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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors conducted a double blind trial to determine how accurately the mothers made up the feeds provided them during the winter of 1976-77 as oral treatment for acute gastroenteritis. Parents of 73 children under 18 months of age who were suffering from acute gastroenteritis were given either sucrose (39) or glucose (34) to add to a carbohydrate electrolyte mixture. Of 36 mothers selected at random and asked how they made up the solutions, only 2 mothers appeared to sterilize or make up the feeds inadequately. The ranges of osmolality and electrolyte composition were wide: 145 to 360 mosmol/kg for the sucrose solution, and 192 to 600 for the glucose solutions. Correct osmolalities were 216 and 315 respectively. There was no correlation observed between variability and need for admission. Variance of osmolality was significantly greater in those who were admitted in the glucose-treated group (32%; p or = 0.01, F test), but not in the sucrose-treated group, suggesting that the risk of producing hyperosmolar feeds is greater when glucose solutions are incorrectly made up. Both groups had the same recovery time (2-6 days, mean 3.6) where outpatient treatment was successful. The data confirm the previous observation that sucrose was at least as effective as glucose. The authors now provide diluted electrolyte mixture to which parents only add sucrose. Sucrose mixture is effective, of low osmotic load, and is also relatively cheap. Its use in outpatient treatment of infantile acute gastroenteritis is recommended.
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PMID:Sucrose instead of glucose in electrolyte solutions. 7 79

Immediate oral therapy at home by the mother using a sugar-salt solution offers a real prospect of reducing mortality from gastroenteritis among preschool children in the developing world. The sugar-salt solution enables the mother to take action against a disease which is the most frequent cause of death among young children. In Lagos, Nigeria, knowledge of the treatment has diffused rapidly in a low-income community served by a clinic run by the Institute of Child Health. In a recent study, women expecting their 1st child and others who had never used the service were able to describe the sugar-salt solution treatment taught to all who attend the clinic. However, of the 217 women who described the method, less than 1/2 (34%) could give the correct proportions of sugar and salt to be used (4 teaspoons and 1/4 teaspoon respectively in a standard local beer bottle filled with water). Most errors involved the use of too much salt. In nearly 1/2 these cases, 4 times too much salt was described, and in 3 cases, 16 times too much salt. Under these circumstances, we can expect a possible increase in children admitted with hypernatremia, a situation which would bring the method into disrepute. Any attempt to transfer health skills to mothers in developing countries must recognize, as in this example, the problems posed by lack of education and unfamiliarity with measurement terms such as "1/4" or even "a teaspoon." What is required is a simple measuring spoon giving the actual quantity to be used. Manufactured on a large scale in plastic, this would be inexpensive. Ideally, every mother of a preschool child should have 1, but where this is not possible, all health workers should have such spoons so that they can measure into a mother's hand the correct amounts. In this way the mother can make correct use of a treatment which has such potential for saving lives.
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PMID:Oral therapy of infant diarrhoea. 7 26

Utilizing the direct and indirect fluorescent antibody procedure, the antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) to 7 other human and animal coronaviruses was studied. FIPV was found to be closely related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) of swine. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus and FIPV were in turn antigenically related to human coronavirus 229E (HCV-229E) and canine coronavirus (CCV). An interesting finding in the study was that the 8 coronaviruses selected for this study fell into one of two antigenically distinct groups. Viruses in each group were antigenically related to each other to varying degrees, but were antigenically unrelated to coronaviruses of the second group. The first antigenically related group was comprised of mouse hepatitis virus, type 3 (MHV-3), hemeagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus 67N (HEV-67N) of swine, calf diarrhea coronavirus (CDCV), and human coronavirus 0C43 (HCV-OC43). The second antigenically related group was comprised of FIPV, TGEV, HCV-229E and CCV.
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PMID:Antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus to coronaviruses of other species. 8 Oct 44

Coronavirus-like particles were detected by electron microscopy in the intestinal contents of pigs during a diarrhea outbreak on 4 swine breeding farms. Diarrhea was reproduced in experimental pigs with one of the isolates, designated CV777, which was found to be distinct from the 2 known porcine coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus.
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PMID:A new coronavirus-like particle associated with diarrhea in swine. 8 32

An 8 month old infant, who died of severe gastroenteritis, presented a degeneration of the cerebellar cortex involving cells arising from the outer granular layer as well as Purkinje and Golgi II cells. Residual Purkinje cells showed vacuolar change of the cell body and dendritic abnormalities. Related lesions were atrophy of the inferior olives and degeneration of the mossy fibers.
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PMID:Early degeneration of the cerebellar cortex, particularly the granular cells. 8 61

46 children (26 boys and 20 girls) admitted with mild acute gastroenteritis were randomly allocated to a regimen of continuing on full-strength milk, or to one of taking clear fluids until the diarrhoea settled before full-strength milk was reintroduced either immediately, or gradually in quarter-strength steps. There was no difference in length of hospital stay between the three groups.
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PMID:Gradual reintroduction of full-strength milk after acute gastroenteritis in children. 8 3

Certain adenovirus types can be replicated only to low titer in tissue cultures. Other, such as adenovirus strains associated with infantile gastroenteritis, cannot be replicated in vitro. A method which allows preparation of specific antisera has therefore been evaluated. The procedure involves coupling of group-specific antibodies against adenovirus capsid subunits to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B; reaction of crude virus suspensions with immobilized adenovirus-specific IgG; elimination of contaminating material by extensive washing using a wide pH range; and immunization with adenovirus immunogens immobilized on the beads. Efficient immunization was obtained with immunogen doses of both 50 ng and 50 microgram. The immunization procedure which has been designated affinity bead immunization (ABI) could therefore have a wide applicability in cases where the relevant immunogen constitutes a minor fraction of a crude preparation.
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PMID:Preparation of specific antisera against adenoviruses by affinity bead immunization (ABI). 8 86

During October and November, 1978, gastroenteritis developed in 17 of 24 young children aged between eight months and two years from an R.A.F. station in the U.K. The illness, in which diarrhoea was always the predominant symptom, had an incubation period of eight to ten days and lasted about a week. It seemed to be transmitted from child to child, and in all but one instance parents and older siblings remained well. Stool specimens from 14 of the affected children were examined bacteriologically and virologically, and a highly significant association was found between the presence of adenovirus particles in stools, identified by electron microscopy, and the acute stage of the illness. This evidence suggests that an adenovirus was the cause of this outbreak of gastroenteritis.
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PMID:An outbreak of gastroenteritis in young children caused by adenoviruses. 8 93

In December, 1976, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a resort camp in Colorado. Data obtained by questionnaire from 760 persons indicated that 418 (55%) had had gastroenteritis at the camp or within a week of leaving it, with peak onset within a two-day period. Symptoms included vomiting (81%), diarrhoea (65%), and fever (49%); median duration of illness was twenty-four hours. The attack-rate increased with consumption of water or ice-containing beverages. The camp water supply was found to be inadequately chlorinated and contaminated by a leaking septic tank. Although routine laboratory tests did not reveal bacterial, viral, or parasitic pathogens, immune electron microscopy detected virus-like particles in two of five diarrhoeal stool filtrates. Oral administration of one of these bacteria-free filtrates to two volunteers induced a gastrointestinal illness similar to that observed in the camp visitors.
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PMID:A waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis with secondary person-to-person spread. Association with a viral agent. 8 27

In an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in an institution for the mentally retarded at Otofuke, Hokkaido, Japan, virus-like particles were observed by electron microscopy in five of seven stool specimens from the patients. The particles had 10 rod-shaped and 10 round projections or capsomeres on the periphery, measured 35 to 40 nm in diameter, and had a buoyant density of 1.35 to 1.37 g/ml in cesium chloride. Attempts to culture these particles in tissue culture or in mouse brain were unsuccessful. Immune electron miscroscopy performed with the virus from the patients as antigen demonstrated significant serological responses in all patients examined. Antigenic similarity of the virus particles obtained from five patients was also confirmed by immune electron microscopy with the paired acute- and convalescent-phase sera of one of the patients. Furthermore, in immune electron micrsocopy these particles appeared to have no antigenic relationship to three candidate viruses for gastroenteritis so far reported: the Norwalk agent, the W agent, and the calicivirus-like particle. These results suggested the possibility that this agent, tentatively designated as the Otofuke agent, might be a new candidate virus for gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Virus-like particle, 35 to 40 nm, associated with an institutional outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in adults. 9 99


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