exists, even at relatively low prevalence, should be a high priority for health and agricultural services in Africa and elsewhere.
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PMID:Vitamin A supplementation in northern Ghana: effects on clinic attendances, hospital admissions, and child mortality. Ghana VAST Study Team. 810 78

Coccidian/cyanobacterium-like body (CLB) associated diarrhea occurred in a 42 yr old Australian woman returning from Bali, Indonesia. The patient had a diarrheal illness of 10 days duration with symptoms of explosive diarrhea, nausea, anorexia and fever. Fecal examination revealed CLBs which were detected in modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained fecal smears. No other bacterial or parasite pathogens were found. CLBs were variably acid fast, showed an intense blue auto-fluorescence under UV microscopy and appeared as non-refractile hyaline spheres in direct wet mounts, being 8-9 microns in diameter. The taxonomic status of CLBs has been unclear but recent evidence supports that they are a coccidian parasite of the genus Cyclospora, rather than cyanobacterium. There is no specific therapy for CLB enteritis and spontaneous recovery occurs after what may be a prolonged diarrheal illness. CLBs may be a previously unrecognized enteric pathogen although their role in the pathology of diarrheal illness is still undetermined. There is consistency in the clinical and laboratory findings amongst the reported cases and CLBs should be considered in persons with unexplained gastroenteritis, especially travellers returning from tropical regions.
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PMID:Coccidian/cyanobacterium-like body associated diarrhea in an Australian traveller returning from overseas. 816 29

Blastocystis hominis is now gaining acceptance as an agent of human intestinal disease. A case-control study of the cause of gastroenteritis in children less than 6 years old was conducted. A total of 500 stool specimens were examined by wet mount preparation, formalin-ether concentration, Sheather's sugar flotation technique, and permanent stains when necessary. B. hominis was found in 63 (25%) of 250 stool specimens of the cases examined; 38 (15%) of these specimens contained this parasite alone. The appearance of severe symptoms was associated with increased numbers of the parasite in the diarrheic specimens (more than five parasites per field at a magnification of x 400). The most common symptoms were abdominal pain, recurrent diarrhea, cramps, anorexia, and fatigue. Contaminated water was suspected to be the major source of infection, since several cases were associated with Giardia infection. These findings support the concept of B. hominis pathogenicity in children with gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Evidence of an epidemic of Blastocystis hominis infections in preschool children in northern Jordan. 825 70


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