Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 516 charts of children who presented to the Oklahoma Children's Memorial Hospital Emergency Department or Walk-In Clinic with a temperature of 40 C(104 F) or more were reviewed. The findings were consistent with the concept that high fever in children is most often associated with common illnesses such as upper respiratory tract infections, otitis media, pneumonia, acute gastroenteritis, urinary tract infection, etc. There were only 22 (4%) admissions from the entire group and one death, actually due to delay in seeking medical help. The incidence and recurrence of febrile seizures (24 cases) was related to the use and compliance with anticonvulsant drugs rather than antipyretic measures. Appropriate laboratory work, x-rays and cultures should be done only when consistent with clinical findings. Follow-up can be done without hospitalization or antibiotics, as most children have a benign illness. The need for treatment of the underlying cause of the fever should, of course, remain the paramount goal. With proper parental guidance and education, the use of traditional methods of lowering fever can be discouraged.
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PMID:Hyperpyrexia (temperature greater than 40 C) in children. 43 Sep 38

The infant mortality rate amongst Aborigines from 12 Queensland Aboriginal settlements and missions over the years 1972 to 1976 was 72 per 1000 live births. This rate is comparable with that for Queensland of 60 years ago. The Aboriginal infants had twice the present-day Queensland risk of neonatal death and eight times the risk of postneonatal death. Prematurity was the major cause of neonatal deaths; gastroenteritis and pneumonia were the major causes of infant deaths. These rates emphasise the need for community and preventive health care for the Aboriginal children, particularly during the postneonatal period.
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PMID:Infant mortality in 12 Aboriginal settlements: Queensland, 1972--1976. 44 44

Reports to the Center for Disease Control on isolation of non-polio enteroviruses for the years 1971--1975 were analysed. During the 5 year period, enterovirus isolations were reported from 7 075 individuals. 90% of these occurred in the 7 month interval of May--November. Enteroviruses were isolated more frequently from males than females for all age groups in all 5 years. The incidence of reported isolations decreased with increasing age, and an inverse relationship between severity of disease and age was suggested. Clinical diagnoses associated with enteroviral isolations included aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, upper respiratory tract disease, non-specific febrile illness, gastroenteritis, pneumonia and lower respiratory tract disease, exanthem, and enanthem.
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PMID:Non-polio enterovirus disease in the United States, 1971--1975. 48 24

The use of antibiotics in viral diseases of childhood is discussed. If bacterial infection is likely, either as superinfection or as part of the differential diagnosis, then antibiotics should be given. The antibiotic of choice for each illness is considered. Respiratory infections are common. The diagnosis and treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis is compared with viral pharyngitis. Penicillin is indicated if the bacterial infection is possible. If there is difficulty in distinguishing between croup and epiglottitis, then chloramphenicol or ampicillin should be given. Otitis media and pneumonia caused by viruses are difficult to differentiate from their bacterial counterparts, and antibiotics are indicated. By contrast, antibiotics are not used in bronchiolitis or asthma. Antibiotics are contraindicated in gastroenteritis even if caused by bacteria. Prolongation of the carrier state or superinfection may then occur. Interpretation of the biochemical and bacteriological findings of the cerebrospinal fluid is important in distinguishing viral meningitis and encephalitis from bacterial meningitis. If bacterial meningitis is possible, then antibiotics should be used. The indications for antibiotics in viral diseases of the skin, eye, joints, heart and parotid are also discussed.
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PMID:Antibiotics: their true place in the treatment of viral disease. 66 65

A study has been made of 3,745 Bedouin and 9,422 Jewish babies born in 1972-73 to residents of the Beersheba district of southern Israel (the Negev). Newborn infants weighing less than 1 kg were excluded. Thirty-seven percent of the Bedouin babies were born at home; their mothers tended to be older and of higher parity than those choosing to deliver in hospital. Less than 6% of Bedouin mothers had been to school, compared with 90% of the Jews; 30% were aged under 20 or over 34 years, compared with 18% of the Jews, and 23% were having their seventh or later baby, compared with 12% of the Jews. Mean birth weight of babies born in hospital was about 200 g lower in Bedouin than in Jews, and 11.4% of Bedouin and 6.5% of Jewish infants weighed less than 2.5 kg. There was little variation in complications of labor between the 1,959 Bedouin and 8,877 Jewish women delivered in Beersheba's Soroka Medical Center. The cesarean section rate was 1.8% in Bedouin and 4.3% in Jews, while in 0.3% of Bedouin and 1.4% of Jews labor was induced. Monozygous twinning rates were similar in the two ethnic groups (4.8 and 4.5 sets/1,000 deliveries, respectively) but dizygous twinning was twice as common among the Bedouin as among the Jews (13.0 vs 6.0 sets/ 1,000). Male births accounted for 0.526 and 0.512 of the total in Bedouin and Jews, respectively. Perinatal mortality rates for hospital births were 31.1 and 18.3/1,000 in Bedouin and Jews, respectively. Infant deaths among Bedouin (31.0/1,000) were underreported; the rate was 16.8/1,000 for Jewish infants. Although rates of all specific causes of death were higher in Bedouin than in Jews, patterns of mortality in subgroups based on birth weight, sex, twinning and maternal age were quite similar in the two ethnic groups. There were six reported deaths from tetanus among Bedouin babies. For the cohort of babies born in 1972, admissions to the Soroka Medical Center pediatric wards were recorded in 366 (195.5/1,000) Bedouin and 787 (174.3/1,000) Jewish babies younger than the age of one year. Bedouin admission rates were higher than those of Jews for gastroenteritis (119.1 and 64.5/1,000 respectively), infectious and parasitic diseases (29.4 and 21.9), malnutrition (25.6 and 8.0) and external causes (10.1 and 4.4). Admission rates for bronchitis and pneumonia were, however, lower among Bedouin than Jews in the first six months of life.
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PMID:Maternal, perinatal and infant health in Bedouin and Jews in southern Israel. 87 68

Acute bacterial infections are a common cause of pediatric visits to the emergency department. The diagnosis and treatment of pharyngitis, otitis media, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, acute bacterial lymphadenitis and gastroenteritis are reviewed. The authors propose the use of a limited number of antibiotic agents including penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, cephalexin, a sulfonamide and tetracycline to improve efficiency and quality of care and to allow physicians to become familar with the drugs' characteristics, indications, dosage and side effects.
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PMID:Common childhood bacterial infections. 93 94

One hundred and fourteen refugee children from South Vietnam showed similar disease prevalences to refugee children from Bangladesh. Common diseases were malnutrition, gastroenteritis, pneumonia and bronchitis, scabies and furunculosis. Seven children died, five from pneumonia complicated by malnutrition. Increased awareness of the high incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia and more careful assessment of nutritional status may reduce mortality in future groups of refugee children evacuated to Australia.
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PMID:Medical problems in refugee children evacuated from South Vietnam. 100 30

A study was carried out to determine whether the preexisting decline in mortality rates from infectious diseases accelerated after the introduction of antibiotic and chemotherapeutic drugs. Linear regression curves showed that in Sweden mortality rates declined faster in septicemia, syphilis, and non-memingococcal meningitis after the introduction of these drugs. By contrast, for the ten other infectious diseases studied, (scarlet fever, erysipelas, acute rheumatic fever, puerperal sepsis, meningococcal infection, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, and acute gastroenteritis) no such accelerated decline in mortality could be detected. The findings suggest that antibiotic and chemotherapeutic drugs have not had the dramatic effect of the mortality of infectious diseases popularly attributed to them.
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PMID:The effect of antibiotics on mortality from infectious diseases in Sweden and Finland. 100 14

Hospitalization rates of children from three health districts were analyzed. The rates ranged from 30 to 40 admissions per 1000 children. The length of hospital stay, the rates of transfers and deaths were similar. Admission rates were different for certain selected diagnoses: gastroenteritis, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, head trauma and ear, nose and throat procedures. The variations were not related to differences in physician or bed supply, nor to severity or the disease of a delay in getting medical care. The demographic and geographic characteristics and the different patterns of practice can be associated with the observed variations. The health status of these children must be determined before considering which rate is correct.
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PMID:[Variations in hospitalization rates of non-neonatal hospital admissions to pediatric departments of three district hospitals]. 949 96

The clinical features and X-ray manifestations of 50 cases of legionnaires disease were analysed. 8 cases might be due to nosocomial infection through breathing in flying particles of the saliva or phlegm. According to the main clinical features, this disease could be divided into common pneumonia type; acute gastroenteritis type; encephalopathy type; shock type; acute renal insufficiency type. The differential diagnosis of legionnaires disease with mycoplasmal pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia and infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis was also discussed. The first choice for treatment is erythromycin or erythromycin with rifampicin.
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PMID:[A clinical study of 50 cases of Legionnaires disease]. 130 5


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