Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the pathologic findings in specimens submitted for histologic and cytologic evaluation from 67 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A wide variety of opportunistic pathogens were identified in 41 patients. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare evoked only a mild host response: granulomas, if present, were poorly formed. Biopsy specimens showing cytomegalovirus gastroenteritis required sections at multiple levels to demonstrate inclusions. Combined histologic and cytologic evaluation can increase the diagnostic yield in pulmonary and esophageal infections. Kaposi's sarcoma was found in biopsy specimens from 29 patients. Early lesions were often extremely subtle, yet distinct from, benign vascular proliferations in involuted lymph nodes. Malignant lymphoma was diagnosed in ten homosexual men who were suspected of having the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The lymphomas were characterized by B-cell origin, a diffuse pattern, frequent extranodal presentations, and an aggressive clinical course with prominent central nervous system involvement.
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PMID:Diagnostic pathology in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Surgical pathology and cytology experience with 67 patients. 298 18

Population density and immune status, vectors and virulence of infection, nutritional status, sanitation, genetic susceptibility and medical management of cases, are important factors influencing the incidence and/or severity of virus infections. Thus, the prevalence and clinical importance of virus infections and the need for antiviral drugs differ from place to place and from time to time. National and World Health Statistics of notifications of disease give some index of the incidence of infections but not all virus infections are notifiable. Such statistics can be misleading also through failures to notify from sloth on the part of the physician or, in the absence of pathognomonic symptoms or signs, from errors in diagnosis. Any assessment of the need for new antiviral drugs should consider the availability, safety, effectiveness and cost of alternative measures, including prevention of spread of infection by control of vectors, immunization by use of viral vaccines, or treatment with existing antiviral drugs. Early start of treatment of acute virus infections with existing drugs gives the best results and, where the clinical diagnosis is uncertain, accurate rapid virus diagnosis is of paramount importance. Many virus infections are asymptomatic or of trivial importance and without sequelae. However, new or improved antiviral drugs are needed for the prevention and/or treatment of a number of significant conditions caused by viruses which are not at present adequately controlled. These include upper and lower respiratory tract infections, influenza, chronic hepatitis, gastroenteritis, infectious mononucleosis, measles, rabies, haemorrhagic fevers and warts. Furthermore, such drugs might prove of therapeutic value in the prevention or treatment of virus-associated tumours, such as hepatoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma and possibly carcinoma of the cervix.
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PMID:The need for new antiviral agents. 300 26

Acute gastroenteritis is common in adults. It can occur in institutional epidemics or epidemics of food-borne illness; in these cases, caliciviruses are the major cause of the condition. When acute gastroenteritis occurs in nonepidemic form, its causes are less clear. It may be due to caliciviruses or to the less common serotypes of childhood gastroenteritis viruses, such as rotavirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus. The pathogenesis of acute viral gastroenteritis is not completely understood. Old evidence suggests that mild villus damage is responsible, but new evidence indicates that active secretion and motility disturbance may be involved in the production of symptoms. Five common viruses can remain latent in gastrointestinal tissues and produce disease many years after initial infection. Two major herpesviruses, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus, cause ulcerative disease of the gastrointestinal tract. This disease occurs in healthy persons but is more common and more severe in immunocompromised patients. Three other viruses--Epstein-Barr virus, human papilloma virus, and human herpesvirus-8--are implicated in benign and malignant proliferative diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Epstein-Barr virus has been associated with immunoproliferative disease after transplantation and may also cause small-bowel and colonic lymphoma in healthy adults. It causes most AIDS-related lymphomas. Human papillomaviruses cause anorectal condyloma and anal cancer. Human herpesvirus-8 causes gastrointestinal Kaposi sarcoma.
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PMID:Viral infections of the gastrointestinal tract. 1098 Sep 63

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are ubiquitously expressed, covalently closed rings, produced by pre-mRNA splicing in a reversed order during post-transcriptional processing. Circularity endows 3'-5'-linked circRNAs with stability and resistance to exonucleolytic degradation which raises the question whether circRNAs may be relevant as potential therapeutic targets or agents. High stability in biological systems is the most remarkable property and a major criterion for why circRNAs could be exploited for a range of RNA-centred medical applications. Even though various biological roles and regulatory functions of circRNAs have been reported, their in-depth study is challenging because of their circular structure and sequence-overlap with linear mRNA counterparts. Moreover, little is known about their role in viral infections and in antiviral immune responses. We believe that an in-depth and detailed understanding of circRNA mediated viral protein regulations will increase our knowledge of the biology of these novel molecules. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive basis and overview on the biogenesis, significance and regulatory roles of circRNAs in the context of antiviral immune responses and viral infections including hepatitis C virus infection, hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis delta virus infection, influenza A virus infection, Epstein-Barr virus infection, kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus infection, human cytomegalovirus infection, herpes simplex virus infection, human immunodeficiency virus infection, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus infection, ORF virus infection, avian leukosis virus infection, simian vacuolating virus 40 infection, transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus infection, and bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection. We have also discussed the critical regulatory role of circRNAs in provoking antiviral immunity, providing evidence for implications as therapeutic agents and as diagnostic markers.
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PMID:The emerging role and significance of circular RNAs in viral infections and antiviral immune responses: possible implication as theranostic agents. 3261 49