Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recombinant DNA technology appears to be on the verge of producing safe and effective protein vaccines for animal and human diseases. The procedure is applicable to most viruses because their isolated surface proteins generally possess immunogenic activity. Strategies used for the preparation and cloning of the appropriate genes depend on the characteristics of the viral genomes: whether DNA or RNA; their size, strandedness, and segmentation; and whether messenger RNA are monocistronic or polycistronic. Cloned surface proteins of foot-and-mouth disease and hepatitis B viruses are being tested for possible use as practical vaccines. Two doses of the cloned foot-and-mouth disease viral protein have elicited large amounts of neutralizing antibody and have protected cattle and swine against challenge exposure with the virus. Surface proteins have also been cloned for the viruses of fowl plague, influenza, vesicular stomatitis, rabies, and herpes simplex. Cloning is in progress for surface proteins of viruses causing canine parvovirus gastroenteritis, human papillomas, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Rift Valley fever, and paramyxovirus diseases. In addition, advances in recombinant DNA and other facilitating technologies have rekindled interest in the chemical synthesis of polypeptide vaccines for viral diseases. The bioengineering of bacterial vaccines is also under way. Proteinaceous pili of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are being produced in E coli K-12 strains for use as vaccines against neonatal diarrheal diseases of livestock.
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PMID:Recombinant DNA technology for the preparation of subunit vaccines. 612 35

A number of apparently normal dog stool samples, randomly collected on the sidewalks of Paris were examined by Electron Microscopy. The study revealed the presence of viral particles in 27 cases. Morphological criteria lead to the characterization of rotavirus in 2 specimen, coronavirus in 7 and parvovirus in 5. Rotavirus particles appeared always alone while coronavirus and parvovirus particles were present together in 5 cases. Similar particles have been implicated in animal and human gastroenteritis. The importance of their presence in canine dejections is discussed in view of pollution by dog stools of urban and suburban areas.
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PMID:Electron microscopy detection and characterization of viral particles in dog stools. 625 77

Of a variety of disinfectants evaluated, only sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide inactivated porcine parvovirus (PPV) after a 5-minute incubation period. After the same incubation time, pseudorabies and transmissible gastroenteritis viruses were inactivated by all of the disinfectants tested. When the incubation time was increased to 20 minutes, 2% glutaraldehyde and a double-strength concentration of a commercial formaldehyde preparation also inactivated PPV. Formaldehyde vapor and ultraviolet radiations inactivated PPV also, but relatively long exposure times were required.
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PMID:Laboratory evaluation of selected disinfectants as virucidal agents against porcine parvovirus, pseudorabies virus, and transmissible gastroenteritis virus. 626 67

Many of the small round human fecal viruses implicated in outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis have been collected together and examined under the electron microscope. Negatively stained preparations without the addition of antibody were used so that the surface morphology of the virus particles remained clearly visible. It was apparent that several viruses, previously thought to be simply antigenic variants within the Norwalk group of viruses, show distinct morphological differences and quite clearly belong to other virus groups. By comparing the features of all the viruses examined in this study, both with each other and with standard cell culture strains of enterovirus, parvovirus, and calicivirus, it has been possible to propose an interim classification scheme, based primarily on the morphological appearance of the particles and supported by estimations of size and buoyant density.
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PMID:The electron microscopical and physical characteristics of small round human fecal viruses: an interim scheme for classification. 628 60

Between June 1979 and July 1980, faecal specimens were collected from 100 children in Efate, Vanuatu, and examined for the presence of virus-like particles by direct negative staining electron microscopy. Of the children, 40 were hospital patients 22 of whom had gastroenteritis and 18 had other illnesses. The remaining 60 children were apparently healthy controls. Coronavirus-like particles were the most common agents encountered and were detected in approximately 20% of all three groups of children. Particles with the morphological features of calicivirus, astrovirus, adenovirus and parvovirus were also detected.
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PMID:Coronavirus-like particles and other agents in the faeces of children in Efate, Vanuatu. 629 16

An electron microscopic study was carried out on specimens of feces and intestinal contents from cases of canine gastroenteritis submitted to the Diagnostic Laboratory, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, during 1979-1981. The majority of samples came from New York State and the Northeast with no marked shift in distribution over the three year period. Canine parvovirus was the major virus identified. In August and September 1980 there was an epidemic of canine gastroenteritis, with 247 samples received during this two month period alone, of which 48 percent were positive for canine parvovirus. Almost half of the total number of specimens examined were from dogs less than 6 months of age and well over 50 percent of these were parvovirus positive. In addition to canine parvovirus, three cases of coronavirus, two cases of rota-like virus and one case of astro-like virus were detected. Three dual infections with canine parvovirus and rota or astro-like virus were also confirmed. An unidentified virus-like particle with cubic symmetry was found in two specimens. The adoption of immunoelectron microscopy for the detection of canine parvovirus in March 1980 facilitated identification of this virus and greatly increased the sensitivity of the technique.
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PMID:An electron microscopic study of viruses associated with canine gastroenteritis. 633 81

Nausea and vomiting occur commonly with gastroenteritis caused by parvovirus-like agents. Infection results in histologic injury to the small bowel mucosa, but the gastric mucosa remains unaffected. We have studied gastric emptying of liquids serially in 10 volunteers before and after ingestion of the parvovirus-like agents, Norwalk and Hawaii viruses. The five subjects who developed illness all showed marked delays in gastric emptying, while the five well subjects had no alteration of emptying. Five addition volunteers who developed Norwalk virus gastroenteritis underwent serial studies of gastric secretion of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor. No change was detected in either basal or betazole-stimulated secretion of these three substances during the course of illness. The nausea and vomiting accompanying this type of viral gastroenteritis may result from abnormal gastric motor function.
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PMID:Abnormal gastric motor function in viral gastroenteritis. 676 95

A questionnaire sent to all veterinary practitioners in Australia and many in New Zealand asking for details of their experience with canine parvovirus infections in 1980 elicited the following information. In 1980 explosive outbreaks of disease occurred in most parts of Australia. There was no obvious pattern of spread over the continent as a whole. In many cases outbreaks in country areas occurred after dog shows. Canine parvovirus enteritis affected all age groups with an overall mortality of 16 per cent. While the death rate in the young was high, most dogs responded well to fluid therapy. Canine parvovirus did not appear to be associated with clinical entities other than gastroenteritis and myocarditis. No connection with reproductive problems was established. Killed canine parvovirus vaccines were used extensively after the initial release for sale in July 1980. The vaccines appeared to be safe and effective at least in the short term. Problems arose only in vaccination of very young animals.
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PMID:Canine parvovirus infection in Australia during 1980. 711 69

To determine whether resistance to canine parvovirus (CPV) gastroenteritis is mediated by local or systemic immunity or both, an enzyme-linked immunospecific antibody assay (ELISA) was developed that quantitated different classes of antibody to CPV. Antibody levels in serum and feces of dogs with CPV-associated gastroenteritis were compared with their clinical signs and viral hemagglutination (HA) titers. Dogs with high levels of CPV coproantibody had a favorable clinical prognosis, high serum antibody levels (hemagglutination inhibition [HI] and ELISA), and low viral HA titers in feces. Conversely, dogs with little or no detectable CPV coproantibody had severe clinical signs and associated mortality rates and high viral HA titers in feces. Many of these dogs had high HI antibody titers. Statistical analysis revealed that only coproantibody level correlated (inversely) with HA titer; serum antibody, whether measured by HI or ELISA, did not. These data suggest that local intestinal immunity is more important than humoral immunity in developing immunological resistance to CPV gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Comparison of systemic and local immunity in dogs with canine parvovirus gastroenteritis. 715 59

In 1979 a canine parvovirus infection was widespread among dogs in Sweden. During the epizootic faecal samples were taken for bacteriological examination from 77 hospitalised dogs at an animal clinic. Forty-nine of the dogs had signs of gastroenteritis and they were all infected with canine parvovirus according to serological investigations. The remaining 28 dogs were referred to the clinic for other reasons. Campylobacter was isolated from 23 out of the 49 dogs with gastroenteritis and from 4 out of 28 dogs lacking symptoms of enteritis. The significance of these findings is discussed.
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PMID:Concomitant occurrence of Campylobacter and parvoviruses in dogs with gastroenteritis. 734 13


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