Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The potential antiviral activity of 6-azauridine and 5-iododeoxyuridine was evaluated in a coordinated study at five institutions. Experimental models in five species, the mouse, rabbit, swine, cat, and ferret, were established with use of 10 viruses: Herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2, murine cytomegalovirus, vaccinia virus, Shope fibroma virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, swine influenza virus, feline viral rhinotracheitis virus, feline panleukopenia virus, and ferret distemper virus. Criteria for selection were: (1) representation from a number of major groups of viruses, (2) reproduction of natural routes of infection, and (3) simulation of potentially treatable viral infections of man. Antiviral activity was observed for 5-iododeoxyuridine in H. hominis infections in hairless mice and influenza in swine, and a slight degree of efficacy was noted in rabbits infected with Shope fibroma virus. Toxicity was also observed in most of the experimental models. There was a suggestion of antiviral activity with 6-azauridine in swine infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus; however, enhancement of disease and some toxicity were seen in most of the other models. Efficacy of these two compounds was not well substantiated by these studies.
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PMID:Evaluation of 6-azauridine and 5-iododeoxyuridine in the treatment of experimental viral infections. 18 Jan 89

Isolations of reovirus-like agents (rotaviruses) were made from nine of 23 outbreaks of piglet diarrhoea on different farms and from both weaned and unweaned piglets. The viruses were shown to be morphologically and anti-genically similar to the rotaviruses of children and calves. Gnotobiotig piglets given intranasal inoculations of five different isolates developed acute gastroenteritis, and the virus was re-isolated from the faeces or intestinal contents. The piglet virus was not adapted to replicate in cell culture. We conclude that the pig rotavirus is commonly associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis and is probably an important aetiological factor in this disease.
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PMID:The isolation of reovirus-like agents (rota-viruses) from acute gastroenteritis of piglets. 18 Feb 94

Cross-protection studies of gilts exposed to 4 transmissible gastroenteritis viruses--Ilinois (field strain), Miller-3, Miller low passage (M-LP), and Miller high passage (M-HP) tissue culture-adapted--indicated that only the gilt vaccinated with Illinois strain was protected, along with its newborn pigs, against challenge exposure with field virus. Similar results were obtained when the 4 viruses were incubated in vitro with colostrum from each of the 4 vaccinated gilts and subsequently used to orally inoculate newborn pigs. However, when the colostrums were used to neutralize M-HP virus in cell cultures, the neutralization titers were similar, indicating that a close antigenic relationship existed among the viruses. Neutralization studies in cell cultures, using immunoglobulin (Ig) fractions derived from colostrums of sows exposed to Illinois and M-HP virus, indicated that Illinois virus elicited more neutralizing activity in IgA than in the IgG fraction and that M-HP virus elicited more IgG than IgA antibody activity. In another study, Illinois virus was treated with these Ig-enriched fractions and then inoculated into the lumen of the jejunum of 3-day-old pigs. Anti-Illinois IgA was the only class of antibody which prevented replication of the Illinois virus in the intestine. Similar intraintestinal inoculations were used to test invasiveness of untreated Illinois and M-HP viruses. It was demonstrated that Illinois virus caused marked effect on the intestine: shortening of the villi, intestinal distension, edema, and presence of accumulated intestinal fluid within 60 hours after inoculation. The M-HP virus grew in the intestinal cells without affecting the length of the villi. The degree of invasiveness of Illinois or M-HP virus may account for the difference in the antibody class elicited in the colostrums.
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PMID:Neutralization of a transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine by colostral antibodies elicited by intestine and cell culture-propagated virus. 18 73

Gnotobiotic newborn calves were found to be susceptible to infection with the reovirus-like agent of human infantile gastroenteritis (HRVL). Infection was based on (i) seroresponse using immunofluorescence and (ii) fecal shedding of virus particles using electron microscopy. Virus was detected in fecal samples for at least 2 to as long as 7 days after inoculation, although peak virus concentrations were observed on days 1 to 4. Diarrheal illness was observed in seven calves on second to fourth serial passage of HRVL in calves but in none of four animals studied on first passage. Diarrhea began 15 to 30.5 h (mean = 22.3 h) post-inoculation and lasted less than 24 h; three of the seven animals that developed diarrhea were also depressed or anorectic.
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PMID:Diarrhea in gnotobiotic calves caused by the reovirus-like agent of human infantile gastroenteritis. 18 47

The World Health Organization (WHO) convened a Scientific Group to adapt its program in virus diseases to recent progress in virology. The program consists of (a) general activities, such as reference services and the supplying of reagents by the WHO Collaborating Centres and (b) specific activities to solve problems-including the promotion of necessary research-caused by certain diseases of public health importance. The Group reviewed problems caused by influenza and other respiratory viruses, enteroviruses, gastroenteritis viruses (for which types A and B have been proposed as a convenient nomenclature), viral hepatitis, viruses in water and sewage, arboviruses, arenaviruses and Marburg virus, measles and rubella vaccination, smallpox, rabies, chronic infections, herpesviruses, oncogenic viruses, congenital infections, nosocomial infections, chlamydial and rickettsial infections, and mycoplasma infections.
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PMID:The new program of the World Health Organization in medical virology. 18 63

Clinical signs of transmissible gastroenteritis were not observed in newborn pigs orally inoculated with the high-passaged vaccinal transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TO-163 strain). Vaccinal viral multiplication in digestive tract of newborn pigs fed colostrum before inoculation and kept at 21 to 22 C was diminished, but was not diminished in those fed colostrum and kept at 10 to 11 C. Other groups of newborn pigs inoculated with the attenuated vaccinal virus and kept at 18 to 22 C or at 31 to 34 C were challenge exposed with virulent intestinal virus on the 1st, 2nd, . . ., or 6th postinoculation (PI) days. In the groups kept at 18 to 22 C, 2 of 7 inoculated pigs challenge exposed with virulent virus on the 3rd PI day, 4 of 7 pigs exposed on the 4th PI day, and all of the pigs exposed on and after the 5th PI day survived the exposure. In the groups kept at 18 to 22 C, the attenuated vaccinal virus was distributed mainly in the respiratory organs and lymphatic tissues. On the contrary, in the groups kept at 31 to 34 C, all of the pigs died in 2 to 5 days after challenge exposure, and the attenuated vaccinal virus was scarcely detected in any of the pigs.
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PMID:Vaccination of newborn pigs with an attenuated strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. 18 88

An in vitro leukocyte-aggregation assay was developed to detect the exposure of swine to transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Leukocytes in heparinized blood samples aggregated when mixed with test antigen prepared from transmissible gastroenteritis-infected swine testicle cell cultures. Twenty-two of 23 swine exposed 3 days or more were positive or suspects in the assay; 6 nonexposed swine were negative. Aggregation was shown as early as 3 days postexposure in 1 sow and persisted for as long as 14 months in another. Persistence of the assay was proved by repeated evaluations on 2 experimentally exposed swine.
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PMID:Leukocyte-aggregation assay for transmissible gastroenteritis of swine. 18 89

Precipitating antibodies against transmissible gastroenteritis viral antigens were detected by the immunodiffusion test in two transmissible gastroenteritis viral hyperimmune antisera and in antiserum prepared against haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus but not in sera from several species of normal animals, in antisera prepared against a variety of othet viruses and bacteria or sera from swine with bacterial enteritis. When the immunodiffusion test was compared with the virus neutralization test for the detection of transmissible gastroeneritis viral antibodies in 20 swine sera certain samples which contained high titres of virus neutralizing antibodies failed to produce precipitation while other sera were positive in the immunodiffusion test although their virus neutralizing antibody titres were relatively low. Precipitating antibodies were also detected by immunodiffusion in several samples of milk whey from a sow which had been vaccinated with inactivated transmissible gastroenteritis virus.
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PMID:The detection of transmissible gastroenteritis viral antibodies by immunodiffusion. 18 95

A plaquing system and plaque neutralization test in porcine thyroid cells were used to study different transmissible gastroenteritis isolates and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. Among transmissible gastroenteritis virus isolates, plaque size varied considerably and mixed size ranges sometimes occurred. The most recently isolated viruses produced smaller plaques than the laboratory viruses or hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. All transmissible gastroenteritis virus isolates reacted in the plaque neutralization test with a transmissible gastroenteritis virus antiserum which showed no activity against hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. Plaque neutralization results both from experimentally infected pigs and following a field outbreak demonstrated the reliability of this test and its greater sensitivity than the conventional tube test.
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PMID:Transmissible gastroenteritis virus: plaques and a plaque neutralization test. 18 96

Groups of two or three day old pigs were inoculated intravenously with cell culture grown transmissible gastroenteritis virus. A single or a multiple dosage schedule was used. The magnitude of immune response was measured in terms of serum neutralization indices. A single dose of relatively attenuated virus caused mild clinical signs of transmissible gastroenteritis infection in the pigs and induced a low level of antibody in the serum by the seventh day after inoculation. Repeated injections of virus at seven day intervals stimulated little increase in antibody titers. However, high serum antibody titers were obtained for all pigs if the time interval between injections was extended to 15 days. Sera obtained early after exposure to live transmissible gastroenteritis virus contained mainly IgM antibody whereas sera obtained later after exposure contained mainly IgG antibody. Ten plaque purified isolates of transmissible gastroenteritis virus, comprising eight American isolates, one Japanese isolate and one British isolate were indistinguishable by means of reciprocal plaque reduction neutralization tests.
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PMID:Antibody response in pigs inoculated with transmissible gastroenteritis virus and cross reactions among ten isolates. 18 97


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