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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Delay in appendectomy occurs from failure to contact a physician, or from a physician's failure to make a proper diagnosis. In our study delay was due to physician error in 32 of 422 children who had appendectomy. Symptoms consistent with appendicitis were documented on the initial visit in each case, but 22 patients had a history of previous similar pain or recent viral illness to confuse the diagnosis. Misdiagnosis was responsible for the delay in 14 cases (gastroenteritis in ten and urinary tract infection in four). Antibiotics given before proper diagnosis in 22 instances increased diagnostic difficulty in 20. Late referral is increasing, perhaps because of a perceived innocuous nature of appendicitis. Complicated appendicitis was found in 26 children (81%), compared with 38% of the total experience. Their hospital stay averaged nine days, as opposed to 6.6 days in the nondelayed group. Failure of resolution of symptoms after therapy begins mandates reassessment to avoid progression of this common surgical disease.
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PMID:Delayed diagnosis in pediatric appendicitis. 333 98

A prospective study was conducted on 344 children aged from 3 months to 16 years with acute appendicitis. Most children presented with typical features of acute appendicitis (70%) or peritonitis (28%). Atypical presentation was uncommon and occurred only in seven young children, masquerading as intestinal obstruction, gastroenteritis or urinary tract infection. Prolonged delay in surgery was associated with a rise in incidence of late appendicitis (gangrenous and perforated appendicitis). This rise was especially marked 37 h after onset of symptoms. The main causes of delay were inability of the parents and primary care medical practitioners to recognize the disease early. Surgeons contributed very little to the delay. High risk factors for postappendectomy sepsis were young children under 6 years old, late appendicitis, obese patients, inferior systemic antibiotic regimes and inexperienced surgeons. Young children had high postoperative sepsis mainly because of the high incidence of late appendicitis due to their inability to express their symptoms properly. They were not especially prone to postappendectomy sepsis; they had the same degree of appendicitis compared with older children. Measures to decrease the postappendectomy morbidity are suggested.
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PMID:Acute appendicitis in children. 343 36

The faecal carriage rates of different species of Proteeae were assessed in studies with 220 faecal isolates from 219 individuals of whom approximately one-third were well and the remainder had gastro-enteritis. As a result of the development of new media that allowed replacement of the phenylalanine deaminase test with the tryptophan deaminase test and made it possible to combine tests for indole and urease production and for hydrogen sulphide and ornithine decarboxylase formation in two single-tube tests, all strains were speciated with speed, economy and accuracy. Most (96%) isolates were either Proteus mirabilis (62%) or Morganella morgani (34%). The significance of these findings in relation to urinary tract infection is discussed. P. vulgaris was found in only one (0.45%) faecal specimen and this rarity of carriage in faeces is believed to be the main reason for its rare association with urinary tract infections. The frequent association of M. morgani, in the absence of other enteropathogenic bacteria, with severe gastroenteritis was noted with interest.
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PMID:Rare occurrence of Proteus vulgaris in faeces: a reason for its rare association with urinary tract infections. 351 39

The antibacterial efficacy of some of the newer quinolone antimicrobial agents in general, and ciprofloxacin in particular, in animal models of experimental septic arthritis, burn wound sepsis, empyema, chronic gastroenteritis, granuloma pouch infection, intraabdominal abscess, osteomyelitis, prostatis, sinusitis, urinary tract infection, and severe septicemia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is reviewed. In addition, the efficacy of these newer quinolones has been studied in animal models of pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, skin and soft tissue infections, and a variety of other systemic infections. Although certain limitations are associated with animal models of infection, properly performed studies clearly have the potential to provide guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of some infections in humans.
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PMID:Efficacy of ciprofloxacin in animal models of infection. 355 64

Penetration of aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new semisynthetic penicillin, to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and clinical studies against bacterial infections were carried out and the following results were obtained. The concentration of ASPC in CSF was below 1 microgram/ml at 1 hour after intravenous administration of about 50 mg/kg dose to 2 cases of aseptic meningitis on the acute stage. The concentration of ASPC in CSF was above 10 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after intravenous administration of about 80 mg/kg dose to 3 cases of purulent meningitis on the acute stage, and was above 2 micrograms/ml even on the recovering stage. On each stage, its concentration was more than minimum inhibitory concentration of H. influenzae (less than or equal to 0.05 microgram/ml; at inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml). Clinical efficacy of ASPC was good in all 3 cases of purulent meningitis, excellent in 3 cases, good in 3 cases and poor in 1 case out of 7 cases of septicemia, good in 2 cases and poor in 1 case out of 3 cases of gastroenteritis, respectively. And clinical efficacy of other diseases were excellent or good, that were 2 cases of tonsillitis, 2 cases of soft tissue abscess, 1 case of purulent lymphadenitis and 1 case of urinary tract infection, respectively. Side effects were mild eosinophilia in only 2 cases out of 22 cases.
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PMID:[Clinical study and trial of penetration to the cerebrospinal fluid of aspoxicillin in the pediatric field]. 387 21

Although gastroenteritis is the most common manifestation of salmonella infection in man, focal involvement of the urinary tract is not frequently encountered. For the last eight years we observed four cases of salmonella urinary tract infection. One case had ureterocele and the others had calculous diseases. All cases were treated with chemotherapy and surgical intervention. One patient died and the others were cured.
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PMID:[Four cases of Salmonella urinary tract infection]. 406 Dec 19

The penetration of aztreonam (AZT), a new synthetic monobactam, into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the clinical studies for bacterial infections were carried out. The following results were obtained. The concentrations of AZT in CSF were less than 0.31 microgram/ml and 0.42 microgram/ml, respectively, at 1 hour after intravenous administration of 34 mg/kg and 71 mg/kg in 2 cases of aseptic meningitis at the acute stage. The concentration of AZT in CSF was 6.9 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg in 1 case of purulent meningitis at the acute stage and was 0.62-0.98 micrograms/ml even at the recovering stage. At each stage, its concentration was more than the minimum inhibitory concentration of E. coli (0.10, less than 0.05 microgram/ml; at inoculum size of 10(8), 10(6) cells/ml). Clinical efficacy of AZT was good in 2 cases of purulent meningitis, excellent in 1 case of septicemia, excellent in 5 cases of urinary tract infection, excellent in 1 case and good in 3 cases out of 4 cases of gastroenteritis, excellent in 4 cases and poor in 2 cases out of 6 cases of pneumonia and bronchitis, excellent in 2 cases and good in 1 case out of 3 cases of tonsillitis. No side effects and no abnormal laboratory findings were observed except 1 case of mild diarrhea out of 21 cases.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation on aztreonam in pediatric field and fundamental study on its penetration into cerebrospinal fluid]. 409 65

Fifteen children with acute bacterial infections, including pneumonia (8), pharyngitis (2), cervical lymphadenitis (1), perforative peritonitis (1), gastroenteritis (1) and urinary tract infection (2), were treated with cefotetan. This drug was effective to all of the patients. In 2 patients the result was excellent and in 9 it was satisfactory. No adverse reactions were observed in the above cases and 2 other patients, during and after the dosage of 30-60 mg/kg/day for 4-11 days.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 658 24

When trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was given to US travelers in Mexico to prevent diarrheal illness, high-level resistance to the drug emerged [2], although in previous studies such resistance had not been observed among enteric flora following administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as prophylaxis against urinary tract infection [3]. Since food has been shown to be an important vehicle of transmission of travelers' diarrhea, food samples were examined for the presence of drug-resistant bacteria to explain the acquisition of high-level resistance among enteric flora of individuals taking antibiotics as prophylaxis against traveler's diarrhea. Of 34 strains of ETEC isolated from US students in Guadalajara, Mexico, who had acute gastroenteritis, one was resistant to trimethoprim and one was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Eight of the ETEC strains tested demonstrated multiple drug resistance. Twenty-two of 149 isolates from food produced enterotoxin. Only one isolate, which was nontoxigenic, was resistant to trimethoprim, and no coliforms were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; however, 16 isolates demonstrated multiple drug resistance. Of 235 gram-negative organisms recovered from frozen food samples grown on antibiotic-containing media and tested for enterotoxin production, no isolates were enterotoxigenic. Thirty-four isolates were resistant to trimethoprim, 15 were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 33 demonstrated multiple resistance. Multiple drug resistance was demonstrated among gram-negative organisms isolated from patients' stools and foods in Mexico.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated from foods in Mexico. 663 Oct 67

After perioperative adjuvant chemotherapy of a sigma-adenocarcinoma with 400 mg peptichemio and 500 mg 5-fluorouracil a 61-year-old woman developed a severe intoxication: myelosuppression with pancytopenia, gastroenteritis and ulcerative proctitis, toxic hepato- and myocardiopathy, impaired renal function and alopecia. As a result of reduced resistance pneumonias, urinary tract infection, sepsis, cytomegaly infection and candidiasis of the oral mucosa occurred. The toxic effects are attributed mainly to the high dose of peptichemio.
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PMID:[Severe intoxication after combined chemotherapy of a sigma-adenocarcinoma with peptichemio and 5-fluorouracil (author's transl)]. 711 29


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