Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a 45-year-old female who had symptomatic gastrointestinal involvement, eosinophils in the cellular infiltrate, and who proved to have L-tryptophan-associated eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. This case illustrates that gastrointestinal disease can be a major, seemingly primary clinical presentation in this syndrome, and that a drug history, specifically L-tryptophan, needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of "eosinophilic gastroenteritis."
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PMID:Gastrointestinal involvement in L-tryptophan (L-Trp) associated eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS). 156 9

From October 23 to October 27, 1989, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred aboard a cruise ship in the Caribbean. The 818 passengers and 518 crew members were surveyed for gastrointestinal symptoms; 72 (14%) of 512 passengers and 12 (3%) of 388 crew members who answered the survey reported having a diarrheal illness. Multiple-antibiotic-resistant Shigella flexneri 4a was isolated from 19 ill passengers and two ill crew members. Thirteen people were hospitalized, and prolonged duration of illness was associated with taking an antibiotic to which the isolated strain of Shigella was resistant. A case-control study of food items implicated German potato salad as the vehicle of transmission. It was prepared and probably infected by a food handler from a country where multiple-antibiotic-resistant Shigella is common. Spread may have been facilitated by the limited availability of toilet facilities for the galley crew. This outbreak demonstrates how antibiotic-resistant strains can be introduced into the United States, where they can pose treatment problems. The continuing problem of foodborne gastrointestinal disease in settings such as cruise ships underscores the need for basic hygienic control for food handlers and food preparation areas. In addition, the availability of adequate working conditions for crew members, including appropriately furnished toilet facilities, may be important issues that must be addressed in order to decrease the frequency of diarrhea outbreaks aboard cruise ships.
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PMID:An outbreak of shigellosis aboard a cruise ship caused by a multiple-antibiotic-resistant strain of Shigella flexneri. 165 3

Acute gastroenteritis is the commonest gastrointestinal disorder in children. It accounted for about 10% of the admissions to a general paediatric unit in Singapore. About 5% of total paediatric admissions to all the government hospitals in Singapore were due to acute gastroenteritis. Some 50% of the cases had no identifiable organism in the stools. Most of the remaining cases were due to bacterial or viral infections. The commonest bacteria responsible for acute gastroenteritis nowadays is Salmonella species. Other bacteria such as E. coli, Shigella and Campylobacter were responsible for a smaller proportion of bacterial diarrhoea in children. Rotavirus was the commonest viral agent responsible for acute diarrhoea among Singapore children. Most patients had mild diarrhoea and severe dehydration following acute gastroenteritis was not common. About 60% of the patients admitted to hospital were younger than two years of age. Bacterial infections were more common in infancy. Viral diarrhoea were more likely to be watery and bacterial diarrhoea were more likely to be bloody and mucoid. With regard to chronicity, it was the groups with mixed infection or bacteria infection which had a prolonged course. Treatment was directed at maintaining hydration and prevention of complications. Except for secondary lactase deficiency, other long term complications were rare.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal infections in Singapore children. 188 88

Five hundred and ninety-four patients were consecutively admitted to an infectious disease unit over a 2-year period with a referral diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis or food poisoning. In 175 (29%) patients, gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with a condition other than gastrointestinal infection. Non-infective gastrointestinal disease was present in 90 patients, systemic infection in 50 and systemic disease in 35. Four illustrative case histories are presented to emphasize the need for a high index of suspicion if diseases such as malaria, septicaemia or appendicitis are not to be missed.
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PMID:Acute gastroenteritis: the need to remember alternative diagnoses. 208 49

During the period 1963-1986, 24 fatal cases of gastrointestinal disease in children aged 0-14 years were referred to the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark, for autopsy. We have retrospectively, reviewed the cases and asked the medical officers of health, whether complaints against doctors or hospitals for negligence had been raised. The material consists of 19 boys and 5 girls with 9 different gastrointestinal diagnoses, predominantly small intestinal obstructive diseases such as intussuception, volvolus and adhesions. Five children with gastroenteritis were included who were treated and died at home. Reported prodromal symptoms were present in 23 of 24 cases. Nineteen had contacted a doctor in the week preceding death. The number of consultations ranged from 1 to 3 and involved general practitioners predominantly. Among 14 of 19 cases where death occurred at home, a doctor had been called prior to the death of the child. In 12 cases the clinical diagnoses were different from the autopsy results. The most frequent wrong clinical diagnosis was gastroenteritis. After the autopsies, five cases were reported to the National Board of Health for further consideration. In four cases the National Board of Health stated that negligence had existed. From our investigations and research from elsewhere it appeared that the National Board of Health defines negligence as considerable error of judgement, or where examination or history raking, had been insufficient. The main purpose is to prevent these gastrointestinal deaths. Attention has been drawn, in particular, to the small intestinal obstructive diseases and dehydration following gastroenteritis.
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PMID:[Sudden death in children with gastrointestinal diseases. 24 forensic cases]. 239 97

Antibiotics have an important place in the management of gastrointestinal disease. Recent studies have demonstrated efficacy in acute bacterial gastroenteritis caused by salmonellae and campylobacteriaceae, shigellae and enterotoxigenic strains of E coli (ETEC). Tetracycline remains effective in cholera. Antibiotic resistance is widespread amongst the enteric pathogens and can quickly spread during epidemics of infective diarrhoeas. It is important that antibiotics are reserved for the treatment of serious infections lest their effectiveness in these conditions be lost. Campylobacter pylori appears to be an important cause of chronic active gastritis and is amenable to treatment with antibiotics and bismuth salts. The role of C. pylori in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease is not yet established but there is mounting evidence that antibiotic treatment will have a place in the treatment of this common condition. The effect of antibiotics on the normal intestinal microflora can have serious consequences. It is a major cause of resistance in urinary tract pathogens, can result in outbreaks of hospital infection with resistant organisms and frequently results in C. difficile associated diarrhoea.
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PMID:Review article: antibiotics and the gut. 251 46

Infections caused by marine vibrios appear to be an increasing problem. Gastroenteritis, soft tissue-infection and septicaemia are the most prevalent manifestations. Different environmental and traditional water quality measurements do not indicate the risk. These infections are confined to the summer and late summer with water temperatures exceeding 20 degrees C. Tourists may be exposed to an extraordinary risk, and infections may not become apparent until they have returned home. High risk groups (e.g. immunocompromized) have a high case-fatality rate. The extremely rapid onset of these infections demand aggressive antibiotic therapy and vigorous debridement at an early stage. Gastrointestinal disorders may necessitate fluid replacement and tetracycline is recommended in severe cases.
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PMID:[The risk of infection from the sea: Vibrionaceae]. 267 36

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an estuarine bacterium that is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Occasionally, this organism has also been shown to be the causative agent of wound infections. In almost all cases of gastrointestinal disease only strains that produce hemolysin ("Kanagawa-positive") are implicated. We have isolated a Kanagawa-negative strain of V. parahaemolyticus from serous wound drainage of the infected foot of a hospital dietary employee. To our knowledge, this is only the third documented case of wound infection caused by such an organism. In this instance, the potential threat of nosocomial transmission was of special concern in that the wound infection was present in a hospital food handler.
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PMID:Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Kanagawa-negative) wound infection in a hospital dietary employee. 337 Sep 30

This review details the evidence that interactions between food antigens and the immune system may play a role in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases. In immediate hypersensitivity reactions to foods involving the gastrointestinal system, in milk-induced gastrointestinal disease in infants and children, and in some forms of hypereosinophilic gastroenteritis, the evidence for the participation of food antigens is extensive. Gluten-induced enteropathy and some forms of dermatitis herpetiformis are also induced by defined food proteins where the response is specific and characteristic. The role of food antigens in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is unclear, and warrants further studies.
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PMID:Interactions between food antigens and the immune system in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases. 390 41

Enteric types of adenovirus have recently been identified as a causative agent of infantile gastroenteritis. We utilized enzyme immunoassay and tissue culture techniques to evaluate prospectively the role of ET Ad in diarrhea occurring in hospitalized infants. We found that ET Ad was associated with 14 of 27 cases of diarrhea occurring during a 12-week study period in the late autumn and early winter months; ET Ad was found in the stool of only one of 72 children without diarrhea (P less than 0.001). Although adenoviruses other than ET Ad were found in the stools of two of the 27 children with diarrhea, such viruses were also found in the stools of five of 72 children without diarrhea and thus could not be statistically correlated with acute gastroenteritis. Children infected with ET Ad had diarrhea for a mean of 8.0 days, compared to a mean duration of 4.2 days for the children with gastroenteritis not associated with ET Ad. Thirteen of the 14 children with ET Ad gastroenteritis had respiratory symptoms such as cough, rhinorrhea, or wheezing, six had roentgenographic evidence of pneumonia, and three children had bilateral conjunctivitis. This study documents that ET Ad can be an important cause of acute gastrointestinal disease in hospitalized infants and young children and that gastrointestinal infections with ET Ad can be associated with a high rate of respiratory disease.
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PMID:Gastroenteritis associated with enteric type adenovirus in hospitalized infants. 628 53


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