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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute renal failure due to intratubular obstruction is uncommon in infants. Two infants presenting with acute renal failure associated with acute gastroenteritis were found to have bilateral global nephrocalcinosis secondary to oxalosis.
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PMID:Unusual cause of acute renal failure in infancy. 1523 69

A 16-year-girl, a known case of hyperthyroidism since last 6 months, presented to the emergency with complaints of acute gastroenteritis of 5 days duration. At admission the child was found to be hypovolemic with acidotic breathing, which was thought to be due to dehydration. However, despite fluid correction she remained acidotic. A diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) was suspected when her renal scan, for the cause of metabolic acidosis, revealed nephrocalcinosis. This was later confirmed by relevant investigations. She was started on treatment for distal RTA on which she symptomatically improved. The association of distal RTA and thyroid disorders is rarely reported in children. Till date there is only one report of distal RTA and hypothyroidism, but none with hyperthyroidism in this age group. The authors chose to report this case to highlight the fact that one should have a high index of suspicion for renal tubular disorders in children with thyroid hormone abnormalities, as these are treatable conditions if diagnosed early.
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PMID:Unusual renal manifestations in a girl with hyperthyroidism. 2161 1

Nontyphoidal Salmonella infections often present with self-limited gastroenteritis. Extraintestinal focal infections are uncommon but have high mortality and morbidity. Urinary tract infection caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella is usually associated with structural abnormalities of the urinary tract. Nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis are the major risk factors. Although primary hyperparathyroidism has been reported to increase the risk of nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis, little is known about the association between hyperparathyroidism and Salmonella urinary tract infection. We report the case of a 37-year old man who had a history of primary hyperparathyroidism and bilateral nephrocalcinosis and who developed urinary tract infection. Salmonella Group D was isolated from his urine specimen. Salmonella should be considered as a possible causality organism in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and nephrocalcinosis who develop urinary tract infection. These patients need to be aware of the potential risks associated with salmonellosis.
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PMID:Nontyphoidal salmonella urinary tract infection in a case of hyperparathyroidism and nephrocalcinosis. 2530 82

Kidney transplant patients (KTPs), and particularly those with advanced chronic kidney rejection, may be affected by opportunistic infections, metabolic alterations and vascular and oncologic diseases that promote clinical conditions that require a variety of treatments, the combinations of which may predispose them to hyponatremia. Salt and water imbalance can induce abnormalities in volemia and/or serum sodium depending on the nature of this alteration (increase or decrease), its absolute magnitude (mild or severe) and its relative magnitude (body sodium:water ratio). Hyponatremia appears when the body sodium:water ratio is reduced due to an increase in body water or a reduction in body sodium. Additionally, hyponatremia is classified as normotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic and while hypotonic hyponatremia is classified in hyponatremia with normal, high or low extracellular fluid. The main causes of hyponatremia in KTPs are hypotonic hyponatremia secondary to water and salt contraction with oral hydration (gastroenteritis, sepsis), free water retention (severe renal failure, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release, hypothyroidism), chronic hypokalemia (rapamycin, malnutrition), sodium loss (tubular dysfunction secondary to nephrocalcinosis, acute tubular necrosis, tubulitis/rejection, interstitial nephritis, adrenal insufficiency, aldosterone resistance, pancreatic drainage, kidney-pancreas transplant) and hyponatremia induced by medication (opioids, cyclophosphamide, psychoactive, potent diuretics and calcineurinic inhibitors). In conclusion, KTPs are predisposed to develop hyponatremia since they are exposed to immunologic, infectious, pharmacologic and oncologic disorders, the combinations of which alter their salt and water homeostatic capacity.
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PMID:Hyponatremia in kidney transplant patients: its pathophysiologic mechanisms. 3009 23