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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten breeding sows were left in direct contact with their newborn piglets that had been experimentally infected with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus. All sows became infected with the virus. The sows developed fever and showed mild clinical signs of the disease for a few days. The sows excreted virus in the nasal secretion, feces, and milk during the acute febrile phase of illness. Virus was isolated from the nasal secretion of one sow as early as 20 hours after contact exposure to the infected piglets. At necropsy, the virus was more frequently isolated from the tissues of the upper respiratory tract than from small intestines; this finding indicated that the TGE coronavirus replicated in the upper respiratory tract and induced an acute respiratory infection in susceptible adult swine. Neutralizing antibody was present in the sera 8 sows after 12 to 36 days during the convalescent period. From these results, we conclude that susceptible sows in direct contact with ill piglets can become infected and by excreting virus can serve as a source of TGE virus for other susceptible pigs on the premises.
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PMID:Upper respiratory infection of lactating sows with transmissible gastroenteritis virus following contact exposure to infected piglets. 16 96

The use of antibiotics in viral diseases of childhood is discussed. If bacterial infection is likely, either as superinfection or as part of the differential diagnosis, then antibiotics should be given. The antibiotic of choice for each illness is considered. Respiratory infections are common. The diagnosis and treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis is compared with viral pharyngitis. Penicillin is indicated if the bacterial infection is possible. If there is difficulty in distinguishing between croup and epiglottitis, then chloramphenicol or ampicillin should be given. Otitis media and pneumonia caused by viruses are difficult to differentiate from their bacterial counterparts, and antibiotics are indicated. By contrast, antibiotics are not used in bronchiolitis or asthma. Antibiotics are contraindicated in gastroenteritis even if caused by bacteria. Prolongation of the carrier state or superinfection may then occur. Interpretation of the biochemical and bacteriological findings of the cerebrospinal fluid is important in distinguishing viral meningitis and encephalitis from bacterial meningitis. If bacterial meningitis is possible, then antibiotics should be used. The indications for antibiotics in viral diseases of the skin, eye, joints, heart and parotid are also discussed.
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PMID:Antibiotics: their true place in the treatment of viral disease. 66 65

In 1984 neutralizing antibodies against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) were detected in pig herds in a small geographical area in the southern part of Denmark. No clinical symptoms were observed and accumulating epidemiological evidence gradually pointed towards a respiratory infection. In 1986 a TGE-like virus, tentatively named porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), was isolated from the lungs of swine. The virus was partially characterized using monoclonal antibodies against TGEV and this showed that some (mainly nonneutralizing) epitopes of the peplomer glycoprotein E2 were absent in PRCV, whereas the major neutralizing domains were conserved. These findings allowed the design of competitive antibody immunoassays either discriminating or not discriminating the immune responses against the two viruses. However, the discriminating epitopes studied so far have shown minor immunodominance and some steric interference from nondiscriminating epitopes.
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PMID:Infection with a new porcine respiratory coronavirus in Denmark: serologic differentiation from transmissible gastroenteritis virus using monoclonal antibodies. 196 35

A systematic investigation of morbidity patterns was conducted in 1977- 80 among 2580 children under 12 years of age attending mobile hospital camps in 4 districts on India's Hamachal Pradesh. The children came from remote villages where socioeconomic and educational levels were low and environmental sanitation was rudimentary. There were 1301 cases of protein energy malnutrition in this group, 124 involving children 0-1 year of age, 514 in the 1-5-year age group, and 663 (51%) in the 5-12- year age group. At the time of examination, 287 of the children were infested with worms and 125 had diarrhea. These 3 conditions-- malnutrition, worm infestation, and diarrhea--were present in 32% of the village children surveyed. The most common form of morbidity was nutritional disorders (malnutrition, anemia, and vitamin deficiencies), affecting 70% of the children. The next most common condition was respiratory infection, affecting 35%. Other disorders affecting significant numbers of children were scabies, pyoderma, convulsions, mental retardation, rheumatic fever and congenital heart diseases, and renal diseases. Morbidity from conditions such as gastroenteritis, measles, and pneumonia was often accompanied by malnutrition. Thus, there is a need in this area for child health programs aimed at providing nutrition education as well as improving immunization coverage.
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PMID:Childhood morbidity in mobile hospital camps in Himachal Pradesh. 262 Sep 84

The rotaviral antigen was detected by a screening test using the ELISA-IC kit in 17.6% out of 415 children with acute gastroenteritis. The highest frequency (28.9%) was found in children hospitalized in pediatric services with a diagnosis of diarrhoeic disease associated to acute respiratory infection. The rotavirus infection incidence was about three times higher during the cold season than during summer (30.4% versus 10.5%). The 6-11 month age group was the most severely affected.
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PMID:[Detection of the rotavirus group antigen by a screening test using the ELISA-IC kit in subjects with acute gastroenteritis, at the pediatric services of Moldavia]. 282 75

During the six year period from 1975 to 1980, at Al-Fatch Paediatric Hospital 35,488 sick children under 12 years of age were admitted for inpatient treatment; 3 009 had a fatal outcome. The mortality rate per 1000 admissions and discharges respectively, was 54.9 and 52.1 in 1975; and 135.6 and 119.4 in 1980. The age specific mortality rate per thousand discharges was 219.4 for infants, 32.8 for 1 to 4 years, 21.7 for 5 to 9 years, 25.7 for 10 to 12 years of age. Although the overall mortality rate was almost equal for boys and girls, it was higher for boys below 1 year or over 10 years, and higher for girls between 1 to 9 years of age. The proportion of deaths and admissions was more during winter the season from September to January and during the summer season from May to July. More than 80% of those who recovered were admitted with acute respiratory infection, gastroenteritis, meningitis, diseases of urinary system, acute poisoning and symptoms or ill-defined conditions; whereas, more than 70% of expired cases were admitted with prematurity, gastroenteritis, septicaemia, acute respiratory diseases and congenital malformations. The case fatality in 1980 was 84.5% for septicaemia, 55.5% for prematurity, 41.7% for congenital malformations, 18.9% for malnutrition and 16.1% for diseases of nervous system.
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PMID:Six years mortality statistics in a Libyan paediatric hospital. 663 90

The pattern of infection was compared in 139 children with sickle cell-hemoglobin C (SC) disease and in 250 control children with a normal hemoglobin (AA) genotype ascertained at birth and followed prospectively for periods of zero to six years. Both infection incidence rates and survival curve analysis indicated highly significant increases in serious infection among children with SC disease. Respiratory infection and gastroenteritis were the most common infections, but only respiratory infections were significantly more frequent in SC disease. Pneumococcal bacteremia was confined to the SC group. No hematologic differences were apparent between SC patients with and without a history of serious infection, but infection was significantly more common in patients manifesting early splenomegaly.
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PMID:Pneumococcal and other infections in children with sickle-cell hemoglobin C (SC) disease. 709 8

An oral questionnaire method was used with parents to determine the effect of birth interval and birth order on the morbidity pattern of children below age 5. 3 localities in India were selected -- Sir Syed Nagar, Zohra Bagh, and Jeevan Garh as all the families residing in these localities are registered under the Urban Health Training Center of the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine. All children (280 from 160 families) between 0-5 years were included. 256 children belonging to 150 families were studied longitudinally for 1 year (January-December 1978), with follow-ups at 3-week intervals. Only 8.6% of the children were from social class 1; the majority (67.4%) belonged to lower social classes 4 and 5. 68.5% of the fathers and 88.8% of the mothers were illiterate; both parents were illiterate for 64% of the 256 children. Only 8.6% of the children had no illness during the study period; the remaining 91.4% suffered from 1 or another illness. The disease incidence rate was 3.4 per child and 3.7 per sick child whereas the spell rate was 5.5 per sick child. An inverse relationship was observed between birth interval and prevalence of malnutrition, anemia, worm infestation, respiratory infection, and gastroenteritis. When the birth interval was more than 4 years, the risk of malnutrition tended to be reduced by about 7 times, which was statistically significant. The incidence of respiratory infection, gastroenteritis, anemia, worm infestation, and vitamin deficiency declined from 63.6, 72.7, 45.5, 36.4, and 46.5% to 50, 43.5, 36.0, 18.7, and 31.2%, respectively, with an increase in birth interval from 1 year to 5 years. The decline in the incidence was more pronounced in anemia, worm infestation, and gastroenteritis. The incidence of all the major illnesses increased with an increase in birth order. The increase is more significant beyond the 3rd birth order.
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PMID:Morbidity pattern in relation to birth interval and birth order in children. 718 93

Community-acquired infections are an important cause of admission of children to hospital. We have made a 2-year prospective study of 1,599 children admitted with infection to the Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital in order to determine the pattern of infections, their seasonal distribution and the role of the laboratory in isolating causative agents. Respiratory infections (32% cases) and gastroenteritis (28% cases) were the principal causes of admission. Of all admissions, 64% were children aged less than 1 year. Appropriate specimens were obtained and/or investigations made of 48% cases. Overall, a causative agent was determined in 21% cases. Individual pathogens showed marked seasonality. Respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus and Shigella species were found more often in the winter months, while Salmonella species and adenovirus infections were most common in the summer. The results provide local data that is relevant to both public health and hospital planning. They also emphasise the need for continuing surveillance of community-acquired infections.
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PMID:Community-acquired infections among children in an urban environment: a 2-year prospective study in Liverpool, U.K. 763 87

In 1991, in the rural Butajira district in southcentral Ethiopia, field workers visited every household weekly to collect morbidity data on 1315 under-five children so researchers could estimate morbidity and public health risk factors of childhood disease. The Butajira Rural Health Project, begun in 1986, is a continuous demographic surveillance system. 13.2% of the children had more than five episodes of illness. 24.2% had no episodes. 22% of the children had more than 50% of all illness episodes. The incidence of overall illness was 2.34 episodes/person-year, equalling 5.8% of child days. The incidence of reported illness and derived entities fell sharply after a child reached 1 year. The peak incidences of acute respiratory infection (ARI) and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) were 3-6 months and 1-6 months, respectively. Gastroenteritis incidence peaked at 1-6 months. The most prevalent conditions were ARIs (prevalence 2.8%) and acute diarrhea (2.4%). The sanitation index had a significant impact on gastroenteritis and ARI, especially gastroenteritis. Parental indices also affected gastroenteritis and ARI. Living in a rural area increased the likelihood of ARI. Lack of electricity or piped water were also important determinants of illness. Illiteracy among parents was associated with an increased morbidity rate among under-fives.
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PMID:A one-year community study of under-fives in rural Ethiopia: patterns of morbidity and public health risk factors. 771 57


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