Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diarrhoeal disease is a common problem in developing countries. As a result of recent advances in diagnostic methodology, the causative agents can now be identified in most cases of acute diarrhoeal diseases. Enteric bacterial pathogens are the common cause of gastroenteritis in developing countries. Appropriate uses of antibiotics in selected cases of diarrhoea will decrease symptoms or reduce faecal shedding of the organism and prevent spread of infection. Antimicrobial agents improve the diarrhoea associated with cholera, shigellosis, enteric fever, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, giardiasis, amoebiasis, and probably Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and enteropathogenic E. coli. Antibiotics have no role in the treatment of viral diarrhoea or uncomplicated salmonella gastroenteritis. Most of the diarrhoeal diseases are self-limited and the wrong choice of antimicrobial agents will worsen the symptoms. Treatment of gastrointestinal infections with antimicrobials will change intestinal microflora, promote the emergence of resistant strains and overgrowth of potential pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Risks and benefits should be considered before prescribing antimicrobial agents.
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PMID:Consequences of treatment of gastrointestinal infections. 354 20

Diarrheal disease is the major cause of childhood morbidity in developing countries. Although malnutrition is known as a risk factor for severe gastroenteritis, the role of enteric pathogens in the clinical severity is unclear. The present study was conducted in well nourished Ghanaian preschool children during a 3 month period of the rainy season to assess the relationship between enteric pathogens and severe gastroenteritis. Two hundred and twenty-five children with acute gastroenteritis and 64 age-matched control children were prospectively examined for the severity of dehydration and enteric pathogens in their stools. Of the 225 children with gastroenteritis, 69.8% (157/225) had mild dehydration and 30.2% (68/225) had severe dehydration. Bacteria were similarly isolated in stool samples from children with mild and severe dehydration and controls. Rotavirus accounted for 20.6% of children with severe dehydration and was more often isolated in stools from patients with severe dehydration than those from controls. Furthermore, the mixed infections associated with rotavirus and bacteria were more often found in patients with severe dehydration than those with mild dehydration or controls. Parasites were similarly found at low incidences among the three groups. The present study implied that rotavirus was more responsible for severe gastroenteritis than bacteria or parasites. However, factors other than enteric pathogens must be sought in a considerable number of severe cases. A large scale study throughout a year is recommended to obtain more precise information that would reflect the seasonal variation of rotavirus infections.
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PMID:Enteric pathogens in severe forms of acute gastroenteritis in Ghanaian children. 900 7

Diarrheal disease continues to be a global health problem, particularly among young ones in developing nations. Amongst several viral and non-viral agents associated with diarrhea, group A rotavirus has been recognized as the major etiological agent of childhood gastroenteritis in human infants as well as several animal species throughout the world. During this study, a total of 181 diarrheic stool samples collected from children, piglets, buffalo and cow calves of Madhya Pradesh, central India were analyzed by electrophoretic mobilities of the 11 segments of dsRNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). This technique revealed prevalence of rotavirus among different species (human-26.09%, pig-25.71%, buffalo-23.61% and cattle-21.43%). Prevalence of existence of circulating 8 different electropherotypes of group A rotaviruses indicated high genomic diversity among rotaviruses in this geographical region. Majority of the electropherotypes from humans and animals were of long pattern (75%) than short electropherotypes (9.09%). Same electropherotype was found to exist either only in a single species or in more than one species implicating the possibility of cross species transmission of the rotavirus strains. As it was found that certain animal rotavirus strains had electropherotypic similarities to some human strains, speculation increased about whether animals play a role as a source of rotavirus infection in humans or vice-versa. There is a need for further detailed study on the molecular characterization of rotaviruses which would have important implication in vaccine evaluation program.
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PMID:Genomic diversity among group A rotaviruses from diarrheic children, piglets, buffalo and cow calves of Madhya Pradesh. 2310 Aug 12