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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of ingested Salmonella enteritidis (SE) dose on incubation period and on the severity and duration of illness were estimated in a cohort of 169 persons who developed gastroenteritis after eating hollandaise sauce made from grade-A shell eggs. The cohort was divided into three groups based on self-reported dose of sauce ingested. As dose increased, median incubation period decreased (37 h in the low exposure group v. 21 h in the medium exposure group v. 17.5 h in the high exposure group, P = 0.006) and greater proportions reported body aches (71 v. 85 v. 94%, P = 0.0009) and vomiting (21 v. 56 v. 57%, P = 0.002). Among 118 case-persons who completed a follow-up questionnaire, increased dose was associated with increases in median weight loss in kilograms (3.2 v. 4.5 v. 5.0, P = 0.0001), maximum daily number of stools (12.5 v. 15.0 v. 20.0, P = 0.02), subjective rating of illness severity (P = 0.0007), and the number of days of confinement to bed (3.0 v. 6.5 v. 6.5, P = 0.04). In this outbreak, ingested dose was an important determinant of the incubation period, symptoms and severity of acute salmonellosis.
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PMID:Dose-response effects in an outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis. 811 52

The epidemiology of salmonellosis has undergone a change during the last 2 years. An increase in the number of cases of enteritis and sepsis caused by Salmonella enteritidis has been observed. We report on the case of a 65-year-old woman with mitral valve endocarditis due to Salmonella enteritidis. The infective endocarditis occurred without prior episodes of gastroenteritis. After having undergone prosthetic valve replacement and antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin, the patient recovered completely.
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PMID:[Mitral valve endocarditis caused by Salmonella enteritidis]. 825 14

Between January and June 1990, Restaurant A in Greenville, South Carolina repeatedly failed local health department inspection and was repeatedly sanctioned. In September 1990, two persons, hospitalized with salmonellosis after attending a convention catered by Restaurant A, contacted the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. We inspected Restaurant A, interviewed food handlers, and surveyed by telephone persons from every sixth business attending the convention. Of 398 persons interviewed, 135 (34%) reported gastroenteritis. Nine had culture-confirmed salmonella infection. People who ate turkey were 4.6 times more likely to become ill than those who did not eat turkey (95% confidence interval 2.0, 10.6). We estimate that of 2430 attendees, 824 became ill. Sanitarians judged Restaurant A's kitchen too small to prepare over 500 meals safely. The cooked turkey was unrefrigerated for several hours, incompletely rewarmed, and rinsed with water to reduce its offensive odour prior to serving. Stronger sanctions may be needed against restaurants that repeatedly fail local health department inspection.
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PMID:A large salmonellosis outbreak associated with a frequently penalized restaurant. 843 21

A total of 345 calf carcases of mainly dairy breeds from the farms around Kabete area were examined at the post-mortem facility in the Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nairobi, over a 10-year period (1980-1989). About 46.8% of the total deaths took place within the first 2 months, 31.8% of them in the first month and 13.3% in the first 2 weeks. In 23 cases (6.7%) no specific cause of death was determined. The major causes of death were diseases of the alimentary tract (31.3%)--mainly gastroenteritis (76/108) due to colibacillosis, salmonellosis, coccidiosis and helminthiasis, and bloat (20/108). The other major causes of death were diseases of the respiratory tract (16.8%)--mainly pneumonia (42/58), and tick-borne diseases (13.3%)--mainly east coast fever (ECF) (37/46). The alimentary and respiratory diseases were most common in the 1-30 d age group. The other causes of death occurred in the following frequencies: musculoskeletal system (7.0%), septicaemia (6.7%), malnutrition (6.1%), cardiovascular system (3.7%), nervous system (3.2%), liver (2.6%) and poisoning (2.6%).
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PMID:Causes of calf mortality in Kabete area of Kenya. 862 71

Non-typhoid Salmonella infection in man has been divided into five clinical groups: gastroenteritis, enteric fever, bacteraemia, chronic carrier state and localized infection. This classification has neither pathogenic nor prognostic significance. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 183 patients with extraintestinal salmonellosis who presented to our institution during a period of 32 years. Patients were classified into four groups: primary bacteraemia (PB), enteritis-associated bacteraemia (secondary bacteraemia) (SB), digestive focal infection (DI) and non-digestive focal infection (NDI). Sex, age, acquisition, underlying disease and outcome were compared between patients with bacteraemia and diseases with focal infection. The differences found between PB and SB were: community acquisition (66% in PB and 85% in SB, p = 0.06) severe immunosuppression (53% in PB and 15% in SB, p < 0.001) and mortality (37% in PB and 3% in SB, p < 0.001). The differences found between NDI and DI were: age over 60 years (45% in NDI and 18% in DI, p < 0.05), severe immunosuppression (51% in NDI and 12% DI, p < 0.001) and associated bacteraemia (38% in NDI and 6% in DI, p < 0.001). This classification of extraintestinal salmonellosis may have pathogenic and prognostic implications, and could help us to understand the clinical significance of this disease.
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PMID:Classifying extraintestinal non-typhoid Salmonella infections. 872 53

A total of 134 cases of salmonella infections have been noted during the past 10 years in our hospital. Cases of non-typhoidal salmonellosis increased gradually but infections due to Salmonella typhi did not show the same trend. Gastroenteritis was the most prevalent diagnosis in patients below 1 year of age and non-typhoidal bacteraemia and localized infections were the most prevalent in patients over 50 years. Diabetes mellitus was an important underlying disease especially in patients with localized infections (86%). Travelling history played an important role in cases of enteric fever. The susceptibility pattern in non-typhoidal salmonella changed markedly over the study period; multiple drug resistance was noted. The susceptibility pattern of S. typhi showed no significant change. Seven deaths due to salmonella infections were noted (5.2%); all due to non-typhoidal salmonellosis, especially serogroup B. Age above 50 years, localized infection, infection with serogroup B and diabetes were poor prognostic factors.
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PMID:Salmonella infections: a retrospective 10-year analysis of 134 cases in a regional hospital in Taiwan. 879 85

A case-control study of 85 cases with non-typhoid Salmonella gastroenteritis, 85 outpatient controls and 79 inpatient controls was conducted among children in Monfalcone, north-east Italy, between June 1989 and June 1994. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of demographic and socio-economic characteristics, duration of breastfeeding, history of intestinal illnesses and household diarrhoea, and the recent use of antimicrobials. Breastfeeding was the single most important factor associated with a 5-fold decreased risk of Salmonella infection. In addition, children who were treated with antimicrobials before onset of gastroenteritis had a 3-fold increased risk. Low social class and history of other chronic non-infectious intestinal diseases were also directly associated with illness.
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PMID:A case-control study of Salmonella gastrointestinal infection in Italian children. 881 45

This article provides information on the role and significance of laboratory testing in the evaluation of the dog or cat from which a potentially pathogenic bacteria is isolated. Salmonellosis, Campylobacteriosis, clostridial-induced disease, and Helicobacteriosis are all discussed from the clinical presentation of the patient to the interpretation of any laboratory testing. The diagnosis of bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract requires the clinician to evaluate the infectious agent, the host animal, and the effects of environmental stresses. History, carrier states, physical examination, and laboratory tests are discussed in the context of the differential diagnosis of gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Diagnosing emerging bacterial infections: salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, clostridial toxicosis, and helicobacteriosis. 894 16

For feeding purposes shellfish filter large amounts of water but also concentrate infectious agents and toxins that are present in the marine environment either naturally or because of pollution. Thus, the consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish is a substantial source of foodborne poisoning, mostly epidemic and sometimes sporadic. Most of shellfish-borne infectious diseases are linked to fecal contamination of the marine environment; they include: thyphoid fever, salmonellosis, shigellosis, campylobacteriosis, cholera, Norwalk or Norwalk-like gastroenteritis and hepatitis A. In warm climates, shellfish contains naturally occurring halopilic Vibrios and may cause severe sporadic infections (septicemias) among very susceptible consumers (immunocompromised). Shellfish also causes outbreaks of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) when they are contaminated by toxins produced when Dinophisis, a marine plancton, proliferates. Chemical compounds (heavy metals and organic toxins) that are dumped in the environment (soil, air, and water) also reach shellfish harvesting waters where they are cocentrated. Although acute or chronic effects of the chemical contamination of shellfish have not been clearly documented, the cadmium pollution of some shellfish harvesting waters raises a serious problem. Since it is impossible to prevent completely the contamination of coastal waters by any of the agents cited above, the prevention of shellfish-borne diseases requires monitoring of the marine environment and shellfish flesh (coliform count, Dinophysis toxins, heavy metals...). This surveillance allows the classification of growing areas as suitable or not for harvesting and distribution of shellfish. However, this surveillance is not always sensitive enough. Indicators of fecal pollution are particularly not reliable for shellfish viral contamination. A better knowledge of marine biology, the limitation of coastal waters pollution, improved surveillance, the development of more sensitive indicators, the responsabilisation of the industry and the information of the public on the health hazards associated with shellfish consumption are the key issues for the improvement of shellfish-borne disease prevention.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of toxic and infectious risk related to shellfish consumption]. 896 39

Salmonella infections are a principal source of gastroenteritis and enteric fever in a variety of animals, including humans. An essential step in the development of Salmonella pathogenesis is the entry of bacteria into non-phagocytic cells, including those that line the intestinal epithelium. As a consequence of specific cues from the host intestinal micro-environment, Salmonella entry into the intestinal epithelium is the product of a multistep process that culminates in host cell membrane ruffling, and subsequent bacterial uptake. The events that trigger the internalization event appear to require an array of bacterial secreted proteins, exemplified by the formation of bacterial surface appendages (invasomes) which are important for the induction of host-cell signal transduction pathways that lead to membrane ruffling. In addition, during intestinal disease states induced by Salmonella typhimurium, transepithelial migration of neutrophils rapidly follows attachment of the bacteria to the epithelial membrane. Current evidence indicates that the intestinal epithelium plays a key role in orchestrating the inflammatory response to surface attached S. typhimurium. In this review, we explore current insights on the molecular pathways utilized by Salmonella spp. in cell binding that are important not only in the processes of Salmonella internalization but also in the generation of signals which lead to active states of intestinal inflammation.
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PMID:New insights on molecular pathways utilized by salmonella species in cell binding. 915 21


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