Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The hemolytic-uremic syndrome consists of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, and thrombocytopenia following a prodromal illness of gastroenteritis or upper respiratory infection. The syndrome can present in dramatic fashion with severe abdominal pain and signs of peritonitis suggesting an acute surgical crisis. In a series of 25 patients, 40% had abdominal pain, 25% had abdominal tenderness, and 20% had peritoneal signs. Clues to diagnosis in the early stages of the acute illness were mild to moderate hypertension, abnormal peripheral blood smear, anemia despite dehydration, and proteinuria. Significant abdominal pain and x-ray evidence of colitis may occur before development of typical laboratory findings, and these were evident in at least one case. Three patients underwent laparotomy for suspected bowel perforation. Colitis without perforation was found in all cases. In the absence of documented perforation, toxic megacolon, or intussusception, the decision to perform laparotomy in patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome who have signs of peritonitis must be individualized. Failure to recognize the underlying renal problem can lead to serious errors in fluid and electrolyte management and delay of appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Hemolytic-uremic syndrome: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for the surgeon. 73 58

While no unanimity of opinion exists regarding the risk to physical health from smoking marihuana, we have seen four cases that demonstrate clearly that intravenous usage is hazardous. The severity of the multisystemic involvement is dose-related. On initial examination, signs of most severe overdosage included fulminant gastroenteritis, hypoalbuminemia, toxic hepatitis confirmed by serial biopsy, acute renal failure, electrolyte disturbances, leukocytosis, anemia, and a relative thrombocytopenia. In three patients who shared a common needle, gingivostomatitis also developed.
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PMID:The toxicity of intravenously used marihuana. 117 50

This study was carried out retrospectively to evaluate the pattern of diseases associated with fever among infants aged 1-6 months at Gunung Wenang General Hospital Manado. During the period of January 1988-December 1989, 189 infants with age ranging 1-6 months, were evaluated. Diseases associated with fever predominantly occurred in infants of 3 months old (73.0%). The final clinical diagnosis of diseases associated with fever were gastroenteritis (39.15%), pneumonia (28.05%), meningitis (9%), respiratory tract infection (15.4%), post vaccination (4.20%) and septicemia (4.3%). The fever ranged from 37.8-38.3 degrees C (38%), 38.4-39.5 degrees C (49%), 39.6-41 degrees C (10%) and more than 41 degrees C (3%). The elevated body temperature was significantly related to the duration of fever (p 0.01). Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and thrombocytopenia were not correlated significantly (p greater than 0.05) with elevated body temperature while the total white cell count had a significant relationship (p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Pattern of diseases associated with fever among infants aged 1-6 months. 179 90

Six patients with the classical features of the TAR syndrome were diagnosed at birth. In one case an older sibling was also affected. The characteristic features of foreshortened forearms and radially deviated hands were noted in all cases at presentation and confirmed radiologically. With one exception skeletal abnormalities of the lower limbs were also present. Varying degrees of thrombocytopenia were present at birth with three of the five patients having platelet counts below 50 x 10(9)/L. Bone marrow examination was performed in two patients and revealed an absence of normal megakaryocytes. Two patients with severe thrombocytopenia had bleeding complications during infancy requiring transfusion support. Severe gastroenteritis occurred in two patients, in one of whom it was attributed to cow's milk intolerance. In all patients the platelet count has risen progressively since birth. Orthopedic surgical procedures have been performed without hemorrhagic complications.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations of the thrombocytopenia and absent radii (TAR) syndrome. 259 Jan 1

A 3-year-old girl is reported on who underwent laparotomy for ileocaecal intussusception elsewhere one week following severe gastroenteritis. Immediately after surgery, she developed haemolytic-uraemic syndrome with haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, increase of urea and creatinine and anuria as well as subsequent peritonitis, enterocolitis and sepsis. Following relaparotomy with establishment of ileostomy, peritoneal dialysis for several days was carried out for treatment of the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. This case demonstrates that the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome can be treated effectively by peritoneal dialysis despite fresh bowel anastomoses, and that simultaneously occurring peritonitis can be managed by intraperitoneal administration of antibiotics via dialysis fluid.
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PMID:[Peritoneal dialysis in hemolytic-uremic syndrome following ileocecal resection for invagination in postoperative peritonitis]. 275 Mar 44

The hemolytic-uremic syndrome consist of micro-angiopathic hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, and thrombocytopenia following a prodromal illness of gastroenteritis. The syndrome can present in dramatic fashion with severe abdominal pain and signs of peritonitis suggesting an acute surgical crisis. In some cases, laparotomy is necessary, and we report a case with colectomy.
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PMID:[The surgical form of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome]. 404 56

Plasma VIII:von Willebrand factor antigen (VIII:vWF) levels were elevated approximately two- to eightfold in seven patients (three adults and four children) during acute episodes of thrombocytopenia, renal failure, and hemolytic anemia (the hemolytic-uremic syndrome, HUS). In all seven patients, there was an alteration in plasma VIII:vWF patterns during these acute HUS episodes, so that the largest VIII:vWF forms were relatively decreased. Plasma VIII:vWF multimer patterns returned to normal, or nearly to normal, as platelet counts returned to preexisting levels, even in the patients whose recovery of renal function was incomplete and whose plasma VIII:vWF antigen level remained above normal. The sister of one of the HUS patients had a similar clinical prodrome (gastroenteritis) that was not followed by thrombocytopenia or renal failure and was not accompanied by an elevated level or abnormal forms of plasma VIII:vWF. These results suggest that an alteration in VIII:vWF metabolism, distribution, or interaction with platelets is associated with acute HUS episodes. In contrast to patients with chronic relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, none of the HUS patients (either during or after the acute HUS episodes) had a defect in the conversion of unusually large VIII:vWF multimers derived from endothelial cells to the VIII:vWF forms found in normal plasma.
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PMID:Abnormal VIII: von Willebrand factor patterns in the plasma of patients with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. 643 74

Seventy-two patients with neoplastic disease in a variety of anatomic sites were treated with sequential methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) followed by leucovorin (LV) rescue. Treatment consisted of MTX, 160 mg/m2 as a 10-min infusion; 5-FU, 600 mg/m2 as a bolus 90 min later; and LV, a minimum of 25 mg/m2 or 15 mg/m2 p.o. q.6h. X 4, repeated at 1- or 2-wk intervals. Responses of any type included 4 of 24 colon cancers, 3 of 12 stomach cancers, 0 of 6 pancreas cancers, 1 of 2 gallbladder cancers, 4 of 6 breast cancers, 1 of 1 uterus cancer, 2 of 2 selected lung cancers, 1 of 1 parotid cancer, 1 of 2 sarcomas, and 0 of 6 ovary cancers. Response appeared to increase survival. The best-quality responses were observed in patients with stomach, breast, and parotid tumors. Toxicities included anemia requiring transfusion (20%), anorexia during treatment with LV (16%), moderate thrombocytopenia (12%), grade 3 stomatitis (12%), moderate granulocytopenia (10%), severe conjunctivitis (6%), severe gastroenteritis (6%), vomiting (6%), anamnestic reactions (6%), possible renal failure (4%), and possible pulmonary failure (2%). One patient had life-threatening gastroenteritis and reappearance of a grade 1 to 2 skin reaction of the entire treatment field more than 5 yr after radiotherapy. Patients with prior cis-platin therapy had a 50% risk of life-threatening pancytopenia. The results encourage controlled primary trials testing intensification of the sequential combinations with parallel investigations of MTX alone with and without diminished doses of LV.
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PMID:MTX/5-FU trials in gastrointestinal and other cancers. 660 24

A disease syndrome similar to the hemolytic uremic syndrome of people is described in three dogs with acute renal failure. In each dog, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis preceded the onset of anuric acute renal failure. Evidence of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (schizocytes, thrombocytopenia, and increased concentrations of fibrin split products) was present in the three dogs. Serum chemistry results showed increased concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and phosphorus. Ultrasound examination performed in one dog revealed increased echogenicity of the renal cortices. Treatment for anuric acute renal failure using a continuous dopamine and furosemide infusion established urine production in one of three dogs. Microscopic examination of tissue from the two dogs that underwent necropsy showed occlusion of the renal vasculature by fibrin thrombi consistent with microangiopathic arteriolar thrombosis. The pathophysiology and current knowledge of human hemolytic uremic syndrome is compared with hemolytic uremic syndrome in these dogs.
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PMID:Hemolytic uremic syndrome in dogs. 824 11

Serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) were measured in children with dysentery during an epidemic caused by Shigella dysenteriae 1. IL-6 and TNF were also measured in fresh stool filtrates from children with acute gastroenteritis. The median serum IL-6 concentration was raised significantly in the children with complications (haemolytic uraemic syndrome, leukemoid reaction, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, and severe colitis lasting more than one week) during the first week (n = 18, 9-7728 pg/ml; median 107) and in the second week (n = 13, 5-312 pg/ml; median 77), compared with convalescent sera (n = 10, < 3-85 pg/ml; median 39; p < 0.02 and < 0.05 respectively). The median IL-6 concentration during the first week was significantly higher in the group with complicated disease than in those with no complications (n = 8, < 3-37 pg/ml; median 5; p < 0.001). Although serum TNF concentrations were significantly raised in the complicated group during the first and second weeks of the illness and in the uncomplicated group compared with convalescence, there was no significant difference in the TNF concentrations between the complicated and uncomplicated groups. IL-6 was detectable in stool filtrates from eight of 13 children with S dysenteriae 1 infection and four of eight children with S flexneri infection. It was not detectable in Cryptosporidia, rotavirus, or adenovirus infections, those with pathogen-negative acute diarrhoea or controls. Seven of 13 children with S dysenteriae 1 and three of nine children with S flexneri infections had TNF detectable in stools. None of the children with Salmonella, Cryptosporidia, rotavirus of children with pathogen-negative diarrhoea and controls had detectable TNF in stool filtrates. It is postulated that the local and generalised vasculitis observed in shigellosis may be related to a direct effect of Shiga toxin on endothelial cells or caused by cytokine production stimulated by endotoxin, or both.
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PMID:Concentrations of interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor in serum and stools of children with Shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. 830 92


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