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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An outbreak of diarrhea involving 28 patients occurred in two wards of a chronic disease hospital. The illness was characterized by abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea without vomiting or fever. An epidemiologic investigation suggested food-borne intoxication and incriminated turkey loaf served at the preceding evening meal as the source of the outbreak. Bacillus cereus was isolated both from the stool of all 14 symptomatic patients who were cultured and from turkey loaf. No other enteropathogens were found. The isolate of B. cereus was shown to elaborate an enterotoxin that caused fluid secretion in assays in the rabbit ileal loop and suckling mice and that also caused a positive response in the Y-1 adrenal cell assay. B. cereus is an enteropathogen that should be sought in outbreaks of food-related gastroenteritis. This organism affects the gastrointestinal tract probably by the elaboration of enterotoxins.
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PMID:A hospital food-borne outbreak of diarrhea caused by Bacillus cereus: clinical, epidemiologic, and microbiologic studies. 10 49

Gastroenteritis due to Salmonella enteritis is an endemic disease in our region, extraintestinal manifestations however are rare. We report a 8 years old girl who presented after 4 days of an unspecific diarrheal disease with watery liquid stools, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fever above 39 Grad C and symptoms and signs of an acute abdominal emergency. Mid abdominal laparotomy disclosed a cholecystitis with reactive peritonitis. Cultures of bile showed Salmonella group B as the causative organism. Cholecystectomy was performed, postoperatively Gentamycin later Chloramphenicol was administered. The postoperative course was unremarkable. Cholecystitis is a rare disease in pediatrics. Gallstones don't seem to play a roll in the etiology unlike in adults. It usually follow serious systemic infections or postoperatively after unrelated abdominal surgery due to overgrowth of the biliary system and organisms contaminating the upper gastrointestinal tract (biliary stasis, dehydration). Salmonella enteritidis as a cause of a cholecystitis is a rare event.
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PMID:[Salmonella-cholecystitis (author's transl)]. 53 Jul 33

In an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by consumption of home-grown raw vegetable sprouts contaminated by Bacillus cereus, victims developed symptoms after an incubation period of 6-15 hours. Four persons initially experienced nausea and vomiting, and this was followed in 3 cases by abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Bacteriologic investigation indicated that B. cereus on unsprouted seeds proliferated during germination in a commercially sold seed sprouting kit and reached levels in excess of 10(7) per gram. B. cereus isolated from the incriminated sprouts exhibited enterotoxigenic activity when tested by the ligated rabbit ileal loop technique, the dermal reaction in guinea pigs, and the rabbit skin capillary permeability test. The diversity of symptoms and incubation periods attributed to B. cereus requires analysis for this often overlooked organism whenever food-borne gastroenteritis is suspected.
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PMID:An outbreak of Bacillus cereus food poisoning resulting from contaminated vegetable sprouts. 82 Jan 92

The role of shigella infection in childhood gastroenteritis was studied over a 2-year period. Shigella species were found in the faecal specimens of 70 (1%) of 7369 children with gastroenteritis, but in only 1 (0.1%) of 1130 controls. S. flexneri was the commonest isolate (51%), followed by S. sonnei (37%). Most shigella species were isolated during the winter. The prevalence of shigellosis was highest for children 1-5 years of age but equal for both sexes. Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and bloody diarrhoea were the predominant clinical features. Of the shigella isolates, 73% were resistant to cotrimoxazole, 43% to ampicillin, and 41% to chloramphenicol. One-third of isolates were resistant to greater than or equal to 3 antibiotics. All isolates were susceptible to nalidixic acid. The illness was mild and self-limiting and most patients recovered without antimicrobial therapy.
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PMID:The relative importance of Shigella in the aetiology of childhood gastroenteritis in Saudi Arabia. 150 39

For a minimum of one month (mean, 54 days), 287 infants and children less than 8 years of age were fed an isolated soy-protein formula. Prior to entry into the study, a cow's milk formula was being fed to 71%, a soy formula to 9%, and cow's milk or other formulas to 20%. Intolerance to cow's milk was reported in 35% of the patients, symptoms indicative of cow's milk intolerance in 23%, diarrhea or gastroenteritis in 18%, a family history of allergy in 13%, and insufficient weight gain, intolerance to other formulas, or constipation in 11%. The patients showed normal increases in weight and length during the study. A significant decrease in the following symptoms were reported in the patients from before to after treatment: abdominal cramps, bloating or gas, colic, diarrhea, fussiness, rashes or eczema, spitting up, waking up crying at night, wheezing, and vomiting. It is concluded that, while receiving soy formula, infants and children continued to thrive normally and that the formula was well tolerated. After receiving soy formula, the frequency of undesirable feeding-related symptoms was reduced in the majority of infants and children.
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PMID:Tolerance of a soy formula by infants and children. 161 46

Between December 9, 1988 and January 28, 1989, there were four outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in Saitama prefecture. Eighty-two of 123 persons (67%) attending four banquets in restaurants became ill: 44 cases attending three banquets were related to eating raw oysters, and 38 attending one banquet to eating sashimi. The most common symptoms were nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting. Average incubation periods were 29 to 32 hours long. Bacteriologic analysis of stool specimens did not reveal causative agents. Small round structured viruses were detected in fecal specimens from 19 of 39 ill persons (49%) by electron microscopy. In one of four outbreaks, the formation of antibody to small round structured virus in paired serum samples was detected by western blot test. Small round structured viruses were implicated as the etiologic agents in four outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis.
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PMID:[Food-borne outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by small round structured viruses. 1. Four outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with oyster consumption]. 166 51

In January 1989 and outbreak of gastroenteritis (GE) occurred among the residents and the employees of the Extended Care Unit (ECU) of a Florida hospital. There were 14 cases (38.9%) among the 36 ECU patients and 10 (19.2%) among the 52 employees. The illness was characterized by watery diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps and headache. Bacterial and viral investigations were negative. The incidence density rate of GE for patients in double occupancy room was nine times greater one to three days after a roommate had been ill than at any other time during the outbreak (p = 0.02). Patients who received higher level of nursing and medical care were five times more likely to develop GE than the other patients (p = 0.054). Health workers who reported contact with symptomatic patients were 2.5 times more likely to become cases than the other workers (p = 0.3). These data suggest that the infection was transmitted from patient to patient by contact with health care workers.
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PMID:[Study of the method of transmission in an epidemic of gastroenteritis in an extended care service, Florida, 1989]. 177 98

Consumption of raw shellfish has long been known to be associated with individual cases and sporadic outbreaks of enteric illness. However, during 1982, outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with eating raw shellfish reached epidemic proportions in New York State. Between May 1 and December 31, there were 103 well-documented outbreaks in which 1017 persons became ill: 813 cases were related to eating clams, and 204 to eating oysters. The most common symptoms were diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting. Incubation periods were generally 24 to 48 hours long, and the duration of illness was 24 to 48 hours. Bacteriologic analyses of stool and shellfish specimens did not reveal a causative agent. Norwalk virus was implicated as the predominant etiologic agent by clinical features of the illness and by seroconversion and the formation of IgM antibody to Norwalk virus in paired serum samples from persons in five (71 percent) of seven outbreaks in which testing was done. In addition, Norwalk virus was identified by radioimmunoassay in clam and oyster specimens from two of the outbreaks. Determining the source of the shellfish was not always possible, but northeastern coastal waters were implicated. The magnitude, persistence, and widespread nature of these outbreaks raise further questions about the safety of consuming raw shellfish.
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PMID:Widespread outbreaks of clam- and oyster-associated gastroenteritis. Role of Norwalk virus. 300 57

A 1983 investigation of two clambake-related gastroenteritis outbreaks in Rochester, New York, showed that 84 (43%) of 196 persons interviewed had an acute illness characterized by watery diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps. None of the ill persons were hospitalized or had complications. Illness was associated with eating raw (p = 0.002) or baked (p less than 0.01) hard-shell clams, with the risk of illness increasing with the total number of clams consumed (p less than 0.01). The median incubation period and duration of illness were 36 and 44 hours, respectively. Stool samples obtained 2-4 days after onset of illness were negative for commonly recognized bacterial and viral pathogens. However, of 31 persons whose stools were tested, the stool of only one ill person was positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the Snow Mountain agent, one of the Norwalk-like viruses. Paired serum specimens from six (67%) of nine ill and two (29%) of seven well persons showed a fourfold or greater rise in antibody titer to Snow Mountain agent. Persons who ate clams were more likely to seroconvert to Snow Mountain agent (eight of 12) than were those who did not eat clams (zero of four) (p = 0.04). The clams were harvested off the coast of southern Massachusetts in late October, when harvest waters were documented to be contaminated by untreated municipal sewage. This report describes the first documented outbreak of shellfish-associated gastroenteritis attributed to Snow Mountain agent of which we are aware.
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PMID:Snow Mountain agent gastroenteritis from clams. 311 35

Outbreaks of Norwalk gastroenteritis, which may involve persons of all ages, occur during all seasons and in various locations. Waterborne, foodborne, and person-to-person modes of transmission have been described, and secondary person-to-person transmission is common. Outbreaks generally end in about 1 week; longer outbreaks occur only when new groups of susceptible persons are introduced, usually in the setting of a persistent common source of infection. The illness is generally mild and characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Vomiting is the predominant symptom among children, whereas diarrhea is commoner among adults. Forty-two percent of 74 outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis investigated by the Centers for Disease Control from 1976 to 1980 were attributed to the Norwalk virus. The rest resembled Norwalk outbreaks clinically and epidemiologically and were probably caused by 27-nm viral agents similar to the Norwalk virus.
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PMID:Epidemiology of Norwalk gastroenteritis and the role of Norwalk virus in outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis. 628 77


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