Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The intestinal permeability of specific pathogen free piglets has been studied by measuring the concentration of 14C in the blood after oral administration of 14C polyethylene glycol (14C PEG, MW = 4000) and the concentration of 131I in the faeces after intraperitoneal administration of 131I porcine albumin (131I PA, MW = 68,000). The tests were performed one day before and up to two days after the piglets were infected with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus. Jejunal biopsies were taken from two piglets before the experimental infection, from two piglets 12 h after the experimental infection and from five piglets at the end of the experiment, 46 h after infection. Blood samples were taken six-hourly and faecal samples several times. Some piglets vomited before diarrhoea and loss of appetite started at 14 h after infection; the packed cell volume decreased before but increased after infection. Morphological examination showed hyperregenerative villous atrophy at 46 h after infection. There was no increase in the permeation of 14C PEG but there was a significant increase in the flux of 131I PA from the blood to the gut lumen.
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PMID:Intestinal permeability to polyethylene glycol 4000 and porcine albumin in piglets infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. 253 34

The in vitro permeabilities of 14C labeled dextrans (10, 40, and 70 kD) were calculated from mass transport across Peyer's patches and non-patch tissues derived from rabbit jejunum, and a human colon cell line (Caco-2) grown as a monolayer on polycarbonate filters. Size distribution of dextrans did not change upon transport as judged from size exclusion chromatography. Permeabilities decreased in a size-dependent manner. Ranking of permeabilities for dextran 10 and 40 kD were: Caco-2 > non-patch tissue > Peyer's patches; while dextran 70 kD demonstrated no difference among the barriers. Tissue resistance, expressed as 1/(permeability.tissue thickness) was virtually the same in Peyer's patches and non-patch tissue, suggesting that tissue thickness and not interaction determines the difference in permeability. ATP depletion with ouabain, Na(+)-azide and 2-deoxy-D-glucose, and low temperature (4 degrees C) did not result in reduced permeabilities suggesting passive transport. The results suggest that the investigated intestinal barriers transport dextrans in a similar fashion independent of their source. However, comparison of the ratios dextran 10 kD/mannitol and PEG 900/mannitol between rabbit tissue and Caco-2 monolayers suggests Caco-2 monolayers may serve as a model to study absorption potential of potentially harmful compounds in coeliac disease, gastroenteritis, and colon carcinoma.
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PMID:Mechanism of dextran transport across rabbit intestinal tissue and a human colon cell-line (CACO-2). 754 76

Detection of pathogenic viruses in oysters implicated in gastroenteritis outbreaks is often hampered by time-consuming, specialist virus extraction methods. Five virus RNA extraction methods were evaluated with respect to performance characteristics and sensitivity on artificially contaminated oyster digestive glands. The two most promising procedures were further evaluated on bioaccumulated and naturally contaminated oysters. The most efficient method was used to trace the source in an outbreak situation. Out of five RNA extraction protocols, PEG precipitation and the RNeasy Kit performed best with norovirus genogroup III-spiked digestive glands. Analyzing 24-h bioaccumulated oysters revealed a slightly better sensitivity with PEG precipitation, but the RNeasy Kit was less prone to concentrate inhibitors. The latter procedure demonstrated the presence of human noroviruses in naturally contaminated oysters and oysters implicated in an outbreak. In this outbreak, in four out of nine individually analyzed digestive glands, norovirus was detected. In one of the oysters and in one of the fecal samples of the clinical cases, identical norovirus strains were detected. A standard and rapid virus extraction method using the RNeasy Kit appeared to be most useful in tracing shellfish as the source in gastroenteritis outbreaks, and to be able to make effective and timely risk management decisions.
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PMID:Rapid virus detection procedure for molecular tracing of shellfish associated with disease outbreaks. 1747 68

Food-borne viral infections are caused mainly by noroviruses (NoV) and the hepatitis A virus (HAV), which respectively cause gastroenteritis and hepatitis. Various foods have been implicated in viral outbreaks, including vegetables that are consumed in a variety of forms, often with salad dressing. NF EN ISO procedures (15216-1:2017) propose standard methods for quantifying NoV and HAV in high-risk food categories, such as vegetables, based on viral elution and PEG concentration methods, but these methods are not suitable for composite meals like salads dressed with oily, fatty or emulsified food ingredients. The development of sensitive and reliable techniques for the detection of viruses in these products is therefore needed to ensure the safety of these products. The aim of this study was to develop an RT-qPCR based method for the detection and quantification of NoV and HAV in various vegetables with different dressings. Three methods for recovering NoV and HAV from artificially contaminated dressed vegetables were evaluated. The selected method was based on the use of Trizol reagent and, according to the type of dressing, the limit of detection ranged from 104 to 106 genome copies/g for NoV and from 102 to 103 PFU/g for HAV. The described method can be applied for detecting NoV and HAV in food containing salad dressing for routine diagnosis needs.
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PMID:Development of an extraction method to detect enteric viruses in dressed vegetables. 3163 88