Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pathogenicity of porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) isolate AR310 was determined for gnotobiotic pigs. PRCV-AR310 was isolated from the intestines of a nursery pig from a herd with endemic transmissible gastroenteritis. The AR310 isolate was plaque purified and cell culture propagated, passed once in a gnotobiotic pig, then used as inoculum for a gnotobiotic pig pathogenicity study. Eight pigs were inoculated oronasally with 2 x 10(6) plaque-forming units of PRCV-AR310. Eight pigs served as controls and received cell culture medium. Two pigs from each group were necropsied at 3, 5, 10, and 15 days postinoculation (DPI). There was moderate multifocal to coalescing reddish tan consolidation of 60% of the lung by 10 DPI. Microscopic examination revealed a necrotizing and proliferative bronchointerstitial pneumonia characterized by necrosis, squamous metaplasia, dysplasia, proliferation of airway epithelium, mononuclear cell infiltration of alveolar septa, mild type II pneumocyte proliferation, and lymphohistiocytic alveolar exudation. The microscopic lesions were mild by 3 DPI, moderate by 5 DPI, severe by 10 DPI, and mostly resolved by 15 DPI. No lesions were observed in the intestines of these pigs. There was no clinical respiratory disease. Control pigs remained normal and had no lesions. PRCV was isolated from the lungs but not from the intestines of inoculated pigs. PRCV was not isolated from the lungs or intestines of control pigs. PRCV was also isolated from the nasal and rectal swabs of inoculated but not of control pigs.
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PMID:Experimental reproduction of pneumonia in gnotobiotic pigs with porcine respiratory coronavirus isolate AR310. 838 99

Emergently ill or injured children may access care through their primary care provider, through prehospital emergency medical services, or directly in a hospital emergency unit. Primary health care providers and emergency care providers need to have the skills, proper equipment, and medications available to care for these children. This paper reviews recent articles on the prevention, evaluation, treatment, and outcomes of illness and injury in children, which should be of interest to primary and emergency care givers. Areas of recent research include the epidemiology, prevention, and evaluation of childhood injuries and the evaluation of infants and children with fever. Other areas reviewed are respiratory disease and the treatment of gastroenteritis. Also reviewed are articles on the role of the primary care physician in emergency medical services for children.
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PMID:Updates in pediatric emergency medicine for the office practitioner. 854 51

Human-animal interaction is regarded as a positive factor in child development, yet fears have been expressed about the risk of zoonotic diseases. A literature review of zoonotic diseases indicated that it was difficult to judge the relative importance of zoonoses in a population by using incidence or prevalence, as these were not available for all the zoonoses which could occur in children and the data which were available were not comparative. Therefore, in order to investigate the relative importance of zoonoses as a cause of disease in children, relative morbidities were calculated from available medical records from the Department of Paedatrics and Child Health at Ga-Rankuwa Hospital. Diagnoses made were listed and ranked. The relative morbidities of zoonotic diseases were found to be very low. It was concluded that this may have been partially due to the tendency for symptomatic rather than aetiological diagnoses to be made by clinicians, as several of the symptomatic diagnoses made (such as respiratory disease and gastroenteritis) could have had a zoonotic aetiology.
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PMID:An investigation of the relative morbidity of zoonoses in paediatric patients admitted to Ga-Rankuwa Hospital. 912 Aug 61

Coronaviruses have been commonly associated with enteric and respiratory diseases. Two of the swine coronaviruses, namely transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), have been extensively studied. TGEV replicates in both the enteric and respiratory tracts and causes enteric disease, whereas, PRCV replicates in the respiratory tract with limited to no replication in the enteric tract. We have isolated PRCV from swine herds with respiratory disease and have reproduced moderate pneumonia in gnotobiotic and conventionally reared pigs with two of the PRCV isolates. We have also identified two PRCV isolates with low virulence. One consistent difference that we have observed between PRCV isolates of different pathogenicities is in gene 3. The gene 3 is intact in the two virulent PRCV isolates, whereas gene 3 is altered in the two low virulence isolates. A similar observation has been reported for TGEV as a nonpathogenic TGEV mutant with a small plaque morphology had a deletion in gene 3. We have also observed that one of the low virulence PRCV isolates, IA 1894, which has a deletion in gene 3, replicates poorly in cell cultures. Collectively these studies suggest that gene 3 may be an important determinant for in vivo virulence and in vitro replication of coronaviruses.
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PMID:Pathogenicity and sequence analysis studies suggest potential role of gene 3 in virulence of swine enteric and respiratory coronaviruses. 919 36

Adenoviruses are human pathogens that commonly infect the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Adenovirus infections are endemic, particularly among children, but also may cause epidemics of pharyngoconjunctival fever, keratoconjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and acute respiratory disease (ARD) among military trainees. Outbreaks of ARD among adults in the civilian sector are rare. In March 1997, an outbreak of acute respiratory disease (ARD) caused by adenovirus serotype 11 occurred among students at a job training facility in South Dakota. This report summarizes the epidemiologic and clinical features of this outbreak and discusses the change in availability of adenovirus vaccines for military use.
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PMID:Civilian outbreak of adenovirus acute respiratory disease--South Dakota, 1997. 969 42

Systematic surveillance of outpatient (primary care) encounters with the health care system has been performed for North Atlantic Treaty Organization coalition forces during peace-keeping operations in Bosnia-Herzegovina since 1995. The present study presents an analysis of disease and nonbattle injury (DNBI) surveillance findings for U.S. forces participating in Operation Joint Guard during 1997. The mean DNBI rate for this 1-year period was 8.1/100/week (range, 5.7-11.1/100/week). Most frequently cited causes for soldier visits to medical treatment facilities were injuries and orthopedic conditions (27%), respiratory disease (26%), miscellaneous "other" medical conditions (13%), dermatologic disorders (12%), and dental disease (10%). Gastroenteritis was infrequently seen (2% of visits). Our findings extend previous observations that indicate that the Bosnia peacekeeping mission is relatively safe and healthy for U.S. forces.
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PMID:Disease and nonbattle injury among United States soldiers deployed in Bosnia-Herzegovina during 1997: summary primary care statistics for Operation Joint Guard. 981 31

Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) were used to examine RNA extracted from mouth/nasal swabs from pheasants exhibiting signs of respiratory disease. The oligonucleotides used were based on sequences of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), the coronavirus of domestic fowl. A RT-PCR for the highly conserved region II of the 3' untranslated region of the IBV genome detected a coronavirus in swabs from 18/21 estates. Sequence identity with the corresponding region of IBVs and coronaviruses from turkeys was > 95%. A RT-PCR for part of the S1 region of the spike protein gene was positive with 13/21 of the samples. Sequence analysis of the RT-PCR products derived from nine of the pheasant viruses revealed that some of the viruses differed from each other by approximately 24%, similar to the degree of difference exhibited by different serotypes of IBV. Further analysis of the genome of one of the viruses revealed that it contained genes 3 and 5 that are typical of IBV but absent in both the transmissible gastroenteritis virus and murine hepatitis virus groups of mammalian coronaviruses. The nucleotide sequences of genes 3 and 5 of the pheasant virus had a similar degree of identity (approximately 90%) with those of coronaviruses from turkeys and chickens, as is observed when different serotypes of IBV are compared. This work: (a) confirms that coronaviruses are present in pheasants (indeed, commonly present in pheasants with respiratory disease); (b) demonstrates that their genomes are IBV-like in their organization; and (c) shows that there is sequence heterogeneity within the group of pheasant coronaviruses, especially within the spike protein gene. Furthermore, the gene sequences of the pheasant viruses differed from those of IBV to similar extents as the sequence of one serotype of IBV differs from another. On the genetic evidence to date, there is a remarkably high degree of genetic similarity between the coronaviruses of chickens, turkeys and pheasants.
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PMID:Coronaviruses from pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) are genetically closely related to coronaviruses of domestic fowl (infectious bronchitis virus) and turkeys. 1242 95

The purpose of this study was to statistically analyze the emergency care services of the Paediatric Department of Farwania Hospital, Kuwait. The study was conducted from 1 July 1987 until 30 June 1988, during which a total of 77,497 cases were recorded (41,594 [53.7%] males; 35,903 [46.3%] females). Kuwaiti children represented 40,738 (52.5%) of the total. Children aged 2 to 5 years constituted 22,805 (29.4%) of the cases, and the age group 1 month to 1 year comprised the second largest group (15,475; 19.9%). Admissions peaked in February (8,425 [10.8%]) and Friday was the busiest day (13,561 [17.5%]). There were 61,242 (79.02%) self-referrals. Respiratory diseases were the most common reason for emergency room visits, and totaled 51,583 (66.5%), followed by gastroenteritis with 19,898 (25.7%). This study points up an alarming increase in the number of visits to the casualty clinics of Farwania Hospital. If this increase continues, this will not only markedly increase the burden to staff but will also adversely affect the quality of services.
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PMID:Trends in pediatric casualties in a regional hospital of Kuwait. 1758 76

Infections with human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are prevalent in young children and have been associated with mild gastroenteritis and, less frequently, with meningitis and neonatal sepsis. To investigate the involvement of these viruses in respiratory disease, a highly sensitive nested PCR was used to screen a large archive of respiratory specimens, collected between January and December 2007. Respiratory samples had previously been tested for eight respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus, by PCR. HPeV was detected in 34 of 3,844 specimens, representing 27 of 2,220 study subjects (1.2%). HPeV types were identified by sequencing the VP3/VP1 junction amplified by PCR directly from clinical specimens. The assay could amplify all HPeV types examined with high sensitivity (types 1 and 3 to 6) and also identified HPeV types in all but one of the screen-positive study specimens (25 HPeV1 and eight HPeV6 specimens). Infections with both HPeV1 and HPeV6 were seasonal, with highest frequencies in July and August, and restricted to children aged between 6 months and 5 years. Other respiratory viruses were frequently codetected in HPeV-positive specimens, with significant overrepresentation of adenovirus coinfections (37%). Most HPeV-positive specimens were referred from emergency departments, although no association with specific respiratory symptoms or disease was found. In summary, the low frequency of detection and lack of clear disease associations indicate that HPeV1 and -6 are not major pathogens in individuals presenting with respiratory disease. However, the screening and typing methods developed will be of value in further HPeV testing, including testing for meningitis cases and other suspected HPeV-associated disease presentations.
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PMID:Epidemiology and clinical associations of human parechovirus respiratory infections. 1875 51

Human bocavirus (HBoV) has been detected worldwide in respiratory samples. Two real-time PCR assays, targeting the non-structural protein (NP-1) and viral protein (VP-1) genes, were designed and validated to detect HBoV in patients with respiratory disease, gastroenteritis, or systemic illness. Sensitivity of the NP-1 and VP-1 assays were equal to the conventional PCR assay previously described by Allander et al. [2005: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 12891-12896] being 100%, and giving specificity of 94% and 93%, respectively. There was no cross-reaction identified with unrelated respiratory agents, or to human DNA. The limits of detection were 10 copies of genomic DNA equivalents per reaction for both assays. The assays were used to screen three different sample populations, combined nose, and throat swabs (n = 96) from children with acute respiratory disease, fecal samples (n = 375) from adults, and children with gastroenteritis and whole blood (n = 229) collected from 31 immunocompromised children taken over an 18-month period. In total 17 (18%) respiratory samples and 18 (4.8%) fecal samples were identified as having HBoV present. Of the pediatric whole blood specimens investigated, HBoV was detected in six (2.6%) samples from four patients. In summary, two real-time PCR assays targeting different genes were designed and validated for use as screening methods for the detection of HBoV. HBoV was found in three different specimen types: parent-collected combined nose-throat swabs, fecal samples collected from symptomatic individuals and whole blood from immunocompromised children.
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PMID:Detection of human bocavirus in respiratory, fecal, and blood samples by real-time PCR. 1915 14


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