Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Total 45 patients (male 27 and female 18) of acute renal failure (ARF) admitted in Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital over a period of 12 months (1st of Baisakh 2064 BS to 31st of Chaitra 2064 BS) were enrolled in the study. Sixty four percent of study population were of age group 21-60 years. Acute Gastroenteritis 33, sepsis 5, hemorrhage 2, others 5 were the different causes of ARF. Serum creatinine of the study population before and after treatment was 4.35 +/- 2.72 and 1.38 +/- 0.72 mg/dl respectively. Similarly serum urea before and after treatment was 101.78 +/- 57.56 and 42.60 +/- 30.46 mg/dl respectively. Thirty three patients were managed by non dialytic modality of therapy and 12 patients needed hemodialysis. Blood urea of those patients who underwent nondialytic therapy was significantly less than of those who underwent hemodialysis (80.65 +/- 38.21 vs. 151.08 +/- 66.22; p = 0.004). Serum creatinine was also significantly lower in nondialytic therapy group (3.15 +/- 1.15 vs. 7.64 +/- 3.10; p = 0.000) ARF patients with very high urea, creatinine and disturbed electrolytes required dialysis. Average session of hemodialysis was 3.4. Thirty five patients were cured, 6 left against medical advice, 3 were discharged on request, and one patient of sepsis expired during the course of treatment. Acute gastroenteritis was the leading cause of ARF and outcome was excellent even without dialysis in most of the cases provided the treatment was started early and appropriately.
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PMID:Acute renal failure in Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital. 1882 39

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases, affecting children worldwide. Viruses are recognized as a major cause of this disease, particularly in children. Since the Norwalk virus was identified as a cause of gastroenteritis, the number of viral agents associated with diarrheal disease in humans has progressively increased. Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children under 5 years of age. Human astroviruses, caliciviruses and enteric adenovirus are also important etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis. Other viruses such as toroviruses, coronaviruses, picobirnaviruses, Aichi virus and human bocavirus are increasingly being identified as causative agents of diarrhea. Vaccination against rotavirus could prevent cases of severe diarrhea and reduce the mortality attributable to this disease.
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PMID:[Rotavirus and other viruses causing acute childhood gastroenteritis]. 1910 Jan 69

Acute gastroenteritis is a common reason for children to seek health care. Among the potential complications of acute gastroenteritis, the most common is dehydration. For mild to moderate dehydration, treatment options include oral and intravenous rehydration. Outpatient treatment failure for either method, when it occurs, is often due to persistent nausea and vomiting. Some authorities have suggested that the early administration of dextrose to patients receiving intravenous rehydration may help terminate vomiting and result in fewer outpatient treatment failures. The purpose of this report was to review the evidence supporting the effectiveness of early intravenous dextrose administration in the outpatient management of dehydration in children with acute gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Rehydration: role for early use of intravenous dextrose. 1914 16

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Europe, viruses are responsible for most episodes of gastroenteritis, and among these, rotaviruses are associated with most AGE in children under the age of 2 years, and noroviruses in older ages. Classical methods for laboratory diagnosis leave between 60 and 70% of cases undiagnosed. Most cases in which the etiology is unknown are probably caused by viruses. Through the use of molecular methods (nucleic acid amplification) with greatly improved sensitivity and specificity, this diagnostic gap in AGE can be greatly reduced. Molecular methods are particularly advantageous in the detection of viruses, and in particular, in that of noroviruses and rotaviruses. The high incidence and transmissibility of noroviruses has a major impact on public health, and noroviruses are the major cause of outbreaks of AGE worldwide. Rotaviruses are the major cause of severe acute infantile AGE throughout the world. As well as serving as tools for diagnosis, molecular methods are essential for the genetic characterization of co-circulating strains. Through the use of molecular methods, the true incidence of viral AGE can be more accurately established, and the role of novel viruses in this highly common syndrome can be assessed.
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PMID:[Molecular methods for the diagnosis of acute viral gastroenteritis]. 1919 51

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases worldwide, with viruses, particularly noroviruses, being the leading cause in developed countries. In The Netherlands, systematic surveillance of gastroenteritis outbreaks of suspected viral etiology was established by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment in 1994. Since 2002, the total number of outbreaks reported has been increasing, and with that comes the need for sensitive assays that can be performed quickly. In addition, the diagnostic demand changed so that now the proportion of samples from hospitals is higher and there is a need for patient-based test results. In order to target the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis, we reviewed our data on outbreaks of gastroenteritis and the prevalence of individual viruses to provide a priority list of viruses for which samples should be evaluated. Random primers were used to replace the separate specific primers for each virus used in the reverse transcription steps. The individual PCR assays were replaced by multiplex PCR assays. We employed a two-step method in which in the first step we screened for the most common causes of viral gastroenteritis, noroviruses of genogroup II and rotaviruses of group A, with equine arteritis virus used as the internal control. Subsequently, in the second step, two parallel PCR assays were developed for the detection of noroviruses of genogroup I and equine arteritis virus in one run and adenoviruses, sapoviruses, and astroviruses in the other run. The specificities of the assays were calculated to be 92.5% for the assay for noroviruses of genogroup I and 100% for the assays for all other viruses, the detection limits were equal for all viruses, and the turnaround time was reduced to 1 day compared to the at least 3 days required for the methods used previously. This approach allows the targeted, rapid, and cost-effective elucidation of the causes of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks.
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PMID:Novel approach for detection of enteric viruses to enable syndrome surveillance of acute viral gastroenteritis. 1933 72

Acute gastroenteritis caused by viruses is one of the leading causes of infantile morbidity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of human caliciviruses of the genera norovirus and sapovirus in children up to 3 years of age with acute gastroenteritis from low-income communities in the city of Salvador, Brazil. This study is an extension of previous work carried out to establish the profile of the most prevalent enteric pathogens present in these communities. In this report, 139 fecal samples, collected from July 2001 to January 2002 were analyzed by RT-PCR and 13 (9%) were positive for human caliciviruses. By sequencing, seven isolates were characterized as norovirus genogroup GII and one as sapovirus genotype GII/1. Sequencing of the previously detected group-A rotaviruses and human astroviruses was also performed and revealed the circulation of rotavirus group A genotypes G1P[8] and G9P[8], and human astrovirus genotypes 6, 7, and 8. No mixed infection was observed. Community-based studies provide geographically representative information on disease burden. However, there are only a few reports in developing countries concerning the genotypes of the most important gastroenteric viruses detected in such communities. The present findings demonstrate the wide diversity of genotypes of the most important viruses responsible for acute gastroenteritis circulating in low-income communities.
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PMID:Detection of caliciviruses associated with acute infantile gastroenteritis in Salvador, an urban center in Northeast Brazil. 1937 93

Acute gastroenteritis is an important health problem that it affects children and adults, especially the elderly. It is estimated that virus can account for 80% of totality of gastroenteritis. The true magnitude of these processes is difficult to consider since the more or less slight cases usually pass through the systems of notification and monitoring unnoticed. In Catalonia 261,222 cases of enteritis and diarrhoeas were declared during 2006, which is equivalent to an incidence rate of 3,661/100,000 persons/year. In order to contribute to a better knowledge of the relevance of gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by norovirus in Catalonia, a study was carried out to assess the clinical-epidemiological features of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks occurring during one year. The results obtained indicate that although Salmonella is still the most frequent causal agent implied (41%; 74 of 180) in gastroenteritis outbreaks of known aetiology, the second causal agent is norovirus (33.3%; 60 of 180). The greater knowledge of the characteristics and the ascertainment of molecular methods in the diagnosis of these outbreaks translated in a reduction in the number of gastroenteritis outbreaks of any aetiology and especially of those caused by norovirus.
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PMID:[Clinical and epidemiological study of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in catalonia]. 2011 14

Acute gastroenteritis is common in childhood. The estimation of the degree of dehydration is essential for management of acute gastroenteritis. Plasma water was assessed as a diagnostic tool in children with acute gastroenteritis and dehydration admitted to hospital. In a prospective cohort study, 101 patients presenting at the emergency department with dehydration were included. Clinical assessment, routine laboratory tests, and plasma water measurement were performed. Plasma water was measured as a percentage of water content using dry weight method. During admission, patients were rehydrated in 12 h. Weight gain at the end of the rehydration period and 2 weeks thereafter was used to determine the percentage of weight loss as a gold standard for the severity of dehydration. Clinical assessment of dehydration was not significantly associated with the percentage of weight loss. Blood urea nitrogen (r = 0.3, p = 0.03), base excess (r =-0.31, p = 0.03), and serum bicarbonate (r = 0.32, p = 0.02) were significantly correlated with the percentage of weight loss. Plasma water did not correlate with the percentage of weight loss. On the basis of the presented data, plasma water should not be used as a diagnostic tool in the assessment of dehydration in children with acute gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Plasma water as a diagnostic tool in the assessment of dehydration in children with acute gastroenteritis. 2012 11

Acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and young children in Africa. From 1997 through 2007, we enrolled 3740 children <5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis who received hospital care at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. Group A rotavirus was detected in fecal specimens by enzyme immunoassay. Rotavirus strains were characterized for VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) types with use of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Overall, rotavirus was detected in one-third of children. The median age of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis was 7.8 months, compared with 10.9 months for those without rotavirus in stool specimens (P > .001). Rotavirus circulated throughout the year, with the detection proportion greatest during the dry season (from May through October). A total of 15 single rotavirus strain types were detected during the study period, with genotypes P[8]G1, P[6]G8, P[4]G8, P[6]G1, P[8]G3, and P[6]G9 comprising 83% of all strains characterized. Serotype G12 was detected for the first time in Blantyre during the final 2 years of study. Zoonotic transmission and viral reassortment contributed to the rich diversity of strains identified. Current rotavirus vaccines have the potential to greatly reduce the rotavirus disease burden in Malawi, but they will be required to protect against a broad range of rotavirus serotypes in a young population with year-round rotavirus exposure.
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PMID:Epidemiology of rotavirus infection in children in Blantyre, Malawi, 1997-2007. 2068 98

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common infectious diseases of childhood. Its symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. In the emergency ward, intravenous rather than oral rehydration is usually preferred because of the high likelihood of emesis. Treatments to reduce emesis are of value in improving the rehydration procedure. Our study is a double-blind randomized trial and proposes the use of ondansetron as an antiemetic drug to treat children with acute gas-troenteritis. Seventy-four in-patients, aged 3 months to 15 years, were enrolled and randomly assigned to an ondansetron or placebo group. Inclusion criteria were the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis and the absence of other diseases or allergies to drugs. A single bolus (0.15 mg/kg) of ondansetron was injected intravenously; normal 0.9% saline solution was used as a placebo. This treatment induced vomiting cessation in the ondansetron group significantly in comparison to the placebo group. The length of the hospital stay and the oral rehydration fluid volume were similar in the two groups and no adverse effects were noticed. Thus, safety, low cost, and overall benefit of ondansetron treatment suggests that this drug can be administered successfully to children with acute gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Efficacy of intravenous ondansetron to prevent vomiting episodes in acute gastroenteritis: a randomized, double blind, and controlled trial. 2158 30


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