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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical features of colchicine toxicity in a patient following ingestion of Gloriosa superba tubers are described. Gastroenteritis, acute renal failure, cardiotoxicity and haematological abnormalities were the main toxic manifestations. There was no hypotension and no neurological manifestations. Electrocardiographic changes were noteworthy and have not been reported previously.
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PMID:Colchicine cardiotoxicity following ingestion of Gloriosa superba tubers. 269 38

Infections with salmonellae causing gastroenteritis rarely lead to bacteremia (1-4%), and serious courses are almost exclusively observed in patients with a compromised immune system. In 1986-1987 we observed 4 patients with no evidence of disturbed cell-mediated immunity, who presented with severe bacteremic salmonellosis (1 patient with S. Heidelberg and 3 with S. enteritidis). 1 patient had septic shock with rhabdomyolysis, 1 patient acute renal failure and 1 patient acute endocarditis.
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PMID:[Salmonella enteritis with a serious course in patients without a suppressed immune system]. 323 99

The hemolytic-uremic syndrome consist of micro-angiopathic hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, and thrombocytopenia following a prodromal illness of gastroenteritis. The syndrome can present in dramatic fashion with severe abdominal pain and signs of peritonitis suggesting an acute surgical crisis. In some cases, laparotomy is necessary, and we report a case with colectomy.
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PMID:[The surgical form of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome]. 404 56

Sodium, potassium and magnesium were measured in serum resp. plasma and in erythrocytes of oliguricanuric children with acute haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). Potassium was in serum resp. plasma and in red cells in normal range or decrease compared with other forms of acute renal failure in children. These findings were different to statements in the relevant literature, which describe hyperkaliaemia. We suppose a potassium depletion in the early state of HUS. The cause is still unknown. Furthermore we found a hyponatriaemia according to severity of edema and gastroenteritis. Sodium in red cells and magnesium in plasma and erythrocytes were slightly elevated.
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PMID:[Pattern of serum and red cell electrolytes in acute haemolytic uraemic syndrome (author's transl)]. 719 93

A prospective study over two and a half years analysed 48 children of acute renal failure requiring dialysis therapy. The mean age was 3 years 9 months and M:F ratio was 1.8:1. Renal causes predominated, accounting for 65%, with prerenal and postrenal causes responsible for 19% and 16%. Acute glomerulonephritis was seen in 13 cases, hypovolemia secondary to gastroenteritis in 9, tubular necrosis in 6, and hemolytic uremic syndrome in 5. A delay in seeking medical attention was present in as many as 48%, and was especially common with female children. All had oligo-anuria, with fluid overload present in 18.7%, hypertension in 23%, hypotension in 16.6%, neuropsychiatric manifestations in 20%, and infections in 47%. Peritoneal dialysis was carried out in 95%, and hemodialysis in 6.2%. Urine output and renal function returned to normal within 1.5 to 16 days (mean 5.9) in the survivors. Of the 28 who survived, 19 were followed up regularly for a mean of 4.25 months and all except one had normal renal function. Factors associated with a poor prognosis included female sex, age < 1 year, neurological manifestations, and hypotension, though these were not statistically significant. Mortality in our series was 41.5%. While etiological factors have shown changing trends, mortality still remains high inspite of dialysis.
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PMID:Acute renal failure in children requiring dialysis therapy. 789 66

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), the most common cause of acute renal failure in childhood, has the potential to progress to a life-threatening illness. Its incidence in North America is increasing. Several studies have shown that Escherichia coli O157:H7 is associated with HUS. Although this pathogen was first recognized more than 10 years ago and is relatively common, many physicians are not aware of this diagnosis let alone the spectrum of illness associated with the bacteria. This case exemplifies what appears initially as gastroenteritis but, ultimately, becomes the final diagnosis of HUS. A case is presented to provide additional education to ensure the E coli O157:H7 infection is considered in the differential diagnosis of persons who present with bloody diarrhea.
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PMID:Hemolytic uremic syndrome: just another case of gastroenteritis? 817 52

Over a 28-year period, 113 out of 2986 (3.8%) patients dialysed for acute renal failure at a referral center in North India were diagnosed to have acute renal cortical necrosis (ACN). Obstetric causes were responsible for ACN in 56.6% patients and nonobstetric causes in 43.4%. Within the obstetric group, ACN developed in association with complications of late pregnancy in 37.1% and following septic abortion in 19.5%. The various nonobstetric causes included viperine snake bite in 14.2%, hemolytic uremic syndrome in 11.5%, renal allograft rejection in 5.3%, acute gastroenteritis in 4.4%, acute pancreatitis in 3.5%, septicemia in 2.7%, and trauma and drug-induced IV hemolysis in 0.9% patients. Total anuria was the commonest presenting feature and was noted in 78.8% of patients. Renal histology showed diffuse cortical necrosis in 62.8% and patchy lesions in 37.2% patients. Computerized tomography (CT scan) of the kidneys revealed characteristic diagnostic findings in all the 5 patients in whom it was done. Dialytic support could be withdrawn as a result of improvement in renal function in 19 patients with patchy cortical necrosis. Dialysis-free survival of as long as 12 years has been recorded. The present study shows that, in contrast to the Western world, ACN continues to be a common cause of acute renal failure in developing countries. CT scan of the kidneys is helpful in establishing an early diagnosis.
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PMID:Acute renal cortical necrosis--a study of 113 patients. 818 45

A disease syndrome similar to the hemolytic uremic syndrome of people is described in three dogs with acute renal failure. In each dog, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis preceded the onset of anuric acute renal failure. Evidence of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (schizocytes, thrombocytopenia, and increased concentrations of fibrin split products) was present in the three dogs. Serum chemistry results showed increased concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and phosphorus. Ultrasound examination performed in one dog revealed increased echogenicity of the renal cortices. Treatment for anuric acute renal failure using a continuous dopamine and furosemide infusion established urine production in one of three dogs. Microscopic examination of tissue from the two dogs that underwent necropsy showed occlusion of the renal vasculature by fibrin thrombi consistent with microangiopathic arteriolar thrombosis. The pathophysiology and current knowledge of human hemolytic uremic syndrome is compared with hemolytic uremic syndrome in these dogs.
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PMID:Hemolytic uremic syndrome in dogs. 824 11

One hundred and twenty patients with a mean age of 38 years (range 12-85 years; M 91, F 37) were studied over a period of 5 years in a teaching hospital in Dhaka. Sixty-two patients presented with probable anuria with 1-4 days' duration, 63 patients presented with oliguria, and 3 were nonoliguric. The causes of acute renal failure were medical (94), surgical (22), obstetrical (13). Of the medical cases, the causes were gastroenteritis in 42 cases, gastroenteritis with CNS involvement in 11 cases, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in 10 cases, acute viral hepatitis in 8 cases, and septicemia in 8 cases. Of 22 surgical cases, postoperative acute renal failure was the cause in 9, road traffic accident in 6, and renal calculus disease in 7. There were 13 cases in the obstetrics group, of whom 9 were due to abortion, 2 were due to preeclampsia, and the other 2 were postoperative. The mean blood urea of all cases was 35 mmol/L and serum creatinine was 988 mumol/L. Dialysis was required in 105 cases; of these, 72 were medical cases, 21 were surgical cases, and 12 were obstetric cases. The overall survival rate was 75%. The improved survival is probably due to timely referral and prompt medical management.
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PMID:Outcome of acute renal failure in adults in a teaching hospital in Bangladesh. 829 Jul 6

A child with severe gastroenteritis developed acute rhabdomyolysis combined with acute renal failure. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this clinical syndrome are not completely understood. Rhabdomyolysis is mainly due to osmotic changes on both sides of the cell membrane. The preventive and therapeutic measures consist of adequate fluid substitution, correction of electrolyte and acid-base imbalances, administration of diuretics and alkalization of the urine. Dialysis treatment may be necessary. In this particular case renal failure resolved but the child died of other organ failure.
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PMID:[Secondary rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure in gastroenteritis with hypernatremic dehydration]. 841 50


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