Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by consumption of home-grown raw vegetable sprouts contaminated by Bacillus cereus, victims developed symptoms after an incubation period of 6-15 hours. Four persons initially experienced nausea and vomiting, and this was followed in 3 cases by abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Bacteriologic investigation indicated that B. cereus on unsprouted seeds proliferated during germination in a commercially sold seed sprouting kit and reached levels in excess of 10(7) per gram. B. cereus isolated from the incriminated sprouts exhibited enterotoxigenic activity when tested by the ligated rabbit ileal loop technique, the dermal reaction in guinea pigs, and the rabbit skin capillary permeability test. The diversity of symptoms and incubation periods attributed to B. cereus requires analysis for this often overlooked organism whenever food-borne gastroenteritis is suspected.
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PMID:An outbreak of Bacillus cereus food poisoning resulting from contaminated vegetable sprouts. 82 Jan 92

Sixty-five stool specimens obtained from children suffering from gastroenteritis were tested for the presence of antigen to rotavirus by the Abbott TestPack Rotavirus (TestPack) enzyme immunoassay kit. The Kallestad Pathfinder enzyme immunoassay, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immune electron microscopy, and virus isolation were utilized as reference assays. Fifty-four specimens were in accord by TestPack and Kallestad Pathfinder. Among 11 discordant specimens positive with TestPack but negative by Kallestad Pathfinder, rotavirus was not identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immune electron microscopy, or isolation in primary African green monkey kidney cell cultures. TestPack displayed a performance specificity of 83%. The inordinately high number of stool specimens reported as false-positive by TestPack precludes the incorporation of this antigen detection kit into our routine regimen of diagnostic virologic testing.
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PMID:Occurrence of nonspecific reactions among stool specimens tested by the Abbott TestPack rotavirus enzyme immunoassay. 216 74

A total of 348 fecal specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis in Gifu city over three consecutive winter seasons (from November 1986 to March 1989) were examined for group A human rotavirus (HRV) by either a commercial test kit or a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sandwich ELISA). One hundred twelve of the 173 group A HRV-positive specimens were further subjected to serotype determination by ELISA with four serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies to VP7 (ELISA-serotyping). Ninety-one specimens (81.3%) were successfully serotyped: 41 (36.6%) were serotype 1, 13 (11.6%) serotype 2, 27 (24.1%) serotype 3, and 10 (8.9%) serotype 4. The serotypes of the remaining 21 (18.8%) could not be determined. The predominant serotype of HRV that prevailed in Gifu city changed every winter: serotype 3 (63.4%) was most prevalent in the 1st winter, serotype 4 (42.9%) in the 2nd winter, and serotype 1 (64%) in the 3rd winter.
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PMID:Serotype analysis of group A human rotavirus related to acute gastroenteritis in winter in Gifu city. 217 31

The rotaviral antigen was detected by a screening test using the ELISA-IC kit in 17.6% out of 415 children with acute gastroenteritis. The highest frequency (28.9%) was found in children hospitalized in pediatric services with a diagnosis of diarrhoeic disease associated to acute respiratory infection. The rotavirus infection incidence was about three times higher during the cold season than during summer (30.4% versus 10.5%). The 6-11 month age group was the most severely affected.
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PMID:[Detection of the rotavirus group antigen by a screening test using the ELISA-IC kit in subjects with acute gastroenteritis, at the pediatric services of Moldavia]. 282 75

Using solid-phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM) as a reference test, we examined 151 stool specimens from infants and young children with acute gastroenteritis for rotavirus detection by a one-step commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with labeled monoclonal antibody. Of the 83 samples determined to be positive for rotavirus by SPIEM, 82 were detected as positive by the monoclonal antibody ELISA (sensitivity, 98.7%), while 67 of the 68 specimens determined to be negative by SPIEM were correctly detected as negative by the ELISA (specificity, 98.5%). The diagnostic accuracy of the ELISA kit was 98.6%. Thus, the one-step monoclonal antibody ELISA, which can be completed in less than 90 min, appears to be highly suitable for the rapid and reliable detection of rotavirus in stools.
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PMID:Comparative evaluation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay and solid-phase immune electron microscopy for rotavirus detection in stool specimens. 303 9

Radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) are generally recommended for routine diagnosis of rotavirus infection in childhood gastroenteritis. Expensive and delicate, these techniques are ill-suited for processing a small number of samples. Recently, Latex agglutination tests have been introduced than can be performed by non specialized hospital laboratories. However, some questions have been raised as to the sensitivity and specificity of these tests. We have sought a direct appraisal of latex agglutination testing by comparing two enzyme immunoassays and two latex tests (Rotazyme, Enzygnost-Rotavirus, Rotalex, Slidex Rota-kit). Three comparative studies that involved 1217 stool samples from children with gastroenteritis were carried out. Specificity, sensitivity, of latex tests compared favorably with the more sophisticated EIA, they represent a very convenient alternative for routine laboratory use provided latex tests with low rate of non-specific agglutinations are chosen.
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PMID:[Infectious viral diarrheas. Comparison of research methods for rotaviruses]. 353 52

This study was undertaken to compare countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using Rotazyme kit to detect rotavirus antigen in the stools of children with gastroenteritis and to compare and contrast the signs and symptoms of rotavirus antigen-positive with antigen-negative children. Over 2 years, 171 infant and children admitted to the pediatric in-patient unit at St. Luke's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, with gastroenteritis were evaluated. Stools from 108 (63%) had rotavirus antigen. In most patients, antigen was detected by both CIE and ELISA. 100 (94%) of the 108 patients were under age 2; 72 (66%) rotavirus-positive patients were seen during the colder months. Frequency and duration of diarrhea, presence and duration of vomiting, presence and duration of fever, and lack of examination findings distinguished the rotavirus antigen-positive from the rotavirus antigen-negative patients. CIE and ELISA are reliable, simple laboratory methods for identifying this etiologial agent in stool. Rotavirus antigen was detected by both CIE and Rotazyme technique in most patients. In a few patients only 1 test was positive for the antigen. In 16 (14.8%) positive specimens antigen only could be detected by CIE, while in 11 (10.2%) positive specimens the antigen was demonstrable only by the Rotazyme method. This discrepancy is hard to explain since both methods are sensitive and compare well with immune electron microscopy. CIE is an inexpensive, simple test which can be done easily in any microbiology or clinical laboratory, with the results ready in 3 hours. Rotazyme is very sensitive but it is also more complicated than CIE.
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PMID:Clinical features and laboratory diagnosis of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in infants and children. 609 39

94 faecal samples from infants and children suffering of acute gastroenteritis were investigated for rotavirus by indirect double antibody sandwich ELISA kit (WHO, Geneva), Rotavirus ELISA kit (DAKOPATTS A/S, Copenhagen) and Rotalex latex-agglutination kit (Orion Diagnostica, Helsinki). The ELISA techniques gave almost identical results and seemed to be of same sensitivity and specificity. Rotalex agglutination had an overall agreement of 88% with ELISA. It is concluded that strongly positive reactions found by Rotalex may be regarded as true positive reactions, whereas samples producing weakly positive and/or negative reactions should be retested in a more specific and sensitive assay, such as enzyme linked immunosorbent-assay (ELISA).
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PMID:Comparison of indirect double antibody and double antibody sandwich ELISA techniques with latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of human rotavirus infection. 614 99

Enteric adenovirus type 40/41 is considered to be the second major cause of gastroenteritis in young children. In this study fecal specimens 86-123 from diarrhea patients were isolated and examined in Grahm 293 cells. This induced cytopathic effect (CPE) at this cells. Viral particles were also found in fecal specimens and by electron microscopy. Examination of the isolate with Cambridge Biotech Adenoclone-Type 40/41 test kit indicated that it contained EAd. On the basis of the above studies, one strain of EAd was the first isolated virus in China.
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PMID:[Isolation and identification of enteric adenovirus in China]. 778 Nov 22

Strains of Bacillus cereus and B. thuringiensis were tested by the Tecra VIA kit for the ability to produce a diarrhoeal enterotoxin. The strains of B. thuringiensis were isolated from commercial B. thuringiensis-based insecticides (Bactimos, DiPel, Florbac, FC, Foray 48B, Novodor FC, Turex, VecTobac, XenTari). The production of diarrhoeal enterotoxin varied by a factor of more than 100 among the different strains tested. B. cereus (F4433/73) produced the highest amount of enterotoxin and the B. thuringiensis strain isolated from DiPel the lowest. The products were tested for their content of diarrhoeal enterotoxin and all products, except MVP which does not contain viable B. thuringiensis spores, contained diarrhoeal enterotoxins. The results indicates an potential risk for gastroenteritis outbreak caused by B. thuringiensis.
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PMID:Diarrhoeal enterotoxin production by strains of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from commercial Bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticides. 874 10


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