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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From May 1985 through July 1990, 28 episodes of Vibrio vulnificus infection in 27 patients were encountered in five major hospitals in Taiwan. The ages of patients ranged from 19 to 76 years; the ratio of male to female patients was 2:1. Eighteen episodes manifested as bacteremia and eight as wound infections alone. One patient each developed gastroenteritis and pneumonia after nearly drowning. Twenty-three patients exhibited skin manifestations. Twenty patients had underlying diseases. All patients were treated with antibiotics, and 14 also underwent some form of surgical treatment (incision and drainage, fasciotomy, debridement, or amputation). Thirteen of the 28 episodes were preceded by precipitating factors; most were due to ingestion of seafood or exposure of abraded skin to salt water. Ten of the 18 septicemic patients died--most within 48 hours of hospitalization. One patient without bacteremia who had a wound infection died. Results of in vitro susceptibility studies suggested that ampicillin or a third-generation cephalosporin would be effective. Susceptibility to aminoglycosides was observed for greater than 90% of isolates. We recommend combined therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin or ampicillin and an aminoglycoside along with appropriate surgical therapy for the treatment of V. vulnificus infection.
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PMID:Vibrio vulnificus infection in Taiwan: report of 28 cases and review of clinical manifestations and treatment. 145 57

Although Taiwan is not an area where cholera is endemic, from October 1988 to October 1997 30 episodes of non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae infection were noted at the National Cheng Kung University Hospital in Taiwan. Infections generally occurred in hot seasons, and two episodes were concomitant with Vibrio vulnificus infection. Three major clinical presentations were found: bacteremia with concurrent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or invasive soft-tissue infections that occurred solely in cirrhotic patients; self-limited acute febrile gastroenteritis that occurred in patients with no underlying medical disease; and necrotizing fasciitis or cellulitis that often resulted from a wound on extremities. Other manifestations included fatal pneumonitis in a drowned man and acute pyosalpinx. The differential diagnosis of invasive infections in cirrhotic patients should include infections due to non-O1 V. cholerae or V. vulnificus, and a third-generation cephalosporin and a tetracycline analogue or a fluoroquinolone alone is recommended for treatment of severe vibrio infections.
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PMID:Infections due to non-O1 Vibrio cholerae in southern Taiwan: predominance in cirrhotic patients. 979 33

A 49-year-old man, who had a 3-year history of liver dysfunction but had not been treated, was admitted to the hospital with a sudden onset of fever and generalized muscle pain. He subsequently developed generalized purpura with scattered hemorrhagic bullae of the skin and massive bloody stools. Aeromonas sobria was proven by culture of both blood and bullous fluid. In spite of the extensive treatment with antibiotics and other medications in the intensive care unit (ICU), the patient went into septic shock and died 2 days after admission. Pathological examination on autopsy revealed segmental necrotizing gastroenteritis with bacterial colonies and alcoholic liver cirrhosis, in addition to extensive severe soft tissue damage involving cellulitis and rhabdomyolysis and epidermolysis. Although the prognosis for Vibrio vulnificus infection with severe soft tissue damage in patients with liver cirrhosis, malignancy, diabetes mellitus or other pre-existing diseases is poor, the unfavorable progression of Aeromonas species, especially A. sobria infection is rare. This is thought to be the first report of an autopsied case.
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PMID:Aeromonas sobria infection with severe soft tissue damage and segmental necrotizing gastroenteritis in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. 1046 97

Vibrio vulnificus infection mainly manifests as primary bacteraemia or gastroenteritis following injection of the microorganism, and wound infection through direct inoculation. Injury from exposure to the microorganism and development of necrotising fasciitis at a remote site and sepsis are rare. This report is of a high-risk patient with haemoglobin H disease who developed necrotising fasciitis in the lower limb after exposure to seafood on the hand.
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PMID:Necrotising fasciitis caused by Vibrio vulnificus in the lower limb following exposure to seafood on the hand. 2181 6

While the problem of raw-oyster-associated Vibrio vulnificus infection is well known, less is known about other Vibrio infections associated with raw oyster consumption. Case reports of 333 patients with raw-oyster-associated infections with V. vulnificus and other Vibrio species reported in Florida from 1981 through 1994 were reviewed to define the epidemiology of these infections. The average annual incidence of raw-oyster-associated Vibrio infection was 10.1 per 1,000,000 raw oyster-consuming adults (95% confidence interval: 8.3 to 11.9). Infection resulted in gastroenteritis for 231 (69%) patients, of whom 97 (42%) were hospitalized for a mean length of stay of 4.9 days, and 2 (1%) died. Vibrio species most often identified in patients with gastroenteritis included V. parahaemolyticus (29%), V. cholerae non-Ol (28%), V. hollisae (15%), and V.mimicus (12%). The remaining 102 (31 %) patients with raw-oyster-associated Vibrio infections developed primary septicemia and 50 (49%) died. Primary septicemia resulted from infection with V. vulnificus (80%), v. parahaemolyticus (9%), V. cholerae non-O1 (8%), and V. hollisae (3%). Non- V. vulnificus species accounted for 72% of all raw-oyster-associated Vibrio infections, and differed from infections with V. vulnificus in their lack of a seasonal distribution and the absence of underlying medical conditions in infected patients. These findings emphasize that Vibrio species other than V. vulnificus are more commonly associated with raw oyster consumption, are capable of producing significant morbidity, and may not be controlled by measures such as seasonal marketing restrictions and targeted education of high-risk? consumers that have been proposed to prevent infection with V. vulnificus.
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PMID:Vibrio Infections Associated with Raw Oyster Consumption in Florida, 1981-1994. 3119 34

Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the Vibrionaceae family. It represents a deadly opportunistic human pathogen which grows in water with the proper temperature and salinity, and is mostly acquired from seafood eating or direct contact. In susceptible individuals, a traumatic infection could be fatal, causing severe wound infection and even septic shock, and may require amputation. Global warming plays an important role in the geographical area expanding of Vibrio disease. The pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus-associated sepsis is very complex, including iron intake, cell injury, and adhesion-related protein and virulence regulation. Vibrio vulnificus infection mainly manifests clinical subtypes such as primary sepsis, traumatic infection, and gastroenteritis, with rapid symptom progression and signs of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). It is important to assess these pathogenetic mechanisms in order to select more appropriate measures to prevent and treat Vibrio vulnificus infections, including antibiotic usage and surgical intervention. In this work, we report a typical case of successful treatment of necrotizing fasciitis caused by Vibrio vulnificus, and review the epidemiology, pathogenetic mechanism, clinical characteristics, and treatment of Vibrio vulnificus infection.
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PMID:Epidemiology, pathogenetic mechanism, clinical characteristics, and treatment of Vibrio vulnificus infection: a case report and literature review. 3132 61