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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of acute gastroenteritis in children was carried out with the aim of establishing the prevalence of human reoviruslike agent (HRLA) and its relation to other enteric pathogens in Israel. The stools of 384 children with acute diarrhea referred to a pediatric emergency service were screened for HRLA by counterimmunoelectroosmorphoresis (CIEOP) and for pathogenic bacteria. Evidence of HRLA infection was found in 65 patients (17%). The highest infection rate prevailed during the cool season (25%), with a peak prevalence (41%) in November, when both the temperature and humidity were low. A very high proportion of HRLA was found in children younger than 36 months and no HRLA infection was observed in those older than nine years. The highest prevalence occurred in infants younger than six months, a situation rarely encountered in other countries. The main clinical features of HRLA infection were fever, vomiting, dehydration, signs of upper respiratory infection and carbohydrate intolerance. Bacterial pathogens accounted for 45% of enteric infections. Shigella species predominated (28%) during the summer season, especially in older children. In 38% of the study group, no etiologic agent could be detected. None of the 50 control subjects showed evidence of viral or bacterial pathogens in stools.
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PMID:Etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children in Israel: role of human reoviruslike agent and bacterial pathogens. 22 84

The hemolytic-uremic syndrome consists of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, and thrombocytopenia following a prodromal illness of gastroenteritis or upper respiratory infection. The syndrome can present in dramatic fashion with severe abdominal pain and signs of peritonitis suggesting an acute surgical crisis. In a series of 25 patients, 40% had abdominal pain, 25% had abdominal tenderness, and 20% had peritoneal signs. Clues to diagnosis in the early stages of the acute illness were mild to moderate hypertension, abnormal peripheral blood smear, anemia despite dehydration, and proteinuria. Significant abdominal pain and x-ray evidence of colitis may occur before development of typical laboratory findings, and these were evident in at least one case. Three patients underwent laparotomy for suspected bowel perforation. Colitis without perforation was found in all cases. In the absence of documented perforation, toxic megacolon, or intussusception, the decision to perform laparotomy in patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome who have signs of peritonitis must be individualized. Failure to recognize the underlying renal problem can lead to serious errors in fluid and electrolyte management and delay of appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Hemolytic-uremic syndrome: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for the surgeon. 73 58

A retrospective and descriptive study was done in a general pediatric training site with the purpose of identifying the diagnoses to which the trainees have been exposed, as well as the changes in the pattern of these diagnoses. The number of patient-doctor contacts, type of patient visit, and frequency of diagnoses were compared. A total of 66,054 patient-doctor contacts occurred during the years 1979 to 1989, comprising 79.6 percent scheduled health visits and 20.4 percent emergency visits. The main diagnoses were: healthy child/adolescent (HV), well baby (WB), upper respiratory infection, skin diseases, bronchial asthma, acute gastroenteritis, otitis media, anemia, incomplete immunization, psychosocial problems, nutritional/linear growth problems, psychosomatic disturbances, parasitosis, and pneumonia. There was a significant decrease (P < .005) in the diagnosis of infectious diseases and a significant increase (P < .005) in the proportion of WB and HV. The latter were the two most common diagnoses in the year 1989.
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PMID:Diagnostic exposure in a primary care clinic during pediatric training. 147 42

Sick child day care units have been developed to provide care for children who are excluded from day care because of illness. We implemented a sick child day care unit at a military hospital. In the first year of operation, 526 children were admitted to the unit, with a daily average of 1.9 children and a range of 0-9 children. The most common admission diagnoses were: otitis media (21.3%), upper respiratory infection (19.4%), gastroenteritis (10.6%), and viral syndrome (10.5%). A sick child day care unit in a military hospital can provide a useful service to dependent children, their parents, and the military.
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PMID:A sick child day care unit in a military hospital. 212 43

Clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268) is a new 14-membered ring macrolide antibiotic developed by Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. TE-031 has a methoxy group at position 6 in its structure. In the present study, we carried out laboratory and clinical investigations on TE-031 in the field of pediatrics. The obtained results are summarized as follows. The antibacterial activity of TE-031 was investigated against 16 clinically isolated strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis and Campylobacter jejuni. TE-031 showed antibacterial activity comparable to erythromycin. The pattern of changes in TE-031 concentrations in the blood after administration was investigated. In subjects administered the granular preparation of TE-031, Cmax values were 0.64 micrograms/ml in 1 subject given a 5 mg/kg dosage, and 5.94 and 9.02 micrograms/ml in 2 subjects administered with 10 mg/kg. The tablet form of TE-031 was administered to 3 subjects at 5 mg/kg, and Cmax values were 2.09-3.92 micrograms/ml, while T 1/2 values were in a range of 2.9-3.8 hours. When drug concentrations in the urine were investigated, it was found that 6-hour recovery rates were 9.9% (dose: 5 mg/kg) and 53.4% (dose: 10 mg/kg) in the subjects administered the granular form, whereas recovery rates averaged 36.8% in the tablet-administered subjects. In the clinical trial, TE-031 was administered in 2-3 doses/day for 2-18 days. In cases given the granular form, dosages were 12-38 mg/kg/day, while tablets were administered at 12-29 mg/kg/day. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 92.8%, i.e., the drug was effective in 64 of 69 patients. TE-031 was ineffective in 1 case of otitis media, but efficacious in 10 of 10 (100%) cases of upper respiratory infection, 15 of 18 (83.3%) cases of bronchitis and pneumonia, 5 of 6 (83.3%) cases of pertussis, 13 of 13 (100%) cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia, 4 of 4 (100%) cases of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia, 16 of 16 (100%) cases of gastroenteritis (including 15 cases of Campylobacter gastroenteritis), and 1 (100%) case of impetigo. In bacteriological studies conducted on the patients, the overall elimination rate was 93.1%, i.e., bacterial elimination was obtained in 27 of 29 cases. TE-031 showed especially good bacteriological efficacy (100%) against C. jejuni and B. pertussis, which were eliminated from all of 15 and 2 cases examined, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on clarithromycin in pediatrics]. 252 42

During a 15-month period, 621 hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis and 152 control children were investigated for etiologic agents of the disease. Putative enteropathogens were identified in 86% of the patients and 10% of the controls. Common viral agents associated with gastroenteritis among children included rotaviruses (45%) and enteric adenoviruses (4%). Bacterial pathogens infecting children were Salmonella serotypes (24%), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (9%), Campylobacter jejuni (7%), enteropathogenic E. coli (7%), Shigella (4%), and enterotoxigenic Aeromonas sp. (1%). The highest incidence of infections was observed in the 3-25 month age group. Mixed infections were observed in 12% of the patients. Viral gastroenteritis was clinically mild and of short duration. Upper respiratory tract infections, vomiting, and watery stools were common features. In contrast, bacterial gastroenteritis was more severe; stools were frequently bloody and abdominal pain, cramps, shock, convulsions, and milk intolerance were predominant clinical features. Comparative analysis revealed differential features of bacterial and viral gastroenteritis which should help clinicians to make a tentative diagnosis and to start treatment early.
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PMID:Microbial etiology of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in Kuwait. 279 54

A 1 year follow-up study of 289 low birth weight infants (LBW) was carried out during 1984-85 in slums of Bombay: 151 were males and 138 were females. 52.9% of babies had birth weight less than 2.5 kg. Male children suffered 9.7 and females 8.6 episodes of sickness per year. Annual mean episodes of illness were: diarrhea 3.2, cough 5.3, and fever 4.8. Upper respiratory tract infection was considered fever. 98.6% breast fed successfully in the 1st week keeping it up for 2 months. Of 209 mothers, 88.5% had weaned their babies before 6 months. Commercial formula was used by only 1 mother whose baby had gastroenteritis and dies. Of 289 infants, bottle feeding was done in only 3 cases. Feeding with bowl and spoon was done in 71.3% of infants, 27.7% were not weaned at all with breastfeeding lasting 1 year. Most babies lost weight around the 7th and 8th months of life along with maximum episodes of sickness. Babies below 2 kg showed accelerated growth after weaning, and achieved grade I nutritional status. 2.7 to 3 kg weight babies failed to show any gain from the 5th month, thus advanced to 3rd grade malnutrition. 6 deaths occurred, 4 of which had birth weights less than 2 kg. 2 babies died of gastroenteritis and septicemia during the 4th and 5th month. Mortality in babies born less than 2 kg was 44.4% and above 2 kg birth weight was less that 1%. The infant mortality rate (IMR) was 38/1000 live births vs. the national range of 39-177. Prematurity caused 1.2% of deaths. Antenatal care, detection of at risk pregnancies, proper feeding and weaning practices, and complete immunization coverage can help reduce IMR in slums, and the goal of a rate below 60 by the year 2000 is feasible.
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PMID:Care of low birth weight babies in slums. 280 50

In 108 children admitted to the Maternity and Children's Hospital, Riyadh with their first febrile convulsion, clinical course, management and underlying causes were analysed. There was a preponderance of boys (69%) and a mean age of 18.6 months with a peak incidence (82%) between six months and three years. The commonest precipitating conditions were upper respiratory infection and gastroenteritis. Physical findings were confined to those of the primary disease. Routine investigations, including CSF analysis were not helpful. Convulsions were mainly of the simple type, single and symmetrical, and did not last for more than 30 minutes. Two thirds of the children reached hospital within two hours of the onset of their first convulsion, and the remainder up to ten hours after the convulsion had ceased. In only 18 patients did the parents take measures to lower the temperature or revive the child. Management of febrile convulsions is discussed. Since the condition is common and, if repeated, may have serious effects, methods of educating parents are suggested.
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PMID:The first febrile convulsion: an analysis of 108 children in Saudi Arabia. 619 23

An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a Pennsylvania summer camp in July 1978. Symptoms included abdominal pain (81 per cent), nausea (72 per cent), and vomiting (53 per cent); upper respiratory infection symptoms occurred in 35 per cent of the campers. Illness was associated with consumption of five or more glasses of water or water-containing beverages. Stool cultures from affected persons were negative for bacterial pathogens; however, a fourfold or greater rise to the Norwalk agent was demonstrated in serum samples of three of three ill persons tested and in none of eight controls (p < .02). Campers ill during the first session who were also present during the second session did not become ill during the second session (p < .001). (Am J Public Health 1982; 72:72-74.)
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PMID:Waterborne gastroenteritis due to the Norwalk agent: clinical and epidemiologic investigation. 627 8

Thirteen cases are reported wherein, following an upper respiratory infection or gastroenteritis, children developed a syndrome involving predominantly somatic complaints and objective signs of dysphoria. The syndrome picture was strikingly protracted compared to the convalescence period that would be expected following transient infectious illnesses. Psychiatric consultation was requested primarily because of extensive nonconclusive medical evaluation by the primary care physician. Most of the children showed a striking inability to recognize or acknowledge dysphoria. A multifactorial etiologic hypothesis that considers possible complementary roles of emotional, cognitive, and biological factors is offered to explain the development of this highly dysfunctional syndrome.
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PMID:Atypical somatoform disorder following infection in children--a depressive equivalent? 669 41


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