Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Virus localisation and lesions were studied in 14-one-week-old piglets following combined intranasal-oral inoculation with a British isolate of 'pneumotropic' porcine coronavirus (PCV) and were compared with the effects of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection in five piglets. Unlike TGEV-infected piglets, all PCV-inoculated piglets remained clinically healthy. Seroconversion was detected at seven days after inoculation. Mild bronchointerstitial pneumonia involving terminal airways was consistently present at two days after infection and thereafter. Both PCV and TGEV infected bronchiolar epithelium and alveolar macrophages but, unlike TGEV, replication by PCV in villous enterocytes was limited and did not cause villous atrophy.
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PMID:Pathogenicity of experimental infection with 'pneumotropic' porcine coronavirus. 254 94

Although animal models of infection are associated with certain limitations in interpretation, properly performed studies provide important information for evaluating the efficacy of new antimicrobial agents in the treatment of human disease. The antibacterial efficacy of the newer quinolones, particularly ciprofloxacin, has undergone extensive evaluation in several animal models. Efficacy has been demonstrated in animal models of pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, skin and soft-tissue infections, septic arthritis, burn wound sepsis, empyema, intra-abdominal abscess, osteomyelitis, prostatitis, sinusitis, urinary tract infection, chronic gastroenteritis, granuloma pouch infection, and Pseudomonas septicemia. More recent studies have evaluated the efficacy of ciprofloxacin in animal models of tuberculosis and syphilis, as well as in infections caused by the intracellular pathogens Salmonella typhimurium, Legionella pneumophila, and Listeria monocytogenes.
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PMID:An update on the efficacy of ciprofloxacin in animal models of infection. 258 79

In order to study the causes of prolonged and secondary fever in bacterial meningitis, a group of 102 infants and children with proven bacterial meningitis were studied. The causative agent was Haemophilus influenzae in 58% of patients, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 25% and Neisseria meningitidis in 17%. Prolonged fever was observed in 12% of the patients. The established causes include, in order of frequency, subdural effusion, drug fever, otitis media, gastroenteritis and urinary tract infection. Secondary fever was noted in 18% of the patients. The causes, in order of frequency, were urinary tract infection, subdural effusion, otitis media, phlebitis, pneumonia and drug fever. Neither relapse of the meningitis nor inadequate response to antibiotic therapy was the cause for prolonged or secondary fever. Neurological sequalae were observed in 21 patients. There was no correlation between prolonged or secondary fever and neurological sequalae. We conclude that prolonged and secondary fever in patients with treated bacterial meningitis is rarely caused by the primary infection.
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PMID:Prolonged and secondary fever in childhood bacterial meningitis. 259 1

A systematic investigation of morbidity patterns was conducted in 1977- 80 among 2580 children under 12 years of age attending mobile hospital camps in 4 districts on India's Hamachal Pradesh. The children came from remote villages where socioeconomic and educational levels were low and environmental sanitation was rudimentary. There were 1301 cases of protein energy malnutrition in this group, 124 involving children 0-1 year of age, 514 in the 1-5-year age group, and 663 (51%) in the 5-12- year age group. At the time of examination, 287 of the children were infested with worms and 125 had diarrhea. These 3 conditions-- malnutrition, worm infestation, and diarrhea--were present in 32% of the village children surveyed. The most common form of morbidity was nutritional disorders (malnutrition, anemia, and vitamin deficiencies), affecting 70% of the children. The next most common condition was respiratory infection, affecting 35%. Other disorders affecting significant numbers of children were scabies, pyoderma, convulsions, mental retardation, rheumatic fever and congenital heart diseases, and renal diseases. Morbidity from conditions such as gastroenteritis, measles, and pneumonia was often accompanied by malnutrition. Thus, there is a need in this area for child health programs aimed at providing nutrition education as well as improving immunization coverage.
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PMID:Childhood morbidity in mobile hospital camps in Himachal Pradesh. 262 Sep 84

Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is characterized by severe dyspnea in decubitus, with or without known respiratory or cardiac disorders. In both patients clinical diagnosis was confirmed by measuring the transdiaphragmatic pressure which was approximately zero. The first patient, previous to the clinical onset, had an episode of gastroenteritis and later developed a pneumonia; in the second patient, clinical manifestations started after neck surgery and both the clinical and functional disorders recovered within the following eight months.
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PMID:[2 cases of bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis]. 275 11

An epidemy of fatal posterior weakness was observed in Norwegian dairy goats with a spontaneous character (high fever, collapse, death). Clinical, postmortem, and histopathological findings indicated gastroenteritis, liver damage (necrotic foci), soft kidneys, pneumonia, and depletion of liver glycogen in goats up to 4 months of age. In older animals there was a prevalence of muscle degeneration. Indigenous goats did not exhibit any mortality, whereas the mortality rate in male crosses Norwegian X Tanzanian was 100%, regardless of their age. In young goats, the existence of a high mortality infectious syndrome with enterotoxaemia and fever is suspected, whereas older goats were probably exposed to a non-infectious myodegeneration.
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PMID:An epidemic of fatal posterior paralysis and sudden death in goats: a case report. 277 60

Malignant external otitis (MEO) is still a potentially lethal disease. Early treatment based on a correct diagnosis is the most important single factor in achieving a cure for the disease. The preferred treatment is long-term systemic antibiotics followed by surgical intervention. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be supplemented in refractory cases. A new fluoroquinolone, Ciprofloxacin, has been successfully used in four cases of MEO which did not respond to the accepted treatment. Ciprofloxacin is active against a broad spectrum of bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and several clinical studies have demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of urinary tract and soft tissue infections, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, and gastroenteritis. This report is the first of which we are aware to document the use of Ciprofloxacin in the treatment of MEO.
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PMID:Malignant external otitis: treatment with fluoroquinolones. 317 62

In order to study the pathomorphology and immunohistochemistry of peste des petits ruminants, four goats and two sheep were inoculated intranasally with the Malig-Yemen strain of peste des petits ruminants virus. The animals developed fever, nasal discharge, oral erosions, cough and diarrhea. One goat and one sheep died and one moribund goat was killed. Three animals survived the infection. At necropsy, erosive stomatitis, pneumonia and gastroenteritis were found. Histopathologically the pneumonocytes and epithelial cells of the ileum had eosinophilic cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions. By an indirect immunoperoxidase method, the nuclei and cytoplasm of the ileal epithelial cells of one goat contained positively (brown) stained antigen, which corresponded to viral nucleocapsids by electron microscopy. Virus appeared to be released through the microvilli of the epithelial cells. We also confirmed the formation of giant cells due to peste des petits ruminants virus.
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PMID:Experimental peste des petits ruminants (goat plague) in goats and sheep. 328 Jan 8

A total of 206 community-acquired and 73 nosocomial infections in 50 malnourished Jamaican children were studied prospectively. Predominant community-acquired infections in the 50 children, included gastroenteritis (68%), otitis media (60%), rhinopharyngitis (60%), oral candidiasis (46%), skin infections (40%), pneumonia (28%), bacteraemia (24%) and bacteriuria (18%). The most frequent nosocomial infections were rhinopharyngitis (34%), lower respiratory tract infections (24%) and septicaemia (18%). In those infections where an aetiological agent was identified, Giardia lamblia was the commonest enteric pathogen, Staphylococcus epidermidis, the most frequent blood culture isolate and Klebsiella sp. were recovered from the majority of urines. The lack of clinical signs and symptoms and atypical clinical presentation in some infected malnourished children were attributed to impairment of the acute inflammatory response. Diagnosis of infection in these children required a high index of suspicion and a comprehensive screening system. Nasal, throat and axilla swabs taken on admission revealed significant colonization with coliforms and pneumococcus; however, these swabs were not useful as indicators of potentially infective organisms. Four of the 50 children died and two of these deaths were attributed to infection.
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PMID:Nosocomial and community-acquired infections in malnourished children. 340 64

The antibacterial efficacy of some of the newer quinolone antimicrobial agents in general, and ciprofloxacin in particular, in animal models of experimental septic arthritis, burn wound sepsis, empyema, chronic gastroenteritis, granuloma pouch infection, intraabdominal abscess, osteomyelitis, prostatis, sinusitis, urinary tract infection, and severe septicemia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is reviewed. In addition, the efficacy of these newer quinolones has been studied in animal models of pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, skin and soft tissue infections, and a variety of other systemic infections. Although certain limitations are associated with animal models of infection, properly performed studies clearly have the potential to provide guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of some infections in humans.
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PMID:Efficacy of ciprofloxacin in animal models of infection. 355 64


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