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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The four alternatives discussed in the previous paper (5), are applied to a number of virus infections which are common in pigs. The enzootic state of SMEDI enteroviruses, vomiting and wasting virus and parvovirus should be promoted by bringing the young gilts into close contact with the older sow population at a sufficiently early stage. There should preferably not be a change of herd for primiparous sows during pregnancy. In parvovirus infection, maternal immunity may be so prolonged that gilts will only be infected after the time of breeding. Therefore, mating should preferably be postponed until they are nine months of age, unless previous serological tests have shown that they are in a state of active immunity. Considering the present disease situation of swine fever in several continental West European countries and consequently they high number of existing virus sources, compulsory vaccination of sows and fattening piglets is recommended against this virus on an international scale for at least three years. This vaccination can be omitted only after the number of outbreaks has been reduced to a very low level. Vaccination is the only possible alternative left in the combat against Aujezky's disease. Caution is undoubtedly indicated in using live vaccines in these cases. So far, methods have not become available for the effective control of transmissible gastroenteritis and prospects are not encouraging. The possibility of eradication of transmissible gastroenteritis is discussed.
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PMID:[Possible methods of control of virus disease in swine today and in the future. II. Specific applications (author's transl)]. 65 95

In the course of the El Tor cholera epidemic in Togo (West Africa), Vibrio parahaemolyticus was identified as the causative agent of a cholera-like gastroenteritis. From September 1971 to March 1973 81 cases were confirmed bacteriologically. Seventy patients developed cholera-like symptoms and at first were wrongly diagnosed as cholera cases; 6 other patients were simultaneoulsy infected with El Tor vibrios and V. parachaemolyticus. There was a markedly higher incidence in males than in females. Only sporadic cases occurred, and outbreaks and secondary cases have not been observed. It is suggested that V. parahaemolyticus might be an important agent of acute gastroenteritis on the coast of West Africa.
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PMID:Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis during, the El Tor cholera epidemic in Togo (West Africa). 111 49

Vibrio vulnificus is an extremely invasive gram-negative bacillus that causes bacteremia and shock. It should be suspected in any patient who is immunocompromised or has liver disease or hemochromatosis. Reduced gastric acidity may also increase the risk of infection if a patient presents with a history of ingesting raw shellfish (especially oysters) or trauma in brackish waters and skin lesions. Patients most commonly present with one of three clinical syndromes: primary septicemia, wound infection, or gastroenteritis. Treatment includes aggressive wound debridement, antibiotic therapy, and supportive care. Rapidly diagnosing and promptly initiating therapy are critical because V vulnificus infection is rapidly progressive and mortality approaches 100% if septic shock occurs.
West J Med 1991 Oct
PMID:Vibrio vulnificus. Hazard on the half shell. 177 90

Geographical areas in the Cape Province are ranked by their need for resources for child health care as determined by several proxy indicators of child health. Low birthweight and perinatal mortality rates for 1989, infant and age-specific childhood death rates, as well as death rates for tuberculosis, gastroenteritis and measles for 1985 are used as indicators of need. The ten magisterial districts having the highest priority for resources are, in decreasing order of need: De Aar, Colesberg, Uitenhage, Sterkstroom, Gordonia, Prince Albert, Philipstown, Victoria West, Kirkwood and Richmond. Limitations in the data are: wide, unquantifiable confidence limits, non-independence of different indicators, lack of timeliness, and incomplete statistics. Despite these problems with the data there are several reasons for employing them. Firstly, the quality of the data is only likely to be improved if they are actually used, and, secondly, there is no alternative. Areas identified as high priority need investigation in situ because corrective action is required for either the data collection system, or child health. Recommendations for improvements in resource management in child health care are: regionalisation of a unitary health care service, more timely data collection in geographically standardised regions, introduction of management objectives, and resource allocation guided by health status indicators.
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PMID:Priorities for provision of health care services for children in the Cape Province. 194 62

The epidemiology of helminth infections in West African dwarf sheep and goats under the traditional husbandry system prevailing in the derived savanna area of eastern Nigeria was studied for 12 months. The infections observed were due to Haemonchus contortus (87.1%), Trichostrongylus spp. (63.8%), metacestodes of Taenia hydatigena (30.2%), Oesophagostomum columbianum (22.4%), Strongyloides sp. (18.8%), Cooperia spp. (17.2%), Gaigeria pachyscelis (6.0%), Moniezia expansa (6.0%), Bunostomum trigonocephalum (4.3%), Trichuris ovis (3.5%), Capillaria sp. (0.9%) and paramphistomes (0.9%). Mixed infections were most prevalent. The endemicity of parasitic gastroenteritis in the area was indicated by the high prevalence of the helminths irrespective of the season of the year. The overall trend in helminthosis in these animals was that of an escalating worm burden during the period of confinement (April - October) and a low worm burden when animals were allowed free range (November - March), these periods corresponding to the cropping and harvest seasons respectively. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.73; p less than 0.01) was obtained between the mean strongyle worm burden and the eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces. A single treatment with a broad spectrum anthelmintic followed by movement into clean sheds at the beginning of confinement is suggested to give control of helminthosis in small ruminants in this area.
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PMID:The epidemiology of helminthosis in small ruminants under the traditional husbandry system in eastern Nigeria. 224 44

A review of 598 cases of measles admitted to the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, (Nigeria) between January 1982 and December 1984, was undertaken. One hundred and fourteen children (19%) had measles by the age of nine months, and the number increased to 298 (49.8%) by 12 months of age. There were 207 (34.6%) cases during the second year of life and only 93 children second year of life and only 93 children (15.5%) were above two years of age. The most prevalent months for measles was found to be February, March and April, when 312 (52.29) of the cases occurred. Overall mortality was 71 (11.9%) with 58 (81.7%) deaths occurring among children two years and below. The commonest complications were bronchopneumonia and gastroenteritis with dehydration. Early immunization and further research, particularly into the optimum age for immunization is advocated.
West Afr J Med
PMID:The pattern of measles in Ilorin. 226 64

Thirty-two episodes of malaria (10 confirmed by laboratory tests) were reported by 162 people living in 18 developing countries under the auspices of one British missionary society. Malaria was endemic in all countries involved, and a total of 367 person-years were observed. The overall incidence rate for malaria was 87.3 per 1000 person-years at risk. Important factors identified were residence in West Africa compared with elsewhere (relative risk (RR) = 13.0, P less than 0.001), being in the 20-39 year age group (RR = 3.2, P less than 0.002), history of gastroenteritis (RR = 3.1, P less than 0.002) and living in a rural area (RR = 1.7, n.s.). Chemoprophylaxis was taken by 119 people (73.5%).
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PMID:Risk factors for malaria among British missionaries living in tropical countries. 227 4

This study records our experience with 40 infants who developed acute renal failure in a tropical environment over a period of 2 years. All the patients required intermittent peritoneal dialysis. Septicaemia (88%) and acute gastroenteritis (55%) constituted the leading causes of acute renal failure. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome was present in six (18%) patients. An elevated serum creatinine (85%), metabolic encephalopathy (75%), uncompensated metabolic acidosis (75%) and hyperkalaemia (48%) were the major indications for dialysis, while fluid overload was present in only 18% of the infants. Intermittent peritoneal dialysis was used in all the patients and was found to be effective. Procedural complications were minor and infrequently encountered. The clinical course and laboratory data consistent with haemolytic uraemic syndrome was observed in six patients, and acute tubular necrosis was the predominant renal lesion in the remainder. Mortality was 75%. The aetiology of acute renal failure in infants in the tropics differs significantly from that in the West, and even within a given country marked regional variations exist.
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PMID:Acute renal failure in infants in the tropics. 250 74

Examination of 45 human fecal isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus revealed the emergence of an unusual bioserovar (O4:K12, urease positive) associated with cases of gastroenteritis which appear to be domestically acquired on the West Coast of the United States and Mexico.
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PMID:Emergence of a restricted bioserovar of Vibrio parahaemolyticus as the predominant cause of Vibrio-associated gastroenteritis on the West Coast of the United States and Mexico. 259 53

After acute gastroenteritis, delayed recovery and protracted diarrhoea may occur, particularly in very young infants, in bottle-fed malnourished infants, and after rota virus infection. Monosaccharide and disaccharide malabsorption have been demonstrated to contribute to postenteritis problems in these children. The contribution of secondary food protein intolerance to the perpetuation of diarrhoea after gastroenteritis is less well understood. Secondary sugar intolerance is diagnosed by estimation of stool pH, Clinitest, H2 breath testing and, in some cases, direct enzyme determination from biopsy material. Diagnosis of secondary cow's milk or soy-protein intolerance has to be done by clinical challenge. Dietary therapy consists of elimination of the malabsorbed food compound. A general elimination diet (lactose-free protein hydrolysate formula) is not necessary in the majority of cases but may be life-saving in individual infants. In West European countries postenteritis problems have become less in quality and quantity during the last few years.
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PMID:[Secondary carbohydrate and protein intolerances following gastroenteritis]. 268 14


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