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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infection with Echovirus 11 is mostly asymptomatic, but it may cause a wide variety of clinical diseases, from gastroenteritis to serious diseases such as meningitis and myocarditis. In small infants, especially during the first days of life, echovirus infection may appear as a sepsis-like illness, and cause disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and shock. We present 2 infants with severe Echovirus 11 infections. A 3.5-month-old died within 24 hours of shock and probably myocarditis. The other, 6-days old, presented with meningitis, hepatitis and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. It recovered after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. Echovirus 11 may cause life-threatening infections in small infants. Pediatricians should be alert to the special characteristics of this disease.
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PMID:[Life-threatening echovirus 11 infection during first month of life]. 1106 68

The effects of measles are relatively mild in well-nourished children, but are associated with high mortality in those who are malnourished and in those who have other diseases. Complications may include bacterial pneumonia, bronchitis, otitis media, gastroenteritis, myocarditis, hepatitis, and encephalomyelitis. The Expanded Program on Immunization was introduced to India in 1978, but measles immunization did not commence until 1985 under the Universal Immunization Program. Total district coverage was achieved in 1990, followed by a peak immunization coverage figure of 90.9% in 1991. Coverage rates declined, however, to 85.8% in 1992-93. Impressive though they may be, these coverage rates obfuscate the reality that measles remains a major cause of morbidity and childhood mortality in India. Coverage levels remain under 50% in many tribal and remote areas, with 49,453 notified cases at the time of printing. Overall case fatality rates for the country are in the range of 2-15% due to a synergistic relationship between malnutrition and infection. One must therefore not rest in the fight against measles. Sudden outbreaks should be reported immediately and vitamin A supplements and immunization supplies readied in anticipation of epidemic. The many reasons why vaccine coverage rates remain low in some areas include the failure of many parents, health personnel, and some doctors to regard measles as a serious disease; restrictive vaccine administration directives requiring the presence of a physician; physician reticence to open a 10-dose vial for 1-2 patients; and parental and physician reluctance to immunize children who are slightly ill or where minor adverse side reactions such as fever and rash may be anticipated.
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PMID:Measles is down but not out. 1217 72

We present a group of 18 illegal immigrant stowaways who arrived in a shipboard cargo container suffering from gastroenteritis, dehydration, and malnutrition and showing evidence of viral myocarditis in 3 of 4 fatalities. Our investigation included an evaluation of the 2-week ocean voyage, analysis of medical records and laboratory results of the survivors, autopsies on the decedents, and viral studies on their heart tissue. Of 3 stowaways who died shipboard, 2 showed lymphocytic myocarditis and 1 could not be evaluated histologically due to decomposition. A fourth stowaway died 4 months after arrival with dilated cardiomyopathy and lymphocytic myocarditis. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing of viral isolates from the decedents' heart tissues demonstrated Coxsackie virus B3 genome. We believe that these cases represent an outbreak of viral myocarditis, exacerbated by acute dehydration and malnutrition, due to confinement within the shipping container. Our evidence indicates that close confinement promoted the spread of the virus, and nutritional deprivation increased the stowaways' vulnerability. Furthermore, our observations support the conclusion, based on experimental studies, that nutritionally induced oxidative stress increased the virulence of the etiologic viral agent. In summary, these cases represent a potential infectious disease hazard of illegal immigration.
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PMID:Unexpected hazard of illegal immigration: Outbreak of viral myocarditis exacerbated by confinement and deprivation in a shipboard cargo container. 1516 61

Members of the genus Campylobacter are notorious for their ability to cause gastroenteritis. However, increasing numbers of case reports now suggest that they may have a wider pathogenic repertoire. Pericarditis and myocarditis are increasingly being recognised as sequelae of Campylobacter infection. Although rare, these presentations are important, as misdiagnosis may result in inappropriate thrombolysis or angioplasty, with potential accompanying complications. Extraintestinal Campylobacter infections, and the resulting pathogenesis, remain an important challenge for the 21st century, particularly as immunocompromised patients are likely to become increasingly common.
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PMID:Campylobacter infections of the pericardium and myocardium. 1576 Apr 22

Presented here are three cases of acute cardiac disease (myocarditis, myopericarditis, and acute atrial fibrillation) associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection, followed by a review of the corresponding literature. Since Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of human bacterial enteritis in developed countries, these cases emphasize the importance of keeping cardiac complications in mind when treating patients with acute gastroenteritis due to this pathogen.
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PMID:Three cases of cardiac complications associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection and review of the literature. 1616 38

The Parechovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family contains two species, Human parechovirus (HPeV) and Ljungan virus (LV). The HPeVs (including the former echoviruses 22 and 23, now HPeV type 1 (HPeV1) and HPeV2, respectively) cause a wide spectrum of disease, including aseptic meningitis, gastroenteritis, encephalitis, acute respiratory illness, and neonatal sepsis-like disease. The LVs were isolated from bank voles in Sweden during a search for an infectious agent linked to fatal myocarditis cases in humans. Because of the decline in use of cell culture and neutralization to investigate enterovirus-like disease, very few laboratories currently have the capability to test for parechoviruses. We have developed a real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay for detection of all known members of the genus Parechovirus. The assay targets the conserved regions in the 5' nontranslated region (5'NTR) of the parechovirus genome and can detect both HPeVs and LVs, unlike other published parechovirus 5' NTR assays, which only detect known HPeVs or only LVs. HPeV and LV can be differentiated by sequencing the 5'NTR real-time RT-PCR amplicon, when needed. The assay is approximately 100 times more sensitive than cell culture and may be used to test original clinical specimens. The availability of a broad-specificity PCR method should facilitate the detection of new human parechoviruses, as well as new parechoviruses in other mammalian species, and provide an opportunity to investigate the role of these viruses in human and animal disease.
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PMID:Detection of all known parechoviruses by real-time PCR. 1852 69

Gastroenteritis of viral origin has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs during the last two decades. Amongst the viral etiologies responsible for gastroenteritis in dogs, canine parvovirus (CPV) is considered as the most pathogenic. The disease is characterized by hemorrhagic enteritis, bloody diarrhoea and myocarditis in young pups. The present study was carried out to examine alterations in oxidative stress indices in the erythrocytes from dogs suffering from gastroenteritis with or without canine parvoviral infection as confirmed by CPV-DNA amplification from faeces using specific primers for CPV-2 as well as CPV-2a and CPV-2b variants by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The present investigation utilized clinical cases of dogs with signs of acute diarrhea (n=56), and 14 more apparently healthy dogs of similar age group. Erythrocytic oxidative stress indices such as lipid peroxides level and antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and blood micro-mineral (iron, copper, cobalt and zinc) status were analyzed in each dog (n=70). The acute cases of gastroenteritis in dogs were associated with altered erythrocytic lipid peroxidation as evident by estimation of malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration. The activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase, the first line of antioxidant defense against damaging effects of free radicals, were also altered. The alterations in oxidative stress indices were more pronounced in cases with involvement of canine parvovirus as compared to parvo-negative cases. Our results also revealed decreased blood zinc level in diarrhoea in dogs irrespective of involvement of canine parvovirus.
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PMID:Oxidative stress indices in gastroenteritis in dogs with canine parvoviral infection. 1857 11

Cardioviruses cause serious disease, mainly in rodents, including diabetes, myocarditis, encephalomyelitis, and multiple sclerosis-like disseminated encephalomyelitis. Recently, a human virus isolate obtained 25 years ago, termed Saffold virus, was sequenced and classified as a cardiovirus. We conducted systematic molecular screening for Saffold-like viruses in 844 fecal samples from patients with gastroenteritis from Germany and Brazil, across all age groups. Six cardioviruses were identified in patients <6 years of age. Viral loads were 283,305-5,044,412,175 copies/g of stool. Co-infections occurred in 4 of 6 children. No evidence for outbreak-like epidemic patterns was found. Phylogenetic analysis identified 3 distinct genetic lineages. Viral protein 1 amino acids were 67.9%-77.7% identical and had a distance of at least 39.4% from known cardioviruses. Because closely related strains were found on 2 continents, global distribution in humans is suspected. Saffold-like viruses may be the first human cardiovirus species to be identified.
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PMID:Circulation of 3 lineages of a novel Saffold cardiovirus in humans. 1876 6

Toxoplasmosis is one of the more common parasitic zoonoses world-wide. In this study, an epizootic of toxoplasmosis among captive Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) from different locations is reported. By means of light microscopy, Toxoplasma gondii-like tachyzoites were observed associated to interstitial pneumonia, non-suppurative myocarditis, cholangiohepatitis and severe gastroenteritis. The protozoa stained positively with a T. gondii antibody and ultrastructurally were similar to T. gondii. Strikingly, tachyzoites appeared sometimes in an intranuclear location within granulocyte-like cells. Feral cats or reactivation of a latent infection are discussed as the possible sources of infection. As far as we know, this is the first confirmed report of toxoplasmosis in Bennett's wallabies in Spain and Europe, and may constitute a risk of infection for humans since new alimentary habits are being imposed in our countries.
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PMID:Toxoplasmosis in Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) in Spain. 1904 16

Avian reoviruses (ARVs) are pathogens that cause significant morbidity among commercial poultry. ARVs are prototypic representatives of non-enveloped viruses that can cause cell-cell fusion. They belong to the Reoviridae family, which contains many highly pathogenic viruses. ARVs are ubiquitous in commercial poultry and are frequently isolated from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts of chickens with acute infections. The virus causes a range of disease states in chicken, including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, myocarditis, "pale bird syndrome," runting-stunting syndrome, and respiratory illness. This unit describes avian reovirus propagation, quantification, and storage.
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PMID:Avian reoviruses: propagation, quantification, and storage. 1965 15


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