Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nutrition is a final common pathway in chronic disease, and weight loss is a major manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In sub-Saharan Africa, studies have shown that 25% of children with malnutrition have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, although patterns of malnutrition are indistinguishable from those who are HIV negative. Breast-feeding increases the risk of vertical transmission, and the overall risk versus benefit needs continuing careful consideration in relation to local mortality from gastroenteritis and malnutrition. Chronic diarrhea is much more common in HIV-infected children in Africa and may have a multiplicity of causes, including infection with adherent forms of Escherichia coli, protozoa, and even direct HIV infection of intestinal mucosal cells. The HIV wasting syndrome produces reduction in bioelectrical impedence, fat, lean body mass, and body cell mass, but the changes can be predicted from equations used in starvation states. Micronutrients may be important, but observed changes may be due to immune mediator activation, rather than malnutrition. Calorie supplementation is beneficial when delivered by any route, but is likely to produce the greatest positive change when CD4 counts are highest in relation to calorie intake. Paradoxically, HIV-infected children may be obese early in the disease until AIDS develops. There is an inextricable link between disease and nutritional status. In children with AIDS wasting syndrome, a low CD4 count and high viral load are likely so that effective antiviral treatment may ultimately produce the greatest improvement in health, including nutritional status.
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PMID:Global issues in pediatric nutrition: AIDS. 978 58

The HIV/AIDS pandemic is creating a strain on health care services in the developing world, with knock-on consequences for HIV negative patients. We looked for possible changes over time in the patterns of illness and outcomes of admission to an adult medical unit in Zimbabwe. We performed a prospective descriptive study of discharge diagnoses and causes of in-hospital ;mortality for all medical patients under the care of one consultant at Mpilo Central Hospital, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Two similar 7-month periods were compared in 1992 and 2000. Data recorded included: initials, sex, alive or dead status, diagnosis and HIV/AIDS status. Similar numbers of patients were admitted in 1992 and 2000 (1305 and 1369), but in-hospital mortality increased from 13.3% to 28.6% (P < 0.001), especially in male patients (13.1% to 33.9% P < 0.001). Mortality rates increased for both infectious and non-communicable diseases such as cardiac failure, stroke and diabetes. The 10 most common diagnoses were similar, apart from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) cases, which increased from 18 to 90. The proportion of patients clinically or serologically positive for HIV/AIDS rose from 13.9% to 51.1% (P < 0.001), but the number of cases of the HIV wasting syndrome (SLIM)/chronic gastroenteritis did not change significantly. In 1992 there happened to be a large number of cases of malaria transmission. Mortality related to both communicable and non-communicable diseases increased, confirming that HIV negative patients are also being affected by the strain on health services. Although based on clinical and radiological diagnosis, PCP pneumonia appears to be increasingly common in this area.
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PMID:Increase in hospital mortality from non-communicable disease and HIV-related conditions in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, between 1992 and 2000. 1688 12