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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the literature an association is made between the increasing prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis in poultry products and in the isolates of patients with gastroenteritis, without sufficient evidence of a causal relationship between the increasing prevalences. A microbiological and epidemiological analysis of a food poisoning incident among 239 visitors of a restaurant by way of food specific attack rates and food specific infection rates revealed an epidemic of 70 cases of S. enteritidis enteritis. The analysis supports the causal relationship with the consumption of an infected, unhygienically prepared egg product, in this case bavaroise.
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PMID:[Bavaroise and an epidemic of Salmonella enteritidis]. 219 69

Although plants containing hydrolysable tannins can be hepatotoxic, such poisoning has not been reported in Indonesia despite the presence of these plants. In order to determine the hepatotoxic potential of Indonesian plants, goats were intoxicated experimentally with the Indonesian plant Climedia hirta (harendong), which contained 19% hydrolysable tannin. The prophylactic effect of Ca(OH)2 supplementation on the disease was also examined. Two groups of goats were fed for 28 days with grain-based pellets containing 50% harendong leaf or 50% harendong leaf + 8% Ca(OH)2. Two control groups were fed similar pellets containing 50% of the non-toxic elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) with and without 8% Ca(OH)2. Serum enzymes indicative of liver damage were monitored during the experiment and histopathological examination of selected tissues was done at the conclusion of the experiment. In goats given unsupplemented harendong pellets there was a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase from 50.2 and 20.6 U l-1 to 219.6 and 63.3 U l-1, respectively. These changes were associated with moderate to severe nuclear plemorphism, vacuolation and megalocytosis of hepatocytes and deposits of brown pigment in the Kupffer cells. There was also nephrosis of the renal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts, abomasitis and enteritis. Biochemical and histological changes were reduced significantly in the harendong + Ca(OH)2 group and virtually absent from control groups. It is concluded that hydrolysable tannins in harendong leaf are hepato- and nephrotoxic and associated with gastroenteritis, but that poisoning may be ameliorated by Ca(OH)2 supplementation.
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PMID:Prevention of hydrolysable tannin toxicity in goats fed Clidemia hirta by calcium hydroxide supplementation. 225 83

Ciprofloxacin and other related fluorinated 4-quinolones have microbiological and pharmacokinetic properties that suggest they could be useful agents in the management of typhoid fever and bacterial gastroenteritis. Initial studies confirm that this is the case. Against fully sensitive Salmonella typhi ciprofloxacin is clinically as effective as chloramphenicol or co-trimoxazole. It is also effective treatment for antibiotic-resistant strains which cause epidemic and endemic infection throughout the world. Furthermore, ciprofloxacin appears to eliminate chronic carriage of Salm. typhi more efficiently than other antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin has excellent in-vitro activity against all the bacterial pathogens that commonly cause infective diarrhoea. There are limited data concerning its use in the treatment of shigella dysentery but, in appropriate situations, ciprofloxacin is effective treatment for salmonella enteritis and is also effective in infections complicated by septicaemia and bone and liver abscesses. Ciprofloxacin appears to be of benefit in Campylobacter jejuni enteritis and is effective in the treatment of travellers' diarrhoea were enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and shigellae are most important.
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PMID:Treatment of typhoid fever and infectious diarrhoea with ciprofloxacin. 229 45

In vivo sensitivity of salmonella has been studied in 38 children with acute gastroenteritis. They were treated for 7 days with gentamicin, to which the organisms were sensitive in vitro. Stool culture remained positive in 30 of the 38 cases. The children improved on supportive and symptomatic therapy. This study shows that antibiotics have no role to play in the management of acute salmonella gastro-enteritis in children.
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PMID:Salmonella enteritis in children in Libya: role of antibiotic therapy. 242

It is the policy at the Jordan University Hospital to perform lumbar puncture on children with gastroenteritis who present with one or more of the following: age less than 1 month, convulsions, hypoactivity or marked irritability, and depressed sensorium. Review of the records of 737 children admitted with gastro-enteritis between January 1980 and October 1984 showed that lumbar puncture was performed on 351 (47.6%) children. Acute bacterial meningitis was diagnosed in only three children, two of whom had already received treatment before admission and the third had obvious meningeal signs. These findings do not justify the present policy on lumbar puncture in children with gastroenteritis and it is proposed that the procedure be reserved for children in whom abnormal CNS findings persist after initial correction of fluid and electrolyte balance or with overt signs of meningitis.
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PMID:Association of meningitis with infantile gastro-enteritis. 243 31

Of 3813 children admitted to the paediatric teaching unit in Mubarak Hospital during 1985, 716 (19%) received either therapeutic (672) or prophylactic (44) antibiotics. The indications were respiratory infections (400), urinary infections (78), septicaemia (58), meningitis (42), gastroenteritis (32), other infections (62) and prophylaxis in rheumatic fever or splenectomy (44). Penicillins were prescribed in 553 children, ampicillins being the most frequently prescribed drugs (295, 41%). Antibiotic use was assessed as unnecessary in 282 children, of whom 203 (72%) had respiratory infections. Overall mistakes were encountered in 352 cases, of which 238 (68%) were in respiratory infections and 302 (86%) involved a penicillin, single or in combination. Mistakes were also commoner with combination than with single antibiotic therapy (66% and 44%, respectively). A departmental policy for the use of antibiotics in gastro-enteritis led to their prescription in only 4% of cases. A written justification for cefotaxime reduced its use by 90%. The lack of similar policies for antibiotic use in respiratory infections leads to high rates of antibiotic use and misuse, probably world-wide.
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PMID:Antibiotic misuse in a paediatric teaching department in Kuwait. 246 Nov 48

A double-antibody ELISA for the detection of coronaviruses in intestinal contents from turkey poults with diarrhea was developed. Antibodies were raised in rabbits and guinea pigs against a Minnesota isolate of turkey enteric coronavirus (TCV) propagated in embryonating turkey eggs and were purified by density-gradient centrifugation. The specificity of antisera was confirmed by hemagglutination-inhibition and immunoelectron microscopy. Absorption of anti-TCV hyperimmune sera with egg extracts or egg ovalbumin and the use of different dilution and blocking buffers influenced the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA. Reciprocal cross-reactivity was detected among turkey, chicken, bovine, and murine coronaviruses. Antisera to the transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine, the rabbit enteric coronavirus, or the human coronavirus strain 299E failed to react with TCV. The TCV cross-reacted only moderately with the avian infectious bronchitis virus and the hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus of swine. Investigations with samples from 47 commercial turkey flocks in Quebec with episodes of transmissible enteritis revealed that the ELISA was more sensitive than was electron microscopy for detection of TCV.
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PMID:Detection of turkey enteric coronavirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and differentiation from other coronaviruses. 254 41

We present the preliminary results of a prospective study of childhood gastroenteritis associated with enteric adenovirus (AE-40 and AE-41). In a period of five months we have studied 499 children with enteritis; 9 (1.8%) were positive for enteric adenoviruses (latex agglutination). The mean age of the children was 16.2 months (extreme ages 10 days and 5 years). The mean duration of diarrhoea was 2.8 days with 4-5 times daily. Respiratory symptoms were present in 44.4% of the patients and one patient was infected simultaneously with Campylobacter jejuni. All clinical syndromes were self-limiting and were treated with diet and rehydration.
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PMID:[Gastroenteritis caused by enteric adenovirus serotypes 40 and 41. Preliminary study]. 255 84

This article contains a general overview of cultural perceptions of diarrhoeal disease amongst infants as expressed by Tswana-speaking urbanites. Attention is mainly given to the perception of gastro-enteritis. The research on which this article is based was concluded during 1984. The article indicates that a majority of respondents maintains the view that aetiologically it is possible to distinguish between three categories of illness, viz. illness of sorcery, illness of the shades or ancestors and "natural" illness or illness that "just happens". Within this general aetiological frame, serious diarrhoeal disease of infants is usually seen as sorcery related. Contact of infants with people regarded as ritually polluted is seen as a major causal agency. It is conceptualised as infants being "stepped upon" by "tracks". It causes an illness known as "phogwane", which can be interpreted as "sunken fontanelle". The concept "kokwana", which can be interpreted as "intestinal snake", is however also used to indicate serious diarrhoeal illness. In the case of "kokwana" it is said that the snake, "sent" to the child through witchcraft, "eats" the child's food and the child itself. Although many of the respondents were in doubt, the majority were of the opinion that Western doctors do not really understand the treatment of these dangerous illnesses. The author believes that nursing practitioners who are involved in health education services should take note of these popular conceptions of gastroenteritis. Knowledge of these views should be used during education session in a meaningful way, to tactfully dissipate "misconceptions".
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PMID:[Aspects of the popular attitude about diarrhea among Tswana-speaking urbanites]. 263 96

Advanced knowledge of the epizootiology of parasitic gastroenteritis and the introduction of new anthelmintics and new application systems allow new strategies to control parasites of cattle on pastures. Ideally, parasitic gastro-enteritis is prevented by evasive grazing, i.e. the animals are driven every two weeks to new and not yet contaminated pastures, and the application of anthelmintics is not necessary. Midsummer treatment is most effective when combined with a move to non-contaminated pastures (Weybridge dose and move system). Following the introduction of the slow-release-devices, the prophylaxis of parasitic gastro-enteritis became much easier. The device, which is usually called bolus, is administered before turnout and it results in an effective reduction of the infection risk throughout the grazing season. Treatment following 3, 6 and 9 weeks after turnout prevents the development of dangerous numbers of infective larvae on the pasture in the second half of the grazing season. This system is known as Glasgow model. The pulse-release boluses follow the same principle and they offer the advantage of application at turnout and of releasing the anthelmintic in full doses at intervals. Treatment at the beginning of housing is only necessary when measures to prevent parasitic gastro-enteritis during the grazing season were not sufficient. All strategic measures reduce the risk of lung worm disease, but they do not prevent lung worm infection completely. On farms with a high lung worm pressure, additional control measures may be necessary. In areas with high risk of liver fluke infection, treatment in July may reduce pasture contamination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[New anthelmintics and new treatment systems for the control of parasitic diseases of cattle in pastures]. 267 79


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