Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transfer factor (T.F.) prepared from 5 x 10(8) lymphoid cells from 500 ml of a parent's blood was given to 40 Australian aboriginal children aged 2-46 months who had been in hospital with acute infection. Many had protein-calorie malnutrition. These and a control group of 35 similar children were assessed blind for at least 12 months. In T.F.-treated children there were significantly fewer episodes of diarrhoeal disease for periods in excess of 26 weeks. Recurrent moderate diarrhoeal disease was particularly reduced, and the onset of severe gastroenteritis may have been delayed. There was no protection against chest, middle-ear, or skin infection.
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PMID:Therapy with parent's lymphocyte transfer factor in children with infection and malnutrition. 5 83

Sixteen children with refractory diarrhea and three malnourished children who had frequent episodes of acute gastroenteritis but little diarrhea at the time of hospital admission, were studied by peroral upper small intestinal biopsy. Six children were adequately nourished; five children weighed 62 to 79% of expected weight and eight weighed less than 60% of expected weight. Two of the malnourished children had giardiasis. Pathogenic bacteria were found in only one case. Varying degrees of mucosal atrophy with reduction of mean villous height were seen in 18 cases. The concentration of mononuclear inflammatory cells and plasma cells was about half that seen in well-nourished children with severe nongastrointestinal infections. The concentration of mononuclear cells in the lamina propria was about twice that seen in normal adults. The proportions of IgA-producing cells and cells that stained for secretory component were significantly reduced, as compared with normal adult control values. This reduction was most striking in children with malnutrition complicated by giardiasis. Enzyme histochemical studies were performed for leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. There was a tendency for considerably reduced acid phosphatase activity in all clinical groups (kwashiorkor, marasmic kwashiorkor and marasmus) of growth-retarded infants.
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PMID:Infantile jejunal mucosa in infection and malnutrition. 10 19

In response to Resolution No. 7 of the Fifth Caribbean Health Minsters Conference of February 1973, the Executive Secretary convened a meeting of a stering committee comprising members of staff of CFNI, the Faculty of Medicine, U.W.I., PAHO, WHO and FAO. Arising from this, it was decided to produce the Strategy and Plan of Action of Combat Gastroenteritis and Malnutrition in children under two years of age. The implementation of that programme was launched in Jamaica in January 1976 by Dr. A.W. Patterson, the Principal Medical Officer of the Ministry of Health and Environmental Control. This preliminary report deals with observations of progess made in the field and the hospitals from the time of initial launching of the programme in Jamaica. Observation covers the time peroid from April 12, to July 27, 1976; and compares favourably with the situation as it exists in the country of Nigeria. Based upon observations, discussions, site visits and data collected, the following preliminary report provides implications for the implementation of strategies related to the SPACGEM PROJECT and the ultimate reduction of malnutrition and gastroenteritis among children under two years old in Jamaica.
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PMID:Malnutrition and gastroenteritis among Jamaican children. 11 35

Children repeatedly admitted to a Jamaican clinic with gastroenteritis associated with protein-energy-malnutrition (PEM) were treated by oral glucose-electrolyte rehydration. Children were fed other food from the outset if they so requested. The solution was administer by cup and spoon, i.e., small amounts vs. bottle administration, frequently throughout the day and night. A simple solution, very inexpensive, is outlined and includes a 3-finger pinch of salt, a 3-finger pinch of sodium bicarbonate, and 2 teaspoons of potassium chloride dissolved in 100 cu. cm of water. In all, 16 children suffering from sporadic, unspecific diarrhea over a period of 9 months showed marked improvement of the condition within 1-2 days of cup and spoon rehydration.
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PMID:Cup and spoon rehydration of children with acute diarrhoea. 24 5

The parents of 200 malnourished childred referred and admitted over the July-December 1976 period to the nutrition wing of the Children's University Teaching Hospital, Zambia, were interviewed in an effort to understand the home environment of malnourished children in Lusaka, Zambia. The 1974 incidence of malnutrition in Zambia was about 23% with higher prevalences of marasmus and moderate malnutrition. There were 9.4% severly malnourished children admitted in 1976 as compared with less than 1% in 1971. Many of these children were admitted very late in a hypothermic shocked state which is directly responsible for the increasing incidence of mortality over these years. Plasma or blood transfusion is a standard procedure in all shocked cases of kwashiorkor, yet many of the children still die within 24 hours of admission. Malnutrition incidence was found to be closely linked to the rise in price index. The majority of the children were admitted from the rainy months November to March, the time associated with a higher incidence of gastroenteritis, respiratory infections, and measles. 88% of the children were between 1-3 years old. Marasmus (33.5%) and marasmic kwashiorkor (40.5%) were more frequent. 63% of the malnourished childred had attended the child health clinics in their infancy and were immunized but discontinued attendance one vaccination was completed. The problem of malnutrition was in the toddler age group. 86% of the childred came from urban slums and periurban areas; 83% were from unitary families, living in 1 or 2 bedroom houses with no separate provision for a kitchen. Rural families (14%) were living as joint families. 32% of the children were from large families. 52% of the parents were employed as casual laborers and earning under US $35 per month. There were only 10 families with earnings in excess of US $125 per month and only 8 had good sources of income from farms. As many as 68.5% children were experiencing 1 or more adverse factors which contributed to their present condition. Almost half of the mothers were pregnant or carrying a young child. An alcoholic family, divorce, or separation of parents was frequently observed. Separation from the mother was marked by a deterioration in the health of the children. Only 4 divorced mothers were working to support the family. The remainder were dependent on their parents. 53% of mothers were favorable to family spacing if properly motiavated. A social rehabilitation program should meaningfully involve the family unit. Parental responsibilities must be propagated. Family spacing with health education programs is vital in the improvement of child care.
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PMID:A study of malnourished children in children's hospital Lusaka (Zambia). 26 Jul 44

A microbiological investigation of Black infants suffering from severe acute summer gastroenteritis revealed enteropathogenic agents in 30 out of 37 patients (81%). Enterotoxigenic bacteria were isolated from 15 patients (41%). A total of 16 enterotoxigenic strains were isolated, comprising 9 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains secreting labile and stable toxin on their own and in combination, and labile-toxin secreting strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (4), Enterobacter cloacae (2) and Proteus vulgaris (1). In the case of the latter three species, however, 6 out of the 7 strains were isolated from patients who were excreting other enteric pathogens, whereas only 2 out of 9 enterotoxigenic E. coli patients had concomitant infections with other pathogens. No invasive bacteria were isolated except for 2 shigella strains. Salmonella and shigella strains were found in four patients. No correlation was found between the enteropathogenicity of E. coli and its serotype. Rotavirus was observed by negative staining electron microscopy in only two patients (6%) but using a reverse complement fixation test rotavirus antigen was detected in the stool of 17 out of 35 patients (49%). The low EM detection rate may well be due to the patients being admitted for treatment late in the course of their illness when the degree of viral shedding has decreased below EM detectability. No significant difference in clinical presentation was noted between the various aetiological agents. Only one patient was being solely breast-fed compared to 16% of control non-diarrhoeic infants. Evidence of malnutrition was noted in over half of our patients.
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PMID:A microbiological investigation of acute summer gastroenteritis in black South African infants. 32 27

A study was conducted among 234 Bangladeshi children to determine LM (lactose malabsorption) and its relation with age, history of diarrhea, nutrition, and breastfeeding. LM was determined by using BHT (breath hydrogen test) which showed similar results to a modified lactose tolerance test conducted in hospitals. BHT results indicated that 80% of the children over 36 months had LM while all infants less than 6 months absorbed lactose completely. With recent incidences of diarrhea and acute malnutrition the rates of LM increased. In addition, children who were still breastfeeding had a lower rate of LM than weaned children perhaps since breastfed children suffer less from gastroenteritis and diarrhea or because some component of breast milk protects against LM. The United Nation's Protein Advisory Group encourages milk consumption but other reports cite increased mortality rates and slower recovery when malnourished children were supplied lactose-containing milk. It is suggested that milk be distributed in low doses in areas where there are high LM rates.
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PMID:Lactose malabsorption in Bangladeshi village children: relation with age, history of recent diarrhea, nutritional status, and breast feeding. 47 86

This paper focuses on recent advances by the Indonesian Pediatric Gastroenterology in the field of diarrheal diseases: 1) the 'ROSE' system as the principle of treatment of diarrhea. It has been proven to be effective in reducing mortality rate of acute gastroenteritis, particularly cholera. R stands for rehydration, preferably with Ringer's lactate solution. O for Oralyte or oral glucose electrolyte, S for simultaneous rehydration (intravenously and orally), and E for educating parents in oral rehydration. 2) MCT and low lactose-containing formula in low birthweight infants give good to excellent results in improving fat malabsorption, elimination of diarrhea, and increase of body weight. 3) the use of the pediatric Enterotest duodenal capsule to study the upper intestinal microflora. The capsule consists of a number 1 size gelatin capsule (20 mm x 6 mm) containing a silicone rubber bag with an attached fine yarn line 90 cm long. The free end of the line is taped to the cheek and the patient swallows the capsule. After a certain period of time, the line is pulled out and intestinal secretions are scraped from the line and immediately examined under the microscope. Enterotest is particularly useful where radiologic examination is not available. 4) this report is the 1st to document virus particles in fecal specimens from Indonesian children, and suggests that viruses may be important etiological agents in diarrheal diseases in Indonesia, where malnutrition and diarrhea are important health problems.
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PMID:Recent advances in the Indonesian paediatric gastroenterology. 65 63

In most developing countries like Indonesia, problems of malabsorption syndrome are commonly related with: 1) gastroenteritis; 2) protein calorie malnutrition (PCM); 3) low birthweight and post bowel surgery; and 4) infection or parasite of the small bowel in the malnourished child. Two factors which cause sugar intolerance in Indonesian children are the high incidence of gastroenteritis and PCM, and being unused to drink milk after weaning. The presence of overgrowth of bacteria in the malnourished child can cause sugar intolerance indirectly through gastroenteritis. The high incidence of PCM, LBW and gastroenteritis in Indonesian children also result in a high incidence of fat malabsorption. Management of malabsorption syndrome in diarrheal children with or without malnutrition include: 1) correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance; 2) treatment of predisposing condition; and 3) temporary withdrawal of any lactose in the diet or giving lactose low formula, beside MCT (medium chain triglycerides) or UFA (unsaturated fatty acids). The 1st choice in treating fat malabsorption is the use of MCT in the milk formula; the 2nd choice is UFA.
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PMID:Problems and solution of malabsorption syndrome in Indonesia. 65 62

A 6 month-old mulatto boy was admitted on account of acute gastroenteritis, malnutrition and dehydration. In the hospital, the child developed septicemia, and temperature reached up to 38.6 degrees C. Despite intensive antibiotic treatment the patient died 12 days after admission. Necropsy disclosed bilateral bronchopneumonia, bilateral fronto-parietal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and extensive necrosis of the inferior half of both cerebellar hemispheres. On histopathological examination of the necrotic cerebellar cortex, numerous sickled erythrocytes were observed in petechial hemorrhages, and, in lesser quantities, inside capillaries. Lesions of the central nervous system in sickle cell anemia most often involve the cerebral cortex, and a single extensive cerebellar infarction as present in this case seems extremely rare. The pathogenetic mechanism of the necrosis is unclear, since thrombosis was not observed either in large blood vessels or in capillaries. Possible contributory factors were the infectious condition (septicemia), fever, and anoxia caused by the extensive bronchopneumonia.
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PMID:[Extensive cerebellar necrosis in sickle cell anemia. Report of a case]. 75 14


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