Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Only one of 167 separate isolates of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EEC) was shown to produce enterotoxin, and none of the 167 isolates were invasive. Clinical features of 123 hospitalized children with EEC were compared with those of 917 infants with nonbacterial gastroenteritis and 145 infants infected with Shigella. The average duration of diarrhea (five or more stools per day) in hospitalized children with EEC, nonbacterial gastroenteritis, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella sonnei was 4.6, 2.4, 5.1, and 2.5 days, respectively. The average duration of fever in these four groups was 1.4, 1.2, 2.1, and 1.2 days, respectively. The difference in duration of diarrhea between children with EEC and those with nonbacterial gastroenteritis was significant (P less than 0.001), even when age and rural/urban origin were controlled by analysis of variance. Nevertheless, the EEC group tended to be younger and to have a higher proportion of infants of rural origin. Although it appears that EEC serotypes rarely identify invasive or enterotoxin-producing organisms, clinical features of infants with EEC-associated gastroenteritis suggest that these infants may represent a distinctive and clinically important group with gastroenteritis of greater severity than nonbacterial gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory assessment of the pathogenicity of serotyped enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. 32 79

In December 1978, an unexpected outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred in a shoe factory. The clinical, epidemiological and laboratory investigations established the hydric origin of the dysentery due to Shigella flexneri 3 a, caused by the illicit communication of the drinking water and industrial water mains. The antiepidemic measures promptly taken arrested the outbreak in three days ; there were no secondary, contact cases.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the outbreak and control of an epidemic of bacillary dysentery of hydric origin]. 39 70

From October 23 to October 27, 1989, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred aboard a cruise ship in the Caribbean. The 818 passengers and 518 crew members were surveyed for gastrointestinal symptoms; 72 (14%) of 512 passengers and 12 (3%) of 388 crew members who answered the survey reported having a diarrheal illness. Multiple-antibiotic-resistant Shigella flexneri 4a was isolated from 19 ill passengers and two ill crew members. Thirteen people were hospitalized, and prolonged duration of illness was associated with taking an antibiotic to which the isolated strain of Shigella was resistant. A case-control study of food items implicated German potato salad as the vehicle of transmission. It was prepared and probably infected by a food handler from a country where multiple-antibiotic-resistant Shigella is common. Spread may have been facilitated by the limited availability of toilet facilities for the galley crew. This outbreak demonstrates how antibiotic-resistant strains can be introduced into the United States, where they can pose treatment problems. The continuing problem of foodborne gastrointestinal disease in settings such as cruise ships underscores the need for basic hygienic control for food handlers and food preparation areas. In addition, the availability of adequate working conditions for crew members, including appropriately furnished toilet facilities, may be important issues that must be addressed in order to decrease the frequency of diarrhea outbreaks aboard cruise ships.
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PMID:An outbreak of shigellosis aboard a cruise ship caused by a multiple-antibiotic-resistant strain of Shigella flexneri. 165 3

Shigella bacteremia is rare, occurring mainly in children. We describe five adult patients with Shigella bacteremia and review data on 22 cases reported in the English-language medical literature. Eighteen (67%) of 27 patients had either an underlying condition or were aged older than 65 years. Most patients had clinical signs of acute febrile gastroenteritis. However, in six patients, the organism was not isolated from stool. Species isolated from blood included Shigella flexneri in 11 patients, Shigella sonnei in eight, and Shigella boydii and Shigella dysenteriae in one patient each. Isolation of the bacterium from blood only was associated with a high mortality rate, in contrast to its isolation both from blood and stool. It is suggested that blood cultures should be obtained from elderly or immunocompromised patients with acute febrile gastroenteritis to detect shigellemia as well as bacteremia caused by other enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella or Campylobacter.
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PMID:Shigella bacteremia in adults. A report of five cases and review of the literature. 331 66

Invasive enteric pathogens of the Salmonella or Shigella genera initiate infections by invading the intestinal epithelium. Depending on the species, salmonellae either translocate across the mucosa of the small intestine and cause a systemic febrile disease or they evoke a localized inflammatory response in discreet areas of the infected mucosa. The latter type of infection is characterized by gastroenteritis, and a choleragen-like enterotoxin may contribute to the symptomology. Shigellae can also evoke diarrheal episodes; however, classic shigellosis is characterized by localized invasion of the colonic epithelium, with inflammation and ulceration of the mucosa. Derangement of the colonic mucosa is manifested in the bloody, mucoid stool characteristic of bacillary dysentery. Genetic analysis of invasive enteric pathogens has shown that extrachromosomal elements (plasmids) are required for full expression of virulence in Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella sonnei, and Shigella flexneri. In the latter species, at least three chromosomal regions are also necessary for virulence.
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PMID:Invasive enteric pathogens. 635 90

Two cases of bacteraemia with Shigella flexneri 2a in children are described. They illustrate the wide variety of clinical manifestations of shigellosis, ranging from benign gastroenteritis to septicaemia associated with severe extra-intestinal manifestations.
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PMID:Shigella and shigellaemia. 701 8

During a 2-year prospective study of children hospitalized with gastroenteritis, shigellosis was detected in 66 cases (9 per cent of 726 admissions). The age group for peak shigella incidence was 1-4 years. The incidence increased from 8 per cent in 1991, to 11 per cent in 1992. Shigella flexneri was the most common isolate (65 per cent), followed by Shigella sonnei (17 per cent), Shigella boydi (11 per cent), and Shigella dysenteriae (7 per cent). At presentation, 44 per cent had watery diarrhoea, followed by dysentery during hospitalization in the majority of cases. Seizures occurred in 27 per cent of cases and preceded diarrhoea in 15 per cent. Most Shigella flexneri and dysenteriae strains were resistant to co-trimoxazole, ampicillin, tetracyclin, and chloramphenicol. Nalidixic acid, gentamicin and cefotaxime were the most effective antibacterial agents. Case fatality was 3 per cent associated with strains resistant to the antibiotics used initially in the treatment.
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PMID:Shigellosis in Jordanian children: a clinico-epidemiologic prospective study and susceptibility to antibiotics. 785 41

During the period from April 1992 to April 1993 at the Clinic for infectious Disease in Sarajevo were hospitalized 213 patients. The major causative agents were different kinds of Shigella. Shigella sonnei with 159 (74.6%) was the most frequent isolated organism, then subsequent Shigella species with 38 (23.9%) and Shigella flexneri 3 with 23 (14.5%). Bacillary dysentery (Shigellosis) was manifested as acute gastroenteritis with 60 patients (37.7%). This disease was manifested in the form of acute enterocolitis in the same number and there were also 39 cases or 24.5% of enterocolitis acuta haemorrhagica. The patients were treated with symptomatic or dietary regimen in 69 (43.4%). As a specific therapy 36 (22.6%) patients were received Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 28 (17.6%) Chloramphenicol and 24 (15.1%) Pefloxacin, 56 patients were treated with Nifuroxazid (Ercefuryl) only. The most sensitivity of isolated organism were shown up against Pefloxacin (100%), aminoglycosides (99.4%), Chloramphenicol (96.9%) and Cephalosporins (60.4%). The lowest sensitivity, at the same rate had Ampicillin and Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. All patients were recovered, there were no complications. The diseases were manifested as acute gastroenterocolitis (28 or 13.1%), and acute enterocolitis (17 or 8.0%) at the patients with bacteriological unknown causative agents. Salmonella was recorded at 9 patients.
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PMID:[Diarrheal disease in hospitalized patients during the first year of the war]. 796 96

A syndrome of alopecia and weight loss in a colony of 10 western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Gabon during a 3-yr period was apparently due to a dietary protein deficiency, with nine individuals affected to some extent. The most severely afflicted was a 4-yr-old female who eventually died as a result of acute gastroenteritis caused by Shigella flexneri. Clinical signs included chronic alopecia, hair discoloration, failure to thrive, and weight loss, and their severity was directly correlated with the degree of hypoalbuminemia (12 g/L in the most extreme case) and normocytic normochromic anemia. Preliminary clinical tests and autopsy results suggested a dietary protein or amino acid deficiency as the cause of the hypoalbuminemia, and further analyses of serum amino acid and protein levels were consistent with a diagnosis of dietary protein deficiency. Supplementation of the colony diet with a protein preparation for humans produced a rapid amelioration of signs and improvement in body and coat condition, a normalization of serum albumin and total protein levels, and disappearance of the anemia in all affected animals except a 12-yr-old male, who responded well to treatment with anabolic steroids. The natural diet of western lowland gorillas is surprisingly high in protein, and the dietary protein requirement of captive gorillas may be increased as a result of the absence of commensal gastrointestinal ciliates.
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PMID:Protein deficiency in a colony of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla) 980 96

An investigation on the prevalence of Aeromonas in gastrointestinal illnesses of pediatric inpatients 1 month to 3 years of age was conducted from February 1997 through January 1998 in Madras. Sixteen Aeromonas spp. were isolated from 11 male and five female children among the 341 pediatric inpatients suffering from acute diarrhoea. A. caviae, which was isolated from nine cases, was found to be the most predominant isolate, followed by A. veronii biovar sobria, isolated from six cases, and A. hydrophila, isolated from one case. Shigella flexneri was recovered along with Aeromonas veronii biotype sobria serotype 035 from one 5-month-old female child. We did not notice any seasonal pattern in the association between Aeromonas and childhood gastroenteritis. None of the 147 stool samples obtained from age-matched non-diarrhoeic control children yielded Aeromonas spp. Isolation of Aeromonas spp. from patients suffering from gastroenteritis was found to be significant (chi 2 = 7.1312; P = 0.008, < 0.01). Among the 16 Aeromonas isolates, seven isolates of A. caviae and two isolates of A. veronii biovar sobria induced a secretory response in rabbit intestinal mucosa mounted in Ussing chambers as demonstrated by a significant increase in the short circuit current. Nine of the 16 Aeromonas isolates, including three isolates of A. caviae, five isolates of A. veronii biovar sobria, and the solitary isolate of A. hydrophila were also cytotoxic to CHO cells. Five of the six isolates of A. veronii biovar sobria and the A. hydrophila isolate produced hemolysin. The results of this study indicate that Aeromonas species are important causative agents of diarrhoea in childhood gastroenteritis and are prevalent throughout the year in Madras.
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PMID:Prevalence, in-vitro secretory activity, and cytotoxicity of Aeromonas species associated with childhood gastroenteritis in Chennai (Madras), India. 1021 27


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