Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-five children with cows' milk protein intolerance were studied. Twenty had presented with an illness clinically indistinguishable from infantile gastroenteritis; an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was isolated from the stools in two children, and in six another member of the family simultaneously developed acute diarrhoea and vomiting. Twenty-three children had lactose intolerance secondary to cows' milk protein intolerance. Eight out of 20 children were found to be partially IgA deficient. An acute attack of gastroenteritis, in damaging the small mucosa, may act as a triggering mechanism in cows' milk protein intolerance, and a deficiency in IgA may be a predisposing factor in so far as it allows the patient to become sensitised to foreign protein.
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PMID:Cows' milk protein intolerance: a possible association with gastroenteritis, lactose intolerance, and IgA deficiency. 77 36

Authors present a prospective study upon 193 cases of acute gastroenteritis in infants 1 to 24 months of age, giving special attention to clinical evolution of the disease without any use of therapy of either antibiotics or other antidiarrheal agents. Data on epidemiology and etiology of this series are similar to those previously reported by other authors. Mean duration of diarrhea was 2,5 days, whereas mean hospital stay was 7,5 days. The number of cases of prolonged diarrhea was 13, from which six were cases of lactose intolerance, six were cases of cow's milk protein intolerance and one was a case of intractable diarrhea. The little use fulness of antibiotics in the treatment of acute diarrhea is commented and also a discussion is made of the different factors involved in the onset of the complications above mentioned.
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PMID:[Acute gastroenteritis. Clinical evolution without use of antibiotics (author's transl)]. 90 Jun 64

Sugar intolerance is a common problem in paediatric practice. The usual type is lactose intolerance following gastroenteritis, but it may also occur in a wide variety of disorders of the small bowel. Diagnosis depends upon identification of reducing substances in the stools. An approach to dietary management of lactose intolerance is given and use of a carbohydrate-free formula in secondary monosaccharide intolerance is described. In each situation, threshold for digestion or absorbtion of carbohydrate is approached gradually from below, and overflow detected by Clinitest stool testing.
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PMID:Management of sugar intolerance in children. 106 91

Lactose intolerance due to lactase deficiency often follows acute gastroenteritis. In such situations, a lactose-free formula may be indicated for preterm infants. Therefore, the effect of addition of lactase on the lactose content and osmolality of preterm and term infant formulas was studied. Lactose content of formulas at room temperature was decreased by approximately 50% 1 hour after addition of lactase. Concentration of lactose was reduced by 70% or more after 2 hours in all formulas. Because of the higher initial lactose concentration in term formulas, it took 24 hours to reach the same absolute lactose concentration (10 g/kg formula) found in preterm formulas after 2 hours. There was a moderate increase in osmolality in preterm formulas. The increase was greater in term formulas because of the greater initial concentration of lactose. The addition of lactase appears to be a suitable method for reduction of lactose content of preterm and term formulas, although the increase in osmolality of term formulas may preclude their clinical use.
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PMID:Effect of a lactase preparation on lactose content and osmolality of preterm and term infant formulas. 194 72

Ninety infants and young children with acute gastroenteritis were investigated for lactose malabsorption. Each of them was given an oral lactose load of 2g per kg of body weight after which breath hydrogen excretion was measured, and each was observed for clinical symptoms of lactose intolerance. Only 2 patients, given 2g per kg of lactose, had clinical lactose intolerance. Forty-nine of the 90 patients studied were found to have the rotavirus antigen in their stools. Forty-five of them were found to have an abnormal lactose breath hydrogen test (LBHT). Twenty-three patients with abnormal LBHT were restarted on a diluted lactose-containing formula for oral feeding. They required longer hospitalization (mean 6.7 days, range 3-14 days) and were free of diarrhea in 14 days (mean 7.5 days). Twenty-two patients found to have an abnormal LBHT were given a nonlactose-containing formula (Isomil, Nursoy, Alsoy, ProSobee, or Bebelac FL) when restarted on oral feeding. All patients require less than 5 days of hospitalization and free of diarrhea in 5 days (mean 3.4 days). The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Breath hydrogen test for assessment of lactose malabsorption following rotavirus gastroenteritis. 198 76

Sixty two babies under the age of 6 months who were admitted with gastroenteritis completed a study of gradual refeeding compared with abrupt refeeding after a period of rehydration. There was no difference in the incidence of recurrence of diarrhoea due to lactose intolerance, effect on weight, or duration of hospital stay. Twenty six babies (42%) had recurrence of diarrhoea after refeeding, all of whom settled with the introduction of a lactose free soya based formula. Well nourished babies under 6 months of age with mild to moderately severe gastroenteritis can be fed immediately with full strength milk feeds after rehydration. The introduction of a lactose free soya based preparation may provide an alternative to repeated attempts at regrading with cows' milk feeds in those patients with lactose intolerance.
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PMID:Acute gastroenteritis in infants under 6 months old. 222 64

The response to dietary treatment of patients with chronic post-infectious diarrhea and lactose intolerance was prospectively studied in 29 infants less than 1 year of age. All had gastroenteritis with diarrhea which persisted for more than 3 weeks. In the hospital, diarrhea continued and lactose intolerance was documented while being fed half-strength cow's milk formula. They were given dietary treatment with one of three formulas used for treatment of diarrhea in infancy. Improvement of diarrhea was more frequently achieved with Pregestimil when given as the initial therapy than with the other two formulas. With Pregestimil nine of 10 patients improved whereas only four of nine infants fed Portagen and one of 10 patients initially treated with soy formula improved. Pregestimil was also effective in three of five patients who initially failed to improve with Portagen and in four of eight patients tried with soy formula with or without carbohydrate. Additionally, in the patients who improved, recovery was more rapidly achieved with Pregestimil than with the other two formulas. Formula failures were due to intolerance to glucose polymers in three patients, possibly to protein in seven infants, and an intolerance to all nutrients in five patients. The improvement of the diarrhea was slower in patients who had evidence of colitis in rectal biopsies regardless of the dietary treatment given, but was not correlated with other variables, i.e., etiology of diarrhea, jejunal histology, or duration of diarrhea prior to treatment. However, as a group, the patients who failed to respond to Pregestimil were younger (less than 3 months of age), had more formula changes and associated infections, and were given more antibiotics; they also had more prolonged diarrhea before treatment and more severe jejunal mucosal lesions and jejunal bacterial overgrowth. The data suggests that Pregestimil seems to be the most effective formula for the treatment of infants with chronic post-infectious diarrhea and lactose intolerance.
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PMID:The response to dietary treatment of patients with chronic post-infectious diarrhea and lactose intolerance. 235 19

Sixty-eight bottle-fed babies under 9 months of age with mild acute gastroenteritis were observed to evaluate current feeding regimens following acute gastroenteritis in infancy. All babies were fed for 24 h with a glucose-electrolyte mixture (GEM) and then randomly assigned to either a gradual reintroduction to their normal milk, i.e., slow regrade; immediate return to full-strength formula; or a rapid regrade to a hypoallergenic whey hydrolysate formula. All groups were well matched for age, sex, ethnic origin, nutritional state, and degree of hydration. There was no significance difference in stool frequency or reducing substances, vomiting, and duration of hospital stay between the three groups. Many infants (6/24) refused to take the whey hydrolysate formula, presumably because of unpalatability. Weight gain was more rapid when full-strength milk was given. Clinical relapse developed in 12 (17%) of patients. An enteric pathogen was detected in eight of this group and cow's milk protein intolerance in three (one from each feeding group). No infant had clinically significant lactose intolerance, in marked contrast to previous experience at Queen Elizabeth Hospital. In this group of previously healthy, well-nourished babies with mild acute gastroenteritis, there was no advantage in regrading slowly to milk or a hypoallergenic formula. An immediate return to normal formula 24 h after GEM feeding was well tolerated and simpler for parents.
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PMID:Evaluation of infant feeding in acute gastroenteritis. 270 54

Children with mild acute gastroenteritis have not been observed for specific evidence of lactose intolerance yet are frequently fed a nonlactose formula. To determine whether such intervention is justified, 85 infants with mild acute gastroenteritis were followed prospectively. Infants were blindly and randomly assigned to 20 calorie/oz formula containing one of four carbohydrates: lactose, sucrose, polycose, or combined sucrose-polycose. Daily diaries were kept by parents, and patients were reexamined on days 2, 7, and 14 of the study. Evidence for rotavirus was detected in 23 infants, and five had bacterial pathogens. Symptoms resolved in most patients within 7 days, but five infants were subsequently hospitalized. Stool frequency, weight gain, and need for hospitalization did not differ significantly among the groups. Recovery from mild acute gastroenteritis occurred within 2 weeks irrespective of carbohydrate ingested.
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PMID:Effect of carbohydrate ingested on outcome in infants with mild gastroenteritis. 371 54

The incidence and degree of incomplete lactose absorption was investigated in breast fed infants and children up to two years of age during acute gastroenteritis (GE). Lactose absorption was assessed in 50 patients by means of the hydrogen breath test (HBT), approximately 5.5 days after the admission to hospital. HBT detected incomplete lactose absorption of marked (lactose malabsorption) and probably mild degree in 8 and 6 patients respectively. Incomplete lactose absorption appeared to be transient in all 5 patients retested after discharge. HBT failed to identify 8 cases of lactose intolerance which were detected by investigation of the stools. In 31 breast fed controls of a similar age range incomplete lactose absorption of only mild degree was probably present in 2 and lactose intolerance in 1, which too was only detected by investigation of stools. During acute GE the use of HBT is appropriate to detect milder forms of incomplete lactose absorption than lactose intolerance. For the detection of lactose intolerance the measurement of pH and reducing substances in the stools remains the method of choice. The findings are in favour of the continuation of breast feeding during acute GE.
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PMID:Incomplete lactose absorption from breast milk during acute gastroenteritis. 395 71


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