Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven children were identified as being seropositive for HIV-1 at the Ethio-Swedish Children's Hospital, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia between January 1988 and September 1989. The diagnosis was confirmed by both ELISA and Western blot methods performed at the National Research Institute of Health, Special Laboratory for AIDS. The mean age was 2 years and 5 months, with a range of 1 week to 10 years. There were 7 boys and 4 girls. The most common admitting diagnoses were pneumonia (5), gastroenteritis (5), marasmus (5), disseminated tuberculosis (4), and abandonment (3). One patient had extensive facial molluscum contagiosum. Symptoms at admission or during hospitalization included diarrhoea (9), failure to thrive (8), fever (7), and cough (7). Physical findings included hepatosplenomegaly (5), lymphadenopathy (3), and oral candidiasis (2). No patient with an opportunistic infection or radiographic evidence of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) was identified. Five patients were classified as marasmic and 4 as underweight. Evidence suggestive of encephalopathy (developmental delay and/or microcephaly) was present in 5 patients. The VDRL was non-reactive in the 5 patients in whom it was tested. Nine children were presumed to have acquired the infection by perinatal transmission, though the passive transfer of maternal antibodies or postnatally acquired infection could not be excluded. One child was thought to have acquired the infection by blood transfusion. Three children died during their hospital stay. Paediatric HIV infection exists in Ethiopia; however, these children do not present with characteristic opportunistic infections but with signs and symptoms reflecting the most common paediatric problems seen in the country. Prevention of HIV infection in children entails the prevention of infection in women of childbearing age, counselling of infected women, and effective screening of blood products.
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PMID:Clinical and epidemiological features of HIV-1 seropositive hospitalized Ethiopian children. 206 May 7

Two distinct processes contribute to the spectrum of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-induced pathology. In the first instance, cytopathic effects appear to occur as a direct result of virus replication. This type of disease is characterized by persistent HCMV infection of neural or gastrointestinal tissue, which results in HCMV retinitis, encephalitis, hepatitis, or gastroenteritis. Direct cytopathic effects of HCMV are associated with congenitally acquired or acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related manifestations of HCMV infection. A second type of HCMV-associated disease process is driven by immunopathologic mechanisms and results in variable mononucleosis-like syndromes and/or pneumonia in normal or partially immunosuppressed individuals. Human cytomegalovirus-associated interstitial pneumonia appears to derive from a combination of these two types of disease processes. Here, persistent viral infection, immunopathologic mechanisms, and virus-induced expression or repression of cellular genes each constitutes an important factor in pathogenesis. An understanding of the multiple underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis is crucial to devising optimum treatment approaches.
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PMID:Epidemiology and pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus disease. 216 Jan 29

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced interstitial pneumonitis is a well-known lethal complication in bone marrow recipients. CMV is also known to cause gastroenteritis. We report the first case of a bone marrow recipient who developed CMV-induced gastritis which is verified both histologically and virologically. The gastritis preceded the interstitial pneumonitis which was detected in an early stage and was successfully treated. We propose that bone marrow recipients who show signs and symptoms of gastritis undergo an endoscopic examination, and that biopsied specimens should be scrutinized for CMV by both histological examination and culture investigation.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus-induced gastritis in a bone marrow transplant patient. 217 18

After allogeneic bone marrow transplantation certain patterns of infectious complications emerge that follow the clinical course, are correlated to the immunobiology of transplantation and are almost predictable in their character and expression. The preparative regimen, designed to generate complete aplasia, will be associated with severe and sometimes life-threatening bacterial infections, predominantly with Gram-negative organisms derived from bowel flora, but also Gram-positive skin saprophytes. In this early aplastic phase, life-threatening viral infections are less common, consisting mainly of herpes simplex and possibly Epstein-Barr stomatitis and BK papovavirus cystitis. Systemic infections with invasive filamentous fungi are rare and are seen only when the induced aplasia is markedly prolonged. Once early marrow recovery has been achieved, systemic infections will generally disappear unless acute graft-vs.-host disease develops. This complication, which will lead to the breakdown of natural barriers such as skin and gastrointestinal epithelium and the marked impairment of all systemic defense mechanisms, can cause polymicrobial infections as well as set the stage for life-threatening viral infections. Such opportunistic viral infections, leading to either interstitial pneumonia or hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, are the major threat in the early recovery phase after engraftment has taken place. Usually caused by cytomegalovirus and rotavirus, respectively, these infections are the primary expression of the severe combined immunodeficiency post transplant, statistically associated with the presence of acute graft-vs.-host disease and amenable to immunologic manipulations. With the recovery of cellular and humoral immune function derived from transplanted donor lymphoid cells, the third phase of infectious complications is reached, covering 3 months to 2 years post grafting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Infections and immunodeficiency in bone marrow transplantation. 304 57

Thirty-four, 9- to 11-week-old, male castrated, crossbred, specific pathogen-free derived pigs were exposed to a T-2 toxin aerosol at a nebulized dose of 0 or 9 mg/kg in pairs, each pair consisting of 1 control and 1 T-2 treated pig which were exposed on the same day. Twenty to 30% of the toxin (1.8 to 2.7 mg/kg) was retained by the pigs. Five pairs were killed on each of 1, 3 and 7 days after dosing. Two pairs of pigs were designated as a 0.33-day group when one T-2 treated pig died and the other was killed in a moribund state at 8 to 10 hours after dosing. The pulmonary and systemic immunity and morphologic changes of the lungs and other organs were examined. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to obtain alveolar macrophages (AM) and pulmonary lymphocytes (PL). The phagocytic ability of AM and mitogen-induced blastogenic responses of enriched PL and peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated. Clinically, all of the T-2 treated pigs vomited and were cyanotic, anorexic, lethargic and laterally recumbent. In the 0.33-, 1-, and 3-day T-2 treated pigs, there was a marked reduction in AM phagocytosis and mitogen-induced blastogenic responses of PL but not of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mild to moderate, multifocal interstitial pneumonia was seen in the majority of the T-2 treated pigs. In pigs dying following inhalation of T-2 toxin, there was a more severe pneumonia, as well as marked necrosis of lymphoid tissues, severe necrohemorrhagic gastroenteritis and edema of the gall bladder wall, and multifocal necrosis of the heart and pancreas. Thus, inhalation exposure to T-2 toxin can result in clinical signs and morphologic changes resembling those reported previously in pigs given T-2 toxin intravascularly (iv) at a dose of 1.2 mg/kg (approximate LD50) or greater, as well as death. Mild pulmonary injury as well as transient impairment of pulmonary immunity was present in pigs surviving inhalation exposure.
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PMID:Experimental T-2 toxicosis in swine following inhalation exposure: effects on pulmonary and systemic immunity, and morphologic changes. 368 91

Forty-seven common dolphins (Delphinus delphis ponticus) were stranded on the northern shores of the Black Sea between mid-July and early September 1994, more than in previous or subsequent years. Two of the 47 dolphins were examined in detail to try to determine the cause of the increased stranding rate. Their lesions included broncho-interstitial pneumonia with type II epithelial cell hyperplasia and multinucleate syncytial cells, neuronal necrosis, gliosis, and non-suppurative meningitis of the brain, necrotic stomatitis, gastroenteritis and cholangitis, and lymphoid depletion of the spleen and lymph nodes. The diseased tissues stained positive in an immunoperoxidase test, using a polyclonal antiserum to measles virus as the primary antibody, and electron microscopy showed that they contained regularly-shaped intranuclear particles about 22 nm in diameter. They were positive by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the nucleoprotein gene of morbillivirus. However, there was no evidence of morbillivirus in frozen tissues either by virus isolation or by antigen capture ELISA. The concentration of sigma DDTS in the blubber of both dolphins was about 50 to 100 times higher than the levels in toothed cetaceans from the North Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, and Baltic Sea. The lesions were consistent with those found in other species with morbilliviral disease, and the positive immunoperoxidase test, PCR and electron microscopical examination confirmed a morbillivirus as the primary cause of these lesions.
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PMID:Epizootic of morbilliviral disease in common dolphins (Delphinus delphis ponticus) from the Black sea. 1009 12

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is a common and serious complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Its two most frequent manifestations are interstitial pneumonitis and gastroenteritis. We describe here the first reported case of CMV ovarian infection in an allo-SCT recipient. This patient was included in a clinical trial of high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with HLA-matched peripheral SCT for metastatic breast cancer. She expired 53 days after transplantation from organ failure unrelated to her CMV oophoritis.
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PMID:Post-mortem incidental finding of cytomegalovirus oophoritis after an allogeneic stem cell transplant. 1041 24

The aim of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of an Indian bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1b isolate in 7-9-months-old male calves. Infected (four) and control (two) calves were bled at three days interval for hematological, virological and serological studies until day 27. All infected calves developed respiratory illness, biphasic pyrexia, mild diarrhea, leucopenia and mild thrombocytopenia. Viraemia was demonstrated between 3 and 15dpi and the infected calves seroconverted by 15dpi. Prominent kidney lesions were endothelial cell swelling, proliferation of mesangial cells and podocytes leading to glomerular space obliteration. Degeneration and desquamation of cells lining seminiferous tubules were observed in two infected calves. Consolidation of lungs with interstitial pneumonia, mild gastroenteritis and systemic spread were also evident. It was concluded that Indian BVDV isolate induced moderate clinical disease in calves and glomerulonephritis resulting from acute BVDV infection was observed for the first time.
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PMID:Pathogenicity of an Indian isolate of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b in experimentally infected calves. 1738 93

Toxoplasmosis is one of the more common parasitic zoonoses world-wide. In this study, an epizootic of toxoplasmosis among captive Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) from different locations is reported. By means of light microscopy, Toxoplasma gondii-like tachyzoites were observed associated to interstitial pneumonia, non-suppurative myocarditis, cholangiohepatitis and severe gastroenteritis. The protozoa stained positively with a T. gondii antibody and ultrastructurally were similar to T. gondii. Strikingly, tachyzoites appeared sometimes in an intranuclear location within granulocyte-like cells. Feral cats or reactivation of a latent infection are discussed as the possible sources of infection. As far as we know, this is the first confirmed report of toxoplasmosis in Bennett's wallabies in Spain and Europe, and may constitute a risk of infection for humans since new alimentary habits are being imposed in our countries.
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PMID:Toxoplasmosis in Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) in Spain. 1904 16