Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of a fenbendazole slow release bolus in controlling nematode infections of first-season cattle was evaluated in a field study in northern Germany. Two groups, each of 11 male calves, were set-stocked on separate pastures from May until October 1989 (157 days). The animals of one group were given the bolus at turnout and the animals of the control group were treated with fenbendazole (7.5 mg/kg bodyweight) eight weeks after turnout. Clinical inspections and measurements of faecal egg and larval counts, herbage trichostrongyle larval counts, plasma pepsinogen concentrations and bodyweight were made throughout the study. All the animals were slaughtered for worm counts and the evaluation of carcase quality two weeks after housing. The pasture grazed by the control group showed a marked increase in trichostrongyle larvae from late August onwards and, as a result, the control calves had increasing faecal egg counts and increased plasma pepsinogen concentrations in the latter part of the grazing season, although no clinical signs of parasitic gastroenteritis were apparent. The fenbendazole slow release bolus suppressed the trichostrongyle infections during the grazing season, and larval counts on the pasture grazed by the bolus-treated group remained low throughout the study. Postmortem examination showed that the bolus-treated calves harboured significantly (P < 0.01) fewer trichostrongyle worms, including inhibited stages, than the controls. Because of an inadequate lungworm challenge during the grazing season it was not possible to evaluate the efficacy of the fenbendazole slow release bolus in preventing parasitic bronchitis. At slaughter, the bolus-treated animals weighed more than the controls and tended to have a better carcase quality.
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PMID:Field evaluation of a fenbendazole slow release bolus in the control of nematode infections in first-season cattle. 914 Dec 22

Coronaviruses and arteriviruses infect multiple species of mammals, including humans, causing diseases that range from encephalitis to enteritis. Several of these viruses infect domestic animals and cause significant morbidity and mortality, leading to major economic losses. In this category are included such pathogens as transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine respiratory and reproductive virus and infectious bronchitis virus. The feline coronaviruses (FECV) generally do not cause infections with high morbidity but in a small percentage of cases, the virus mutates to become more virulent. This virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), causes severe disease in young cats. This disease is in large part immunopathological and understanding it is a major goal of coronavirus research.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of coronavirus-induced infections. Review of pathological and immunological aspects. 978 22

The Northern Territory Health Service implemented a casemix system of hospital funding in 1996 using national averages and national cost weights as benchmarks for length of stay and funding. Clinicians and health administrators were concerned about the potential of this model to impair health service delivery, especially to children of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) descent, whose current poor health has been well described. Data were collected on children aged under 10 years who were discharged from the Royal Darwin Hospital between 1 July 1991 and 30 June 1996 and assigned one of four DRGs (simple pneumonia, bronchitis and asthma, gastroenteritis, nutritional and metabolic disorders). Data collected included age, sex, ethnicity, duration of hospital stay, location of residence and presence of comorbidities. There were significant differences in the proportion of children with multiple comorbidities between ATSI and non-ATSI children, as well as between rural- and urban-dwelling ATSI children. A higher proportion of ATSI compared with non-ATSI children had prolonged hospital stays (22.6% v. 1.5%), with the variables influencing length of stay in ATSI children including "age < 2 years", "living in a remote area", and "presence of two or more comorbidities". These results confirm clinical impressions about disease patterns and length of hospital stay in ATSI children, and highlight the problems of imposing a casemix classification system for a "typical" Australian population on a region with a high proportion of people of ATSI descent.
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PMID:The casemix system of hospital funding can further disadvantage Aboriginal children. 983 Apr 3

The effectiveness of the local medical system may be evaluated using hospital discharge rates. The method is illustrated using the case of preventable pediatric admissions. Results of the analysis support the validity of admission rates for bronchitis and asthma, pneumonia, gastroenteritis, and otitis media as indicators of the primary care delivery system. The results also suggest that the study community, Mason City, Iowa, is performing well on these indicators.
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PMID:Measuring health system performance from a community service perspective: the case of pediatric preventive services in Mason City. 1014 97

A diagnostic test for canine coronavirus (CCV) infection based on a nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) assay was developed and tested using the following coronavirus strains: CCV (USDA strain), CCV (45/93, field strain), feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV, field strain), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV, Purdue strain), bovine coronavirus (BCV, 9WBL-77 strain), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV, M-41 strain) and fecal samples of dogs with CCV enteritis. A 230-bp segment of the gene encoding for transmembrane protein M of CCV is the target sequence of the primer. The test described in the present study was able to amplify both CCV and TGEV strains and also gave positive results on fecal samples from CCV infected dogs. n-PCR has a sensitivity as high as isolation on cell cultures, and can therefore be used for the diagnosis of CCV infection in dogs.
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PMID:Development of a nested PCR assay for the detection of canine coronavirus. 1040 71

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) was first reported by Berger in 1968, and characterized by diffuse IgA deposition in the mesangium. Patients with IgAN have usually episodic macroscopic hematuria accompanied with pharyngitis, gastroenteritis, bronchitis, or sinusitis. These findings suggest that IgAN is an immune-complex disease resulting from a poorly controlled mucosal immune response to environmental antigens to which the patient was chronically exposed. We reported the glomerular deposition of the outer membrane of Haemophilus parainfluenzae (OMHP) antigens and the presence of IgA antibody against OMHP in the sera of patients with IgAN. These suggest that Haemophilus parainfluenzae plays a role in the aetiology of this disease. This study was conducted to determine whether OMHP antigens induced immunohistologically evident glomerular deposition of IgA and C3 in C3H/HeN mice. Female C3H/HeN mice (4 weeks old) received intraperitoneal injection (HP-IP group), and oral administration (HP-PO group) of OMHP antigens. The control group similarly received intraperitoneal injection of PBS, and oral intake of ordinary water. The mice were sacrificed at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 weeks after the start of the experiment. The HP-IP group showed glomerular deposition of IgA, C3 and OMHP antigens, glomerular changes (Mesangial hypercellularity and increase in mesangial matrix) after 20 weeks. The HP-PO group showed only mild deposition of IgA, and mild increase in mesangial matrix. These results suggest that OMHP antigens play a role in the glomerular deposition of IgA and C3 in C3H/HeN mice. This is the first use of OMHP antigens to establish an active model of IgAN.
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PMID:[Haemophilus parainfluenzae and IgA nephropathy]. 1051 4

The 3' end of the turkey coronavirus (TCV) genome (1740 bases) including the nucleocapsid (N) gene and 3' untranslated region (UTR) were sequenced and compared with published sequences of other avian and mammalian coronaviruses. The deduced sequence of the TCV N protein was determined to be 409 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 45 kDa. The TCV N protein was identical in size and had greater than 90% amino acid identity with published N protein sequences of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV); less than 21% identity was observed with N proteins of bovine coronavirus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus. The 3' UTR showed some variation among the three TCV strains examined, with two TCV strains, Minnesota and Indiana, containing 153 base segments which are not present in the NC95 strain. Nucleotide sequence identity between the 3' UTRs of TCV and IBV was greater than 78%. Similarities in both size and sequence of TCV and IBV N proteins and 3' UTRs provide additional evidence that these avian coronaviruses are closely related.
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PMID:Sequence analysis of the turkey coronavirus nucleocapsid protein gene and 3' untranslated region identifies the virus as a close relative of infectious bronchitis virus. 1058 91

An enteric disease of young turkeys, referred to as stunting syndrome (SS), causes reduced growth and impaired feed efficiency. A recently isolated virus, stunting syndrome agent, (SSA) has been found to be the etiologic agent of SS. The objective of the present study was to determine relatedness of the SSA with other viral agents. Serologic (viral neutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) assays and a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used. The antisera against turkey enteric coronavirus (bluecomb agent), bovine coronavirus (BCV), bovine Breda-1 virus, bovine Breda-2 virus, avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) of swine were evaluated by dot-immunobinding avidin-biotin-enhanced ELISA and did not react with SSA. The homologous (anti-SSA) antiserum was positive by ELISA. Similarly, anti-SSA antiserum did not react when NDV, IBV, BCV, or TGEV was used as antigen but did react with the homologous (SSA) virus. The virus neutralization assay was performed by inoculating 24-to-25-day-old turkey embryos via the amniotic route and by assessing the embryo infectivity on the basis of gross intestinal lesions and intestinal maltase activity at 72 hr postinoculation. None of the aforementioned antisera neutralized SSA infectivity in embryos except for the homologous anti-SSA antiserum. A RT-PCR was performed with known primers specific for NDV, IBV, BCV, and TGEV. The known primers failed to amplify SSA genome but amplified their respective viral genomes. We concluded that the SSA was distinct from the viral agents that were evaluated.
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PMID:Characterization of the stunting syndrome agent: relatedness to known viruses. 1073 43

In order to determine the prevalence of childhood allergic diseases, infectious diseases, and the relationship between them, 8723 children from three junior high schools in Tou-Cheng City, Taipei County, were studied using questionnaires developed according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) criteria combined with supplementary questions about infectious diseases. Students and their parents completed the questionnaires at home. The age of the children ranged from 10 to 18 years old (14.12 +/- 0.89 years), the majority (96.03%) was aged from 13 to 15 years old. The 12-month prevalences of self-reported allergic disease symptoms were: asthma symptom 8.2%, allergic rhinitis symptom 39.6%, and atopic dermatitis symptom 5.9%. The prevalences of diagnosis of the allergic diseases were: asthma 8.7%, allergic rhinitis 24.1%, and atopic dermatitis 3.9%. The 12-month prevalences of diagnosis of infectious diseases were: pneumonia 0.6%, bronchitis 7.2%, sinusitis 7.2%, purulent conjunctivitis 2.5%, otitis media 4.3%, encephalitis or meningitis 0.4%, gastroenteritis 14.5%, acne 23.9%, purulent dermatitis 1.3%, and other infectious diseases 1.2%. Lifetime admission rates of children due to infectious diseases were: pneumonia 1%, bronchitis 1.8%, sinusitis 0.3%, purulent conjunctivitis 0.2%, otitis media 0.3%, encephalitis or meningitis 0.3%, gastroenteritis 2.1%, and other infectious diseases 0.6%. The prevalence of infectious diseases was significantly higher in children with allergic disease symptoms (defined as asthma, allergic rhinitis, or atopic dermatitis). These results demonstrated the presence of a link between allergic diseases and infectious diseases, which may have some important clinical implications.
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PMID:Prevalence and relationship between allergic diseases and infectious diseases. 1132 Nov 29

The subcellular localization of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) (group I and group II coronaviruses, respectively) nucleoproteins (N proteins) were examined by confocal microscopy. The proteins were shown to localize either to the cytoplasm alone or to the cytoplasm and a structure in the nucleus. This feature was confirmed to be the nucleolus by using specific antibodies to nucleolin, a major component of the nucleolus, and by confocal microscopy to image sections through a cell expressing N protein. These findings are consistent with our previous report for infectious bronchitis virus (group III coronavirus) (J. A. Hiscox et al., J. Virol. 75:506-512, 2001), indicating that nucleolar localization of the N protein is a common feature of the coronavirus family and is possibly of functional significance. Nucleolar localization signals were identified in the domain III region of the N protein from all three coronavirus groups, and this suggested that transport of N protein to the nucleus might be an active process. In addition, our results suggest that the N protein might function to disrupt cell division. Thus, we observed that approximately 30% of cells transfected with the N protein appeared to be undergoing cell division. The most likely explanation for this is that the N protein induced a cell cycle delay or arrest, most likely in the G(2)/M phase. In a fraction of transfected cells expressing coronavirus N proteins, we observed multinucleate cells and dividing cells with nucleoli (which are only present during interphase). These findings are consistent with the possible inhibition of cytokinesis in these cells.
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PMID:Localization to the nucleolus is a common feature of coronavirus nucleoproteins, and the protein may disrupt host cell division. 1153 98


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