Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Exposure of purified transmissible gastroenteritis virus, a porcine coronavirus, to non-ionic detergents resulted in the removal of the surface projections and greater than 98% of the virus lipid. Virus RNA was associated with a subviral particle which had a sedimentation coefficient of 650S, compared with 495S for the intact virion, and which banded in Cs2SO4 gradients at 1-295 g/ml. Negatively stained preparations of subviral particles were shown by electron microscopy to contain spherical particles of 60 to 70 nm diam., similar in appearance to those derived from oncornaviruses. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the polypeptides from isolated subviral particles showed that these structures contained three of the four major virus structural proteins, the arginine-rich polypeptide VP2 and the two membrane glycopolypeptides VP2 and 4. The detergent-liberated surface projections, composed of a single species of sulphated glycopolypeptide, VPI, were isolated by rate-zonal centrifugation through sucrose gradients followed by precipitation with ammonium sulphate in the presence of bovine serum albumin.
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PMID:Isolation of subviral components from transmissible gastroenteritis virus. 19 Mar 41

One hundred and thirty admissions to Alice Springs Hospital of full-blood Aboriginal children with acute gastroenteritis during a six-months period in 1975-1976 were examined retrospectively. Sixty-two (48%) of the children were malnourished, including seven (5.4%) who were marasmic. An accelerated weight gain was demonstrated during the recovery phase, averaging 418% of that expected for age. Hypokalaemia occurred in 77 of 117 children (66%); it was severe (serum potassium levels being less than or equal to 2.5 mmol/l.) in 15 (13%), and did not correlate with dehydration as assessed by initial weight gain, or with nutritional status. Hyponatraemia occurred in 32 of 123 children (26%) and was severe (serum sodium levels being less than or equal to 130 mmol/l.) in 11 (9%). Hypoalbuminaemia (serum albumin levels below 35 g/l.) and anaemia (haemoglobin values below 10 g/100 ml) occurred in 15% and 22% respectively. Potential faecal pathogens were isolated during 80 of the 130 admissions (62%). Multiple pathogens were common. Interrelationships of nutrition, infection and immune response are discussed, and measures for reducing morbidity and mortality are outlined.
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PMID:Gastroenteritis in Alice Springs. 61 93

We examined the uptake of bovine serum albumin (BSA) from the intestine into the circulation of 3-week-old piglets infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Transfer of immunoreactive bovine serum albumin (iBSA) from the intestinal lumen into the circulation was enhanced during both the early invasive phase of this viral enteritis (12-h postinoculation) and the diarrheal phase (84-h postinoculation). In some animals, enhanced uptake persisted into the recovery phase, 324 h after inoculation. Gel filtration studies suggested that iBSA had the molecular size characteristic of native BSA; no immunoreactive fragments of BSA were detected. Based on studies of two animals, the half-life of iBSA approximated that of porcine albumin. Further study is required to determine the immunological consequences of the enhanced uptake of protein occurring during viral infection of the intestine.
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PMID:In vivo intestinal uptake of immunoreactive bovine albumin in piglet enteritis. 379 27

Clinical and laboratory features of 86 infants admitted with diarrhea and dehydration were evaluated prospectively. Human rotavirus (HRV) infection was documented in 35 infants (41%) by the Rotazyme test. Those with HRV gastroenteritis (HRV+ group) had a shorter duration of diarrhea prior to admission, more severe dehydration on presentation, and a longer hospital course than the HRV-negative (HRV-) group. Vomiting, fever, upper respiratory tract symptoms, otitis media, and cough were present in equal numbers of infants in both groups. The HRV+ infants had lower serum bicarbonate and higher serum albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and uric acid concentrations than did the HRV- infants. Serum uric acid levels greater than 10 mg/dL (590 mumol/L) were present in 69% of HRV+ vs 29% of HRV- infants. The Rotazyme test was found to be a valuable tool in diagnosis; testing on two days increased the yield from 74% to 97% of all infants finally diagnosed as HRV+. The optimal time for testing was within the first five days of illness.
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PMID:Rotavirus gastroenteritis. Clinical and laboratory features and use of the Rotazyme test. 381 82

An experiment in which groups of calves were repeatedly treated with thiabendazole and compared with similar untreated groups suggested that parasitic gastroenteritis is not a problem in calves kept under traditional management during the wet season on the Jos plateau in northern Nigeria. On the other hand, as the dry season advanced, the effect of earlier treatment during the wet season showed in better weight gains, higher serum albumin concentrations and higher packed cell volumes compared to the controls. The epidemiological significance of this is discussed in relation to the nutritional stresses of the dry season.
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PMID:Parasitic gastro-enteritis in calves on the Jos plateau, Nigeria. 745 20

A 2-year-old boy developed acute myositis associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis. He had remarkable swelling and subcutaneous edema, mostly in the legs, 4 days after the onset of gastroenteritis. Marked elevation of creatine kinase was observed while serum albumin, immunoglobulin, and complement were decreased.
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PMID:Acute myositis with transient decrease of albumin, immunoglobulin, and complement following rotavirus gastroenteritis. 958 8

A syndrome of alopecia and weight loss in a colony of 10 western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Gabon during a 3-yr period was apparently due to a dietary protein deficiency, with nine individuals affected to some extent. The most severely afflicted was a 4-yr-old female who eventually died as a result of acute gastroenteritis caused by Shigella flexneri. Clinical signs included chronic alopecia, hair discoloration, failure to thrive, and weight loss, and their severity was directly correlated with the degree of hypoalbuminemia (12 g/L in the most extreme case) and normocytic normochromic anemia. Preliminary clinical tests and autopsy results suggested a dietary protein or amino acid deficiency as the cause of the hypoalbuminemia, and further analyses of serum amino acid and protein levels were consistent with a diagnosis of dietary protein deficiency. Supplementation of the colony diet with a protein preparation for humans produced a rapid amelioration of signs and improvement in body and coat condition, a normalization of serum albumin and total protein levels, and disappearance of the anemia in all affected animals except a 12-yr-old male, who responded well to treatment with anabolic steroids. The natural diet of western lowland gorillas is surprisingly high in protein, and the dietary protein requirement of captive gorillas may be increased as a result of the absence of commensal gastrointestinal ciliates.
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PMID:Protein deficiency in a colony of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla) 980 96

VTEC O157 infections, although showing a relentless rise in incidence over the last decade, only account for less than 10% of total food poisoning notifications in the UK. Despite this, the propensity for this infection to cause the serious and life-threatening clinical complications of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura (TTP), in a significant proportion (2-15%) of sufferers, highlights the need to focus on it both epidemiologically and clinically. The mortality rate of these complications (3-17% and up to 30% in outbreaks) adds urgency to this consideration. The pathogenesis and epidemiology of the illness caused by VTEC O157 is now well described, allowing the potential for appropriate intervention in outbreak and individual clinical management. The presence or absence of symptoms, e.g. bloody diarrhoea, fever, vomiting, in VTEC O157 infections compared with other causes of gastroenteritis may allow some selection of cases for more intensive management. Age (< 15, > 65 years), clinical hypochlorhydria. and a short incubation period have been associated with complication (HUS/TTP) development. Antibiotic therapy in the pre-infection period may predispose to complication development and there is evidence that it may increase complications if used in the management of acute illness. Laboratory markers such as early neutrophil leukocytosis have been shown both to correlate with VTEC O157 infection and to predict complications in central Scotland and Japan. The serum albumin and the C-reactive protein may act as additional markers for HUS development. Laboratory markers may be differentiated into those predicting HUS/TTP and those useful in monitoring its development. A scheme for clinical management of affected cases is presented to allow the attending clinician to select cases that may benefit from further intervention to prevent or treat complications.
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PMID:The management of VTEC O157 infection. 1140 39

A dose and move to clean pasture strategy for nematode control in weaner sheep was compared to a move only strategy. Sixteen ewes with twin lambs (2-3 weeks old) were turned out on infected pasture on 4 May 1999. On 1 July, the lambs were allocated to four groups of eight and weaned on to clean pasture. Two groups (DM1+2) were treated with anthelmintics, while the other two (M1+2) were not treated. Each group was allocated to a separate paddock and set stocked until 27 September when all the animals were slaughtered to perform worm counts. Moving the weaned lambs to clean pasture reduced the faecal egg counts to less than one third within 4 weeks while the treatment reduced it to zero for 4 weeks. Faecal egg counts of the dose and move groups remained significantly lower for 6 weeks (P<0.0001) after moving to the clean pasture. After this period the differences were not significant as the dose and move groups started shedding eggs in faeces. The pasture infectivity was lower in the paddocks grazed by groups (DM1+2). The weight gains and the serum albumin levels were comparable in all four groups. O. circumcinta and Trichostrongylus vitrinus were the major species recovered. The total worm counts were significantly lower in (DM1+2) compared to M1+2, particularly the mean counts in the small intestines (T. vitrinus) (P<0.01). It was concluded that weaning lambs at the beginning of July and moving them before the expected mid-summer rise in herbage infection to a clean pasture will prevent parasitic gastroenteritis and achieve good production whether the move is accompanied by anthelmintic treatment or not. The effects will be subject to prevailing nematode species, local climatic conditions and length of the grazing season.
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PMID:Effectiveness of grazing management in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in weaner lambs on pasture in Denmark. 1144 52

Noroviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family Caliciviridae. They are a major cause of epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis in humans and calves. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has become the "gold standard" for detection of noroviruses in faecal and environmental samples. However, false negative results due to co-concentration of RT-PCR inhibitors are a continuous concern. A TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay making use of a foreign internal RNA control and a RNA standard was developed. Very interestingly, this method is capable of detecting human noroviruses belonging to genogroups I and II, and bovine noroviruses belonging to genogroup III. Inhibitors were removed efficiently by 1/10 dilution of the sample or addition of bovine serum albumin to the RT-PCR mix. This assay was validated with human and bovine stool samples previously tested for norovirus by conventional RT-PCR. The ability to detect norovirus in stool samples that were negative by conventional RT-PCR assay demonstrate the higher sensitivity of the TaqMan assay compared to the conventional RT-PCR assay. This real-time RT-PCR assay allows the detection of both human and bovine noroviruses, avoids false negative results and is able to quantify the level of norovirus contamination.
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PMID:Detection and quantification of human and bovine noroviruses by a TaqMan RT-PCR assay with a control for inhibition. 1842 68


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