Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the incidence of convulsions in 1936 children with acute gastroenteritis. Sixty-eight children had convulsions (3.5%), which were categorized into three groups: (1) bacterial (n = 13; 19%), (2) Rotavirus (n = 30, 44%), and (3) no organism (n = 25; 37%). Only group 2 versus group 3 had a significant association with encephalopathy (P < .002). The relative risk was estimated to determine the risk of encephalopathy: Rotavirus versus no organism isolated (relative risk = 2.308), Rotavirus versus bacterial (relative risk = 1.846), and bacterial versus no organism (relative risk = 1.25). None developed epilepsy. Thus, acute gastroenteritis-related encephalopathy is a benign condition with single or recurrent seizures during an episode of acute gastroenteritis and an excellent prognosis. The underlying mechanism for provoking seizure is unknown. One should be reassured of a good outcome in the majority of children with recurrent episodes of afebrile/febrile seizures during an episode of acute gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Acute gastroenteritis-related encephalopathy. 1178 5

The aim of this study is to reveal the detailed clinical features of benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG). We studied 114 consecutive episodes in 105 patients with CwG between January 1995 and March 2000. CwG was defined as when a patient met the following two conditions: (a) seizures accompanied the symptoms of gastroenteritis without clinical signs of dehydration or electrolyte derangement and (b) the body temperature remained less than 38.0 degrees C before and after the seizures. Patients with meningitis, encephalitis/encephalopathy or apparent history of epilepsy were excluded. The age of onset ranged from 8 to 52 months (mean, 21.1 +/- 8.4 months). Six patients (6%) had a family history of afebrile convulsions and seven (7%) had one of febrile convulsions. The average interval between the onset of gastroenteritis and that of seizures was 2.3 +/- 1.1 days (range, 1-6 days). The average number of seizures during a single episode was 2.6 +/- 1.5 (range, 1-7). Two or more seizures occurred in 86 (75%) of the 114 episodes. Seizures induced by pain and/or crying were seen in 35 (43%) of 82 episodes. Antiepileptic drugs were administered for 96 episodes. Seizures did not cease after the administration of one kind of antiepileptic drug in 56 episodes (58%). Epilepsy developed in none of the patients. All patients exhibited normal psychomotor development. CwG is characterized by a cluster of seizures that are sometimes induced by pain and/or crying. The seizures are rather refractory to antiepileptic treatment, although the seizure and development outcomes are good.
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PMID:Clinical features of benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis. 1562 48

A 34-year-old female with end-stage renal disease was admitted for severe metabolic acidosis, uremic encephalopathy, pericarditis and severe anemia following a bout of acute gastroenteritis. She improved on aggressive medical management including intensive hemodialysis and was initiated onto maintenance heparin-free hemodialysis (twelve hours per week) and discharged. After a week, she presented with fever with chills and rigors for three days, was toxic, severely orthopenic and had a pulsus paradoxus of 36 mmHg. Echocardiography suggested cardiac tamponade. Aspiration revealed frank pus with polymorphonuclear predominance and Staphylococcus aureus on culture. CT of the thorax revealed pericardial effusion. In the absence of any obvious septic foci, concomitant pleuro-pulmonary sepsis, mediastinal or intra-abdominal pathology; a diagnosis of "acute primary purulent pericarditis" was made. Patient was put on parenteral antibiotics-ceftriaxone and metrogyl. Vancomycin was added after sensitivity results. Pericardial drainage was required initially. After toxemia improved, paradox decreased and fever subsided, the pericardial catheter was removed and antibiotics continued for a period of four weeks. Maintenance hemodialysis was continued during hospital stay and after discharge.
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PMID:Staphylococcal pericarditis in a chronic renal failure patient. 1280 14

Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive free radical that is involved in a variety of different biological process. In recent reports, the putative role of NO in the neuropathogenesis of brain inflammation has been demonstrated. And then the relation between neuronal NO and convulsive seizures induced by virus has been suggested. However, there are few reports about NO in vivo under viral neurological infections. In order to evaluate the relation between NO production and neurological disorders induced by viral infection, sixty-six cases including 11 patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis admitted for convulsions were examined in this study. NO metabolites (NOx) levels in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid obtained from rotavirus gastroenteritis patients with convulsion were much higher than in those of patients with purulent meningitis, encephalitis, febrile convulsion or in the control group. There was a relative correlation between IL-6 and NOx in some cases. These results indicated that NO may have a pathophysiological role in convulsions associated by rotavirus infection either through indirect or direct effects of NO. Consequently, NOx inhibitors might be helpful for the treatment of rotavirus encephalopathy.
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PMID:Serum and cerebrospinal fluid nitrite/nitrate levels in patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis induced convulsion. 1470 70

We present a 9-month-old male with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis who developed an acute encephalopathy with focal seizures and developmental regression. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral striatal necrosis and raised glutarylcarnitine levels on tandem mass spectrometry of a (crisis) blood spot, and chromatography of organic acids revealed increased urinary excretion of dicarboxylic acid. Skin biopsy demonstrated a partial decrease in glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. The case was not typical for either rotavirus encephalitis/rotavirus-associated encephalopathy or for glutaric aciduria type I. The patient has developmental delay and continues to receive physiotherapy, speech therapy, and local developmental follow-up.
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PMID:Acute bilateral striatal necrosis with rotavirus gastroenteritis and inborn metabolic predisposition. 1593 90

We report on a 23-month-old boy with a rare complication of rotavirus gastroenteritis. He was diagnosed as acute encephalopathy with DIC accompanied with high levels of cytokines. The liver pathology also revealed mild infiltration and fatty changes. He was suspected to be suffering from a cytokine storm followed by Reye syndrome.
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PMID:A case of Reye syndrome with rotavirus infection accompanied with high cytokines. 1622 9

Norovirus is a common cause of gastroenteritis. We describe the case of a 23-month-old girl with encephalopathy possibly associated with norovirus infection. The viral genome was detected in stool, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. This is the first report of encephalopathy potentially caused by norovirus as indicated by the presence of the virus genome in CSF.
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PMID:Norovirus-associated encephalopathy. 1680 41

We report a patient with carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) deficiency, who presented with acute encephalopathy at 6 months of age. This was precipitated by an episode of gastroenteritis. No hypoglycaemia was documented, but there was hepatomegaly; blood tests revealed raised transaminases, a coagulopathy and severe hypertriglyceridaemia (48.8 mmol/L) and hypercholesterolaemia (9.5 mmol/L). The hyperlipidaemia resolved within 3 days of treatment and did not recur. At 2 years of age, the patient's liver function, growth and development are all normal. Hyperlipidaemia has been reported during acute illness in previous patients with CPT I deficiency but it is not a well-recognized feature; it should alert metabolic specialists to this potential diagnosis.
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PMID:Hyperlipidaemia due to carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency. 1716 Jun 14

Rotavirus is a common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children, and other unusual extraintestinal manifestations have also been attributed to the virus. We report a case of acute encephalopathy and rhabdomyolysis following rotavirus gastroenteritis in a 6-month-old infant.
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PMID:Acute encephalopathy and rhabdomyolysis following rotavirus gastroenteritis. 1720 65

"Benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG)" is recognized as a benign situation-related seizure. Neuroimaging studies usually do not reveal any abnormalities. We report MRI diffusion-weighted image (DWI) findings of two patients who were clinically diagnosed with CwG. DWI demonstrated a transient abnormality in the splenium of the corpus callosum. Although viral encephalitis or encephalopathy should be carefully differentiated in patients clinically diagnosed with CwG, frequent seizures might cause transient splenial abnormality in patients with CwG.
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PMID:Transient splenial lesions in children with "benign convulsions with gastroenteritis". 1730 24


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