Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human salmonellosis due to Salmonella krefeld is very rare. During 1976-1978, a large outbreak of S. krefeld gastroenteritis occurred in Thailand, mainly in children. The majority of strains were multiply drug resistant with high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC for these drugs were ampicillin (Ap) 256-4096 mg/l, chloramphenicol (Cm) 256-512 mg/l, kanamycin (Km) 512- greater than 4096 mg/l, streptomycin (Sm) greater than 1024 mg/l, sulfamethoxazole (Su) 4096- greater than 8192 mg/l, tetracycline (Tc) 64-128 mg/l and trimethoprim (Tp) 64-256 mg/l. Resistance to Su and Tp declined after the period of the epidemic. The resistance genes were found to be highly transferable at a rate of 10(-2) to 10(-4). All strains with more than five resistance markers had large molecular weight plasmids of 120-140 megadaltons. The restriction profile analysis of plasmids from isolates collected from various regions of the country showed similarity of DNA fragment pattern. These isolates were resistant to Ap, Cm, Km, Sm, Su and Tc.
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PMID:Salmonella krefeld in Thailand: II. Molecular biology of drug resistance. 207 78

A total of 106 out of 267 patients admitted with acute gastroenteritis to Medical Department C, Odense Hospital, during the period 1977-1988 had acquired the condition abroad. This group was investigated retrospectively. During the period of investigation, the number of patients with "traveller's diarrhoea" increased but compurized constantly approximately 40% of the patients admitted with acute gastroenteritis. The patients were investigated routinely for pathogenic intestinal bacteria and parasites and the etiology could be determined in 72%. Salmonella infections were found in 50% and 1/5 of these were caused by Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi. Double and triple infections occurred. 51% of the infections were acquired in Asia and Africa although less than 7% of Danish package tours visit these regions. Five patients (5%) developed serious complications.
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PMID:[Diarrhea acquired abroad--traveller's diarrhea. Admissions to Medical Department C, Odense Hospital, during the period 1977-1988]. 221 16

Because of its large size, the African great cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) is valued for food and has become a popular meat in western Africa. A survey was conducted to determine the occurrence of salmonellae in cane rats. Ten strains of Salmonella sp. were isolated from eight of 25 (32%) cane rats. Salmonella ajiobo was isolated from the spleen and intestines of three cane rats; S. agama was obtained from the spleen, liver and intestines of three animals; and S. poona was isolated from the spleen and liver of two cane rats. The occurrence of salmonellae in T. swinderianus is a potential public health hazard. Humans may become exposed to infection by consumption of inadequately cooked infected cane rat meat, or by eating vegetables, sugar cane and fruits contaminated with excretions of carrier cane rats. Incidents of human salmonellosis attributable to cane rat meat have not yet been reported; however, all three serotypes isolated from the cane rats have also been isolated from stools of patients suffering from gastroenteritis in Nigeria.
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PMID:Salmonellae in the African great cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus). 230 92

Rapid air travel has increased the potential for international transmission of infectious diseases. Important aspects of this problem include the transmission of foodborne and waterborne illnesses, the translocation of insect vectors, the rapid transport of individuals with incubating illnesses, the direct transmission of diseases inside aircraft and the transmission of zoonoses through animal transport. Infectious outbreaks on aircraft and in the vicinity of airports have included influenza, staphylococcal gastroenteritis, salmonellosis, cholera and malaria.
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PMID:International spread of disease by air travel. 268 87

The diagnostically and in regard to surveillance rather comprehensively recorded salmonellosis bear the character of a model of zoonotic diarrhoeal diseases. Whereas those serovars predominantly adapted to human beings or animal species are without any importance in this connection, such serovars with own epizootic processes in different animal species with or without causing illness are able to be transferred to human beings via foods of animal origin and to act as etiological agents of gastroenteritis. Some strains of them equipped by special properties often encoded by plasmids can be transferred from man to man, too. In GDR in 1987 S. enteritidis (34.0%), S. typhimurium (17.9%), S. manhattan (7.7%) and S. agona (7.4%) amounted to two thirds of all the salmonella isolates in connection with human enteritis. For analyzing epizootic-epidemic processes in the case of rare serovars the identity of serovars is sufficient in first approximation, in the case of frequently isolated serovars the complex typing of the concerned strains by using epidemiological laboratory methods is required.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of salmonellosis]. 269 8

Salmonella typhimurium infection was diagnosed in 186 patients aged 18-56. The clinical picture was that of gastroenteritis (73.1%), enteritis (14.0%), gastritis (6.45%), gastroenterocolitis (6.45%). Salmonellosis of moderate severity presented in 88.7% of patients, a severe course occurred in 11.3%. Concomitant disorders arose in 22.6% of cases. Immunological investigation disclosed T-lymphopenia, reduced number of multireceptor RFC, both T-helpers and T-suppressors. The levels of 0-lymphocytes and CIC were on the increase. Salmonellosis of long duration was characterized by hyperactivity of autoimmune reactions.
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PMID:[Immunologic status of patients with Salmonella infections]. 269 21

Of 6 cats with salmonellosis, only cats 1, 4, and 5 manifested clinical signs of gastroenteritis. In cats 2 to 5, salmonellosis was characterized by fever, a left-shifted leukogram, and vague nonspecific signs of illness. Salmonellae were isolated from blood and feces of cats 1 to 4, and from extraintestinal sites as part of a mixed gram-negative bacterial flora in cats 5 and 6. Of 4 cats with Salmonella bacteremia, cats 2, 3, and 4 were successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, amoxicillin, and/or chloramphenicol; treatment with cephapirin was ineffective in 3 cats. In some cats, salmonellosis was observed as a chronic febrile illness without specific gastrointestinal signs or as a localized tissue infection.
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PMID:Clinical features of salmonellosis in cats: six cases (1981-1986). 272 44

Stool cultures of 188 children hospitalized for gastroenteritis in a two-year period (1981-1982) yielded Salmonella in 25.5%, Campylobacter in 16.0%, and Y. enterocolitica in 3.7% of cases. Rotavirus was identified in 22.3% of cases. Out of 82 lactose-positive microorganisms isolated from as many cases, three (one E. coli and two Klebsiella) produced heat-labile enterotoxin and two E. coli strains a "cytotoxic" toxin (in an HEp-2 in vitro model); two other E. coli strains possessed adhesive properties for HEp-2 cells in vitro; none revealed enteroinvasive for HEp-2 cells. Two out of 70 E. coli strains were EPEC. From stools of 643 childhood out-patients Salmonella was isolated in 9.6% of cases; Campylobacter and Y. enterocolitica in 9.0% and in 0.6% of cases respectively. Rotavirus was not looked for. Shigella strains were not isolated. Among 622 children without gastrointestinal symptoms, five (0.8%) excreted campylobacters and one (0.16%) salmonella. Children of 18-24 months of age were significantly more often infected with Campylobacter. Gross blood in feces, body temperature greater than 38 degrees C, and peripheral leukocytosis were significantly more often associated with Salmonella infection; vomiting and absence of blood in stools and of leukocytosis with rotavirus infection. Other features were not significantly associated with the etiological agent of the illness. Except for Salmonella infections, the enteritis cases did not show any pronounced seasonal pattern.
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PMID:A prospective etiological and clinical study on gastroenteritis in Italian children. 300 Apr 4

Acute intestinal infections still constitute one of the leading causes of death in the world and a major cause of morbidity in Europe. Unfortunately, most European countries do not have an information system oriented towards acute intestinal infection surveillance. The present work is an analysis of cases of typhoid fever, Salmonellosis, Shigellosis, foodborne infections, and acute gastroenteritis reported from January 1980 to December 1985. Data from 24 of the 33 countries belonging to WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO-WHO) were considered. Data for 1980 and 1981 were taken from World Health Organization statistics, while data for 1982-85 were taken from bulletins sent to EURO-WHO and WHOCCHDS by individual countries. Data was entered in an IBM 4341 computer system and a data base was organized using a general purpose inquiry language (IBM's APLDI). Rates per 100,000 were calculated using as a denominator 1983 WHO official population figures. The quality of the data is a great problem, as the only available sources of information are official national reports which underestimate the actual incidence of diseases. For typhoid fever, Mediterranean countries show much higher incidences than the rest of Europe, although a decreasing trend can be seen for all European countries. We estimate that the data for typhoid fever, Salmonellosis and Shigellosis are reliable, while reports of foodborne infections and acute gastroenteritis represent only a very small percentage of the actual number of cases.
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PMID:Acute intestinal infections in Europe. A review of reported cases. 304 47

Salmonellae have demonstrated an extraordinary capacity to adapt to a wide range of ecologic niches and to the peculiarities of modern society, such as the mass production of food products. The vast majority of infections in the United States are caused by serotypes not specifically adapted to human or animal hosts, whereas the most frequent isolate in developing countries is S. typhi, which is highly adapted to human hosts. The number of isolates reported in the United States has been increasing steadily since 1975, largely a result of outbreaks associated with the mass production of food products, particularly poultry, which is frequently contaminated. Salmonella infection occurs when ingested organisms bypass gastric defenses, multiply within the intestinal lumen, penetrate the intestinal mucosa, and multiply within macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system. They may then disseminate via the systemic circulation. Several virulence factors have been identified. The wide range of pathologic and clinical manifestations are subdivided into four syndromes, each requiring a distinct diagnostic and therapeutic approach: (1) gastroenteritis, (2) enteric fever, (3) bacteremia with or without metastatic disease, and (4) asymptomatic carriage. Although any serotype can cause any of these syndromes, certain serotypes are associated with specific presentations. Serious complications of bacteremic infection include infections of the aorta, endocardium, bone, and meninges. Salmonella infection is particularly severe in patients who have AIDS, leukemia, lymphoma, immunodeficiency of other causes, inflammatory bowel disease, schistosomiasis, and macrophage dysfunction. Diagnosis is based on culture of the organism from appropriate sites. Several serologic tests have been developed that warrant further evaluation. Chloramphenicol, ampicillin, amoxicillin, and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole have clearly established efficacy. Experience with third generation cephalosporins and quinolones is preliminary and fragmentary, but results suggest that they may prove to be efficacious in certain clinical circumstances. Antibiotic resistance has become a major problem in certain geographic areas. The three vaccines for S. typhi that are currently in use internationally provide only moderate protection for short periods of time.
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PMID:The spectrum of Salmonella infection. 307 16


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