Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two pediatric patients with salmonella infections (one with typhoid fever and the second with salmonella C2 gastroenteritis), had a diffuse abdominal uptake of Ga-67 citrate. The possible explanation for this finding is discussed. Salmonella infection should be included as a cause in the differential diagnosis of diffuse accumulation of Ga-67 citrate.
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PMID:Diffuse abdominal gallium-67 citrate uptake in salmonella infections. 312 13

Infections with salmonellae causing gastroenteritis rarely lead to bacteremia (1-4%), and serious courses are almost exclusively observed in patients with a compromised immune system. In 1986-1987 we observed 4 patients with no evidence of disturbed cell-mediated immunity, who presented with severe bacteremic salmonellosis (1 patient with S. Heidelberg and 3 with S. enteritidis). 1 patient had septic shock with rhabdomyolysis, 1 patient acute renal failure and 1 patient acute endocarditis.
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PMID:[Salmonella enteritis with a serious course in patients without a suppressed immune system]. 323 99

The level of excretion of free amino acids and lipids in the stool was determined in children of young age with a severe course of acute intestinal infections (dysentery, salmonellosis, acute gastroenteritis and gastroenterocolitis of unknown etiology). The study has shown that excretion of free amino acids in the stool at the height of the disease considerably exceeds that in healthy children. Normalization of these disorders during convalescence is much behind clinical convalescence.
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PMID:[The level of fecal excretion of free amino acids and lipids in children with acute intestinal infections]. 323 85

While salmonellosis is often considered to affect primarily the gastrointestinal tract, infection at other sites may occur, producing characteristic clinical syndromes. We reviewed cases from our institutions and the literature on focal manifestations of salmonella infections. In the past, most extra-intestinal salmonella infections were caused by S. choleraesuis; however, we found S. typhimurium to be the predominant serotype. The mortality rate for patients in our series was considerably lower than the rate described for focal infections in other reviews. This may in part be due to lower proportion of infections due to S. choleraesuis, improved microbiologic and diagnostic techniques, increased use of ampicillin, and improved surgical techniques. Salmonella endocarditis usually occurs in patients with preexisting heart disease. Unlike other salmonella infections, S. choleraesuis is the most frequent serotype. Salmonella endocarditis is often very destructive, with a fatality rate of 70%. Nonvalvular (mural) endocarditis occurs in one-fourth of patients and survival has not been reported. While antibiotic therapy should be tried initially, if response is not prompt the clinician should look for an associated site of infection (intra- or extra-cardiac abscess), which will often require surgery. Salmonella pericarditis often presents with cardiac or pulmonary symptoms, but typical signs of pericardial disease (pulsus paradoxus, friction rub) or characteristic electrocardiographic changes (low voltage, elevated ST segments) are uncommon. Early diagnosis, before infection involves other areas of the heart, is crucial for survival. In addition to antibiotic therapy, pericardiocentesis or pericardiectomy is required. Salmonella may infect the peripheral or visceral arteries, but the abdominal aorta is the most frequent site of vascular infection. Most patients are men over age 50 with preexisting atherosclerosis of the aorta who do not have a previous history of gastroenteritis. About one-fourth of patients have associated lumbar osteomyelitis. No patients have been reported to survive with medical therapy alone. Specific guidelines for surgical removal of infected aneurysms have been proposed and these (in addition to increased use of ampicillin) may be responsible for higher survival rates in recent years. Due to the high incidence of relapses, postoperative blood cultures should be done routinely. Arterial infection should be considered in any elderly patient with salmonella bacteremia especially with prolonged fever or bacteremia after an "adequate course" of antibiotic therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Extra-intestinal manifestations of salmonella infections. 330 60

A previously healthy 2.5-year-old boy developed symptoms of acute pyelonephritis following an acute gastroenteritis. The patient received parenteral ampicillin and gentamicin for 72 hours and then ampicillin for an additional 11 days when the original urine and stool cultures grew Salmonella enteritidis, sensitive to ampicillin. The patient responded very well to treatment, but B-mode renal ultrasonogram revealed a left hydronephrosis and megaureter suggestive of longstanding obstruction of the ureterovesicular junction, later confirmed by other diagnostic studies and by surgical exploration and repair. Salmonella infection has been rarely documented to cause pyelonephritis in children. Obstructive uropathy appears to be a predisposing factor for this unusual complication of Salmonella enteritis.
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PMID:Salmonella enteritidis. A rare cause of pyelonephritis in children. 351 8

A major outbreak of gastroenteritis was traced to Cheddar cheese contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium. There were no significant differences in pH values of the contaminated (mean pH 5.31) and non-contaminated (mean pH 5.39) cheese. The isolation rates of Salm. typhimurium were about the same when cheese samples were homogenized in lactose broth, lactose broth containing 1% Tween 80, or in aqueous 2% sodium citrate. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated regardless of preenrichment in lactose broth, but required selective enrichment in selenite cystine or tetrathionate brilliant green broth. There were no marked differences in the isolation rates obtained with different selective enrichment media, or after incubation at 36 degrees and 43 degrees C for 24 or 48 h. Contaminated samples of cheese failed to yield Salm. typhimurium consistently despite large and multiple samplings; samples from the interior of cheese blocks yielded positive results more frequently than the samples from the exterior. The number of Salm. typhimurium in factory sealed blocks as well as in samples obtained from the homes of known cases of salmonellosis was found to range from less than 3/100 g to 9/100 g of cheese. The infective dose of Salm. typhimurium in contaminated cheese was probably no greater than 10(4) organisms, and a rapid decline in numbers of Salm. typhimurium must have occurred subsequent to the outbreak.
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PMID:Laboratory studies on salmonella-contaminated cheese involved in a major outbreak of gastroenteritis. 353 Nov 40

Serial measurements of serum and secretory antibodies to Salmonella typhimurium were made by ELISA in eight patients with suspected reactive arthritis identified after a large outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis. All three patients from whom Salmonella had been isolated developed significant serum IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses. Only one of the three possessed HLA-B27. A further three patients, two with HLA-B27, had raised antibodies, although none had experienced gastroenteritis. Salmonella infection was not confirmed in the remaining two patients. The three B27-negative patients with confirmed reactive arthritis had HLA-B locus antigens which serologically cross-react with B27. One of six patients with confirmed reactive arthritis was under the age of 25 years whereas 256 of 418 (61%) patients with uncomplicated enteritis were under this age. The development of reactive arthritis may follow subclinical Salmonella infection and is influenced by genetic and age-related factors.
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PMID:Salmonella reactive arthritis: serum and secretory antibodies in eight patients identified after a large outbreak. 394 38

A study was done of 117 children with nontyphoidal salmonellosis from the clinic and inpatient populations of The Montreal Children's Hospital. Uncomplicated gastroenteritis was the most common clinical presentation and the mean duration of illness was 8.7 days. Eleven (24%) of 45 patients tested had bacteremia; retrospective analysis of these patients did not reveal major differences in clinical presentation, laboratory findings, underlying disease or complications when compared with the patients from whom blood cultures were not taken. There were no complications in any of the patients and no deaths. Prolonged stool carriage beyond eight weeks was not a problem except in infants under the age of 3 months, of whom 27% were carriers eight weeks after the onset of illness. Antibiotic therapy was not effective in treating the acute illness and seemed to prolong carriage in young infants.
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PMID:Clinical spectrum and carrier state of nontyphoidal salmonella infections in infants and children. 485 58

A retrospective study was done in children in whom salmonellosis was confirmed by laboratory findings with the aim of reviewing etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations and therapy. The 15 serotypes most frequently isolated from stool, and in exceptional cases from urine, are discussed. If patients with typhoid fever are excluded, only one patient (who subsequently died) had a blood culture positive for Salmonella, specifically S. enteritidis.No seasonal or other peaks of incidence were noted. Age appeared to be important; of 81 patients with gastroenteritis, 30 were less than 6 months old.Two children in the older age group developed complications; one with appendicitis required surgery.Ten strains of Salmonella out of 23 tested by the disc method showed in vitro resistance to ampicillin on primary isolation.Acquired in vitro resistance to one or more antibiotics appeared to develop with six Salmonella strains reisolated from patients after or during antibiotic treatment.In several children the stool cultures remained positive after clinical signs had disappeared. These findings strongly suggest that, even though antibiotic therapy may improve the symptoms of Salmonella infection, it does not decrease the number of carriers during the convalescent period.
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PMID:[Salmonellosis in children: study of 95 cases in the Hospital Ste-Justine, Montreal, in 1963-1964]. 517 43

Salmonella typhimurium isolated in Bombay from fecal samples of 145 patients suffering from gastroenteritis (group 1) and from the cerebrospinal fluid, feces, or blood of 42 patients with systemic salmonellosis (group 2) were examined for the antimicrobial resistance and incompatibility groups of their R plasmids. Multiple drug resistance was encountered in 88.9% of the isolates from group 1 and in all the isolates from group 2. The resistance found was mainly against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. In addition to these resistances, a number of isolates were also resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and gentamicin. The overall isolation frequency of strains resistant to these last drugs was significantly higher in group 2. The drug resistance in 95.3% of the isolates from group 1 and in all the isolates from group 2 was plasmid mediated. Incompatibility grouping of the R plasmids and phage typing of the isolates indicated that a clone of S. typhimurium with phage type pattern 66/122/untypable carrying Tra- IncF1me, Tra- Inc1, and Tra- Inc2 plasmids was most prevalent in Bombay from 1978 to 1980, and examples of this clone, especially those resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and gentamicin, were most often responsible for severe septicemic infection. A majority of the remaining S. typhimurium isolates were untypable and harbored plasmids of groups IncC, IncF1me, IncFII, IncH1, IncH2, IncI1 and IncI2; these isolates were rarely associated with systemic infection.
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PMID:Antimicrobial resistance and incompatibility groups of R plasmids in Salmonella typhimurium isolated from human sources in Bombay from 1978 to 1980. 633 20


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