Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diagnostically and in regard to surveillance rather comprehensively recorded salmonellosis bear the character of a model of zoonotic diarrhoeal diseases. Whereas those serovars predominantly adapted to human beings or animal species are without any importance in this connection, such serovars with own epizootic processes in different animal species with or without causing illness are able to be transferred to human beings via foods of animal origin and to act as etiological agents of gastroenteritis. Some strains of them equipped by special properties often encoded by plasmids can be transferred from man to man, too. In GDR in 1987 S. enteritidis (34.0%), S. typhimurium (17.9%), S. manhattan (7.7%) and S. agona (7.4%) amounted to two thirds of all the salmonella isolates in connection with human enteritis. For analyzing epizootic-epidemic processes in the case of rare serovars the identity of serovars is sufficient in first approximation, in the case of frequently isolated serovars the complex typing of the concerned strains by using epidemiological laboratory methods is required.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of salmonellosis]. 269 8

Salmonella typhimurium infection was diagnosed in 186 patients aged 18-56. The clinical picture was that of gastroenteritis (73.1%), enteritis (14.0%), gastritis (6.45%), gastroenterocolitis (6.45%). Salmonellosis of moderate severity presented in 88.7% of patients, a severe course occurred in 11.3%. Concomitant disorders arose in 22.6% of cases. Immunological investigation disclosed T-lymphopenia, reduced number of multireceptor RFC, both T-helpers and T-suppressors. The levels of 0-lymphocytes and CIC were on the increase. Salmonellosis of long duration was characterized by hyperactivity of autoimmune reactions.
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PMID:[Immunologic status of patients with Salmonella infections]. 269 21

The authors describe the results of observation and clinico-laboratory examination of patients during seasonal rises of the rotavirus infection incidence in 5 districts of the Moscow region in 1984-1987. The diseases ran their courses in the form of gastroenteritis and enteritis and were marked by a great number of the grave patterns (42-46%), mainly in children of the first three years of life, by a high percentage (77.5%) of the aggravated premorbid status of patients with the grave patterns. The rotavirus nature of diarrheas was supported by the data of direct electron microscopy, ELISA, and solid-phase coagglutination test. The symptom-complex of the clinical manifestations of rotavirus infection was characterized in detail. The histologic and morphometric data pertaining to two lethal outcomes were discussed. It has been demonstrated that respiratory viral infections, primarily influenza, produced an adverse effect, promoting the formation of the severe patterns and the onset of unfavourable outcomes of rotavirus infection in children.
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PMID:[Severe form of Rotavirus infection during the period of seasonal rise of its incidence]. 278 Jan 58

A double antibody sandwich enzyme-immunoassay has been developed for detection of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. Anti-enterotoxin immunoglobulin G-alkaline phosphatase conjugates were prepared using a rapid minicolumn procedure. The assay can achieve a sensitivity of greater than or equal to 1 ng/ml with purified enterotoxin. Sensitivity for detection of cases of C. perfringens enteritis in a C. perfringens outbreak (86 individuals tested) was between 85.7 and 98.0 per cent depending upon stringency of criteria for defining positive cases. Specificity of the assay was demonstrated by the lack of positive results in 53 individuals involved in a gastroenteritis outbreak of unknown etiology.
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PMID:A double antibody sandwich enzyme-immunoassay for Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin detection in stool specimens. 286 14

The role of human enteric coronaviruses in infantile gastroenteritis is controversial. We detected coronaviruslike particles in the intestinal contents and within the epithelial cells of the ileum in a 15-month-old infant who had postmortem evidence of severe enteritis. Ultrastructural findings consistent with in vivo coronavirus replication in the human small intestine support a causative role for this agent in gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Fatal gastroenteritis associated with coronaviruslike particles. 298 29

During a 29-month period, we studied enteric infection in 70 families from a pediatric practice in suburban Washington, D.C. Fecal adenoviruses were detected in stools of 18 patients by tissue culture and electron microscopic procedures. From 6 through 11 months of age, the incidence of fecal adenoviruses associated with enteritis was seven per 100, and of confirmed enteric adenoviruses (EAds), three per 100 individuals per year. All EAds belonged to subgenus G (type 41). All three patients with EAds had diarrhea; two had vomiting and one had fever, but none required hospitalization. Ten of the 15 patients with non-EAds were younger than 2 years, and 60% had diarrhea, 40% had vomiting, and 20% had fever. Combined gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms occurred more often in those who shed non-EAds (three of 11) than in matched controls (two of 48, P = 0.04). An adenovirus was detected in approximately 6% of gastroenteritis episodes, and confirmed EAds were present in approximately 2% of episodes of gastroenteritis in children younger than 2 years of age. None of the contacts of patients with non-EAds shed such virus in their stools. None of nine family contacts of those with EAd appeared to shed adenovirus in stool. In contrast, rotavirus spread readily to exposed adults (25% of 65) and children (56% of 62) when a child in similar families had rotavirus infection.
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PMID:Fecal adenoviruses from a longitudinal study of families in metropolitan Washington, D.C.: laboratory, clinical, and epidemiologic observations. 299 30

Stool cultures of 188 children hospitalized for gastroenteritis in a two-year period (1981-1982) yielded Salmonella in 25.5%, Campylobacter in 16.0%, and Y. enterocolitica in 3.7% of cases. Rotavirus was identified in 22.3% of cases. Out of 82 lactose-positive microorganisms isolated from as many cases, three (one E. coli and two Klebsiella) produced heat-labile enterotoxin and two E. coli strains a "cytotoxic" toxin (in an HEp-2 in vitro model); two other E. coli strains possessed adhesive properties for HEp-2 cells in vitro; none revealed enteroinvasive for HEp-2 cells. Two out of 70 E. coli strains were EPEC. From stools of 643 childhood out-patients Salmonella was isolated in 9.6% of cases; Campylobacter and Y. enterocolitica in 9.0% and in 0.6% of cases respectively. Rotavirus was not looked for. Shigella strains were not isolated. Among 622 children without gastrointestinal symptoms, five (0.8%) excreted campylobacters and one (0.16%) salmonella. Children of 18-24 months of age were significantly more often infected with Campylobacter. Gross blood in feces, body temperature greater than 38 degrees C, and peripheral leukocytosis were significantly more often associated with Salmonella infection; vomiting and absence of blood in stools and of leukocytosis with rotavirus infection. Other features were not significantly associated with the etiological agent of the illness. Except for Salmonella infections, the enteritis cases did not show any pronounced seasonal pattern.
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PMID:A prospective etiological and clinical study on gastroenteritis in Italian children. 300 Apr 4

Rotaviruses were found in the study of 123 pigs and 132 fecal samples from animals with diarrhea. Employed were the method of immunofluorescence and the high concentration of virions (10(4) up to 10(9)/cm3). As high as 57.3 per cent of the fecal extracts proved positive for rotaviruses. In 14.3 per cent of the extracts a group-specific rotavirus antigen was established via the agar gel immunodiffusion, and 30.9 per cent of the intestinal cross sections were positive as demonstrated through immunofluorescence. Conditionally, the cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis are divided into two types--early and late. The first ones have been seen in sucking piglest at the age of 10-15 days, and with the growing of the epizootic wave--in 3-day-old ones, too. The second type of rotavirus gastroenteritis have been described in young pigs fifteen days after weaning, The death rate with sucking pigs was found to vary from 7 to 17 per cent, and it was 5 per cent with weaned ones. High mortality rate (82 per cent) was observed on a farm where a mixed infection with transmissive gastroenteritis was noted. The diagnosed cases of rotavirus enteritis prevailed in the cold months of the year (autumn-winter). On two farms the disease was established in the summer. The serologic examination of the blood sera of sows revealed group-specific antibodies to rotaviruses in 71 per cent of the cases. The percent of seroagents with the young sows ranged from 50 to 63.3 per cent, while with the adult ones it was 87 to 100 per cent. Discussed is the link between the low titer of natural immunity and the aspects of the epizootic process with rotavirus diarrhea.
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PMID:[Rotavirus infections in pigs]. 302 Jul 74

A cohort of 197 infants was followed up prospectively for a single rotavirus (RV) season, 1983 to 1984, to examine the effect of long-term feeding method on RV infection. The feeding classification distinguished breast vs formula milk intake over the long term, for at least 18 weeks from birth (approximately four months). During the follow-up period, relative numbers of RV particles in feces were compared by electron microscopy, and positive specimens were confirmed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There was no apparent difference in the infection rates of rotavirus enteritis in breast-fed (20%) as compared with bottle-fed (17%) infants. However, clinical manifestation of illness was milder in breast-fed infants. Among the breast-fed subjects, fecal flora identified by bacterial cultures, biochemical reaction, and gas-liquid chromatography revealed a significant growth of bifidobacteria lasting as long as the period of lactation. Colonization by this organism above the detection level of log 10(5)/mL was not observed in the feces of bottle-fed infants. These data suggest that alterations in enteric flora induced by breast-feeding may be correlates of intraluminal events, mediated by human milk, that modulate the clinical course of RV gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Modulation of rotavirus enteritis during breast-feeding. Implications on alterations in the intestinal bacterial flora. 302 Sep 66

Changes in intestinal permeability and lactose hydrolysis have been investigated in three adults and fifteen infants with acute rotaviral gastroenteritis by differential sugar absorption. The method involves chromatographic measurement of urinary lactose, lactulose and L-rhamnose excretion following combined ingestion in an iso-osmolar test solution. All patients had abnormal intestinal permeability indicated by raised urine lactulose/L-rhamnose excretion, ratio of percentages recovered in 5 h, of 0.462 (0.100-1.227) mean and range, compared with 0.027 (0.008-0.052) for healthy controls (P less than 0.001). Ten patients also had urinary lactose/lactulose excretion ratios raised above the normal range (0.014-0.41, mean 0.258) during their acute illness, indicating impaired intestinal lactose hydrolysis. Both indices had become normal 4 weeks after the acute illness, serial investigation of five patients showing that improvement was complete much earlier. Except for the short duration these changes are similar to those associated with villous atrophy in coeliac disease. The test procedure was verified with respect to intestinal lactose hydrolysis by demonstrating a linear relationship between lactose/lactulose excretion and log jejunal mucosal lactase activity by in vitro assay (R2 = 0.95) in a further group of subjects. Differential lactose/lactulose/L-rhamnose absorption provides a non-invasive and sensitive index of small intestinal integrity of value for the interpretation of prolonged or otherwise complicated enteritis and the distinction of primary secondary intestinal lactase deficiency.
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PMID:Intestinal permeability and lactose hydrolysis in human rotaviral gastroenteritis assessed simultaneously by non-invasive differential sugar permeation. 308 18


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