Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Citrobacter species are motile Gram-negative bacilli that cause disease in humans, such as urinary tract infection, pneumonia, superficial and deep wound infections, gastroenteritis, meningitis, bacteremia, and rarely endocarditis. In those cases of endocarditis, intravenous drug use has been associated with Citrobacter species. Gram-negative organisms are present in less than 10% of cases of endocarditis in intravenous drug users. We present a case of tricuspid valve endocarditis in an intravenous drug user caused by Citrobacter diversus alone.
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PMID:Citrobacter diversus endocarditis. 1114 56

Motile aeromonads, which have been implicated as causative agents of human gastroenteritis, meningitis. endocarditis and osteomyelitis, were isolated from fish, pasteurized and flavored milk and ice creams. Forty-five isolates of Aeromonas from diarrheic children (100) and 285 food samples comprising of fish (100), milk (85) and ice creams (100) were identified as A. hydrophila (21), A. sobria (16) and A. caviae (8). Five of these 45 isolates of Aeromonoas (3 A. sobria, 2 A. hydrophila) were from fecal samples of diarrheic children under five years of age. Twenty-six of these 45 isolates were found to be enterotoxin producing by ligated rabbit ileum loop technique. Isolation of enterotoxigenic motile aeromonads from food as well as diarrheic children have great public health significance which will be further discussed.
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PMID:Prevalence of enterotoxigenic motile aeromonads in children, fish, milk and ice-cream and their public health significance. 1141 46

Ciguatera poisoning, a toxinological syndrome comprising an enigmatic mixture of gastrointestinal, neurocutaneous and constitutional symptoms, is a common food-borne illness related to contaminated fish consumption. As many as 50000 cases worldwide are reported annually, and the condition is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the Pacific Basin, Indian Ocean and Caribbean. Isolated outbreaks occur sporadically but with increasing frequency in temperate areas such as Europe and North America. Increase in travel between temperate countries and endemic areas and importation of susceptible fish has led to its encroachment into regions of the world where ciguatera has previously been rarely encountered. In the developed world, ciguatera poses a public health threat due to delayed or missed diagnosis. Ciguatera is frequently encountered in Australia. Sporadic cases are often misdiagnosed or not medically attended to, leading to persistent or recurrent debilitating symptoms lasting months to years. Without treatment, distinctive neurologic symptoms persist, occasionally being mistaken for multiple sclerosis. Constitutional symptoms may be misdiagnosed as chronic fatigue syndrome. A common source outbreak is easier to recognize and therefore notify to public health organizations. We present a case series of four adult tourists who developed ciguatera poisoning after consuming contaminated fish in Vanuatu. All responded well to intravenous mannitol. This is in contrast to a fifth patient who developed symptoms suggestive of ciguatoxicity in the same week as the index cases but actually had staphylococcal endocarditis with bacteraemia. In addition to a lack of response to mannitol, clinical and laboratory indices of sepsis were present in this patient. Apart from ciguatera, acute gastroenteritis followed by neurological symptoms may be due to paralytic or neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, scombroid and pufferfish toxicity, botulism, enterovirus 71, toxidromes and bacteraemia. Clinical aspects of ciguatera toxicity, its pathophysiology, diagnostic difficulties and epidemiology are discussed.
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PMID:Ciguatera poisoning: a global issue with common management problems. 1178 97

Listeria monocytogenes is an uncommon cause of illness in the general population. However, this bacterium is an important cause of severe infections in neonates, pregnant women, the elderly, transplant recipients and other patients with impaired cell-mediated immunity. Various clinical syndromes due to L. monocytogenes have been described such as sepsis, central nervous system infections, endocarditis, gastroenteritis and localized infections. A review of the clinical presentation of listeriosis is given in this paper.
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PMID:Listeriosis: clinical presentation. 1264 33

Over the last three decades, the literature pointed out the implications of Aeromonas species in human pathology. These species were described as being involved in intestinal (several outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis of choleric/dysenteric form or chronic diarrhoea, ulcerative colitis, etc.) in normal adults or children, as well as in extraintestinal infections in immunocompromised hosts. This last aspect included a large range of cutaneous injuries (micronecrosis, abscesses, bums, cellulites, furunculosis), joint, bones, respiratory, urinary tract, ocular infections up to meningitis, endocarditis, peritonitis, hepatobilliary disease, endotoxic shock and septicemia (as consequence of leech microvascular surgery). During the last decade, the literature reported a high mortality in Aeromonas infections determined by certain phenospecies (A. hydrophila and A. veronii) especially in extraintestinal infections in immunocompromised patients. In microbiologists' opinion this high rate of mortality was probably due to poor knowledge concerning the aspects of antibioresistance in Aeromonas strains, to empiric treatments with antibiotics to which these bacteria exhibiting constitutive resistance lead to insuccessful results, and at last to the increasing trend of aeromonads resistance to certain antibiotics after 1996. The literature mentioned also that for a great number of Beta-lactamase producing Aeromonas strains, the use of microdilution method (by comparison to disk diffusion in agar medium) giving false results made more difficult the true knowledge of Aeromonas antibioresistance patterns. At the same time, in 2002, the literature mentioned 4 ecological compartments considered as "reservoirs for dissemination and transfer of microbial antibioresistance i.e. humans, animals, plants and natural soil and water. In the last time, more and more data of the literature revealed that some bacteria with role of reservoir of antibioresistance in the natural environment, even without a direct medical impact, however they could play an indirect one remaining permanent sources of R genes for bacterial strains with pathogenic abilities implicated in human pathology (i.e. Aeromonas infections in man related to different professional activities such as fishing, surfing, swimming, diving, etc.). The purpose of this work was to determine the aspects related to constitutive and acquired antibioresistance in 35 A. hydrophila strains isolated in aquatic environment of Danube Delta (10 salmaster waters, 5 aquatic plants, 5 fish intestinal content, 5 fish sapling, 5 snake and oyster shells). The strains were biochemically identified by using API20E and API20NE kits. The antibioresistance spectrum was determined by disk diffusion method following NCCLS 2000 recommendations. The choice and disposal of antibiotics on the Mueller Hinton plate was done to allow the interpretive reading and the phenotypic detection of different antibioresistance mechanisms, as follows: beta-lactamases (PEN, ME, AMX, AMC, CAZ) and carbapenemase (IMP) production; porin deficiency (FOX); efflux mechanism (C, TE, NOR). All tested strains exhibited high resistance to penicillin, aspect pleading for constitutive penicillinase production in Aeromonas strains. With reference to other penicillins (ME, AMX, AMC) and cephalosporins (CAZ, FOX) the tested strains exhibited 2 different antibioresistance patterns: AMX-R, AMC-S, CAZ-S (65%) indicating the presence of beta-lactamase sensitive to inhibitors and AMX-R, AMC-R, CAZ-S (22%) indicating the presence of beta-lactamase resistant to inhibitors. Resistance to FOX in 8% of strains signifies a phenotypical marker for the presence of porin deficiency. Only one Aeromonas strain (2.8%) was resistant to IMP. Three strains (8%) were simultaneous resistant to TE and TMP/SMX, NOR and CHL probably due to the presence of a resistance plasmid (codifying an efflux/ enzymatic mechanism). These aspects are pleading for the necessity to investigate the bacterial antibioresistance patterns of bacterial strains isolated from the environment, in the purpose to identify the factors responsible for the spreading of certain antibioresistance mechanisms in the external medium as risk factors for the colonization process with possible impact upon the human pathology.
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PMID:Aspects of constitutive and acquired antibioresistance in Aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from water sources. 1600 42

Edwardsiella tarda, a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, is a Gram-negative bacillus that is most often pathogenic in aquatic environments. Human infections with Edwardsiella are rare, with most occurring in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed hosts. Reported infections include meningitis, cholecystitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, soft tissue infections, bacteremia and septicemia, dysentery, and gastroenteritis. This report describes a case of E. tarda gastroenteritis in a renal transplant patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment options pertaining to E. tarda infections are examined.
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PMID:Gastroenteritis caused by Edwardsiella tarda in a pediatric renal transplant recipient. 1808 38

A five-year-old boy with a structurally normal heart and recent history of adenotomy and gastroenteritis presented with Staphylococcus aureus pancarditis including endocarditis of the tricuspid valve and abscess of the ventricular septum. Surgical treatment consisted of debridement of the valvar vegetations and of the septal abscess. A seven-day continuous mediastinal irrigation with iodine solution was conducted to eliminate local infection sites as well as to prevent from constrictive pericarditis. The patient recovered uneventfully and is in excellent clinical condition with no residues one year after surgery.
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PMID:Pancarditis in a five-year-old boy affecting tricuspid valve and ventricular septum. 1875 97

Edwardsiella tarda, a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae found in aquatic environments, is an unusual cause of human disease, presenting most frequently as gastroenteritis. Extraintestinal manifestations of E. tarda infection are rare but have included meningitis, cholecystitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, soft tissue infections, bacteremia, and septicemia. Over a 10-year period at our institution, 10 cases of extraintestinal infection related to E. tarda were identified. The infections ranged from soft tissue infections secondary to trauma to intra-abdominal infections with abscess formation. Several of the patients had documented factors predisposing them to infection including diabetes mellitus and C1 esterase deficiency. Interestingly, two of the patients had chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, and one patient developed a respiratory tract infection related to E. tarda, a previously unreported clinical manifestion. Although the mortality rate for extraintestinal E. tarda infections has been as high as 50% in some studies, antimicrobial treatment was eventually successful in each of the 10 cases at our institution.
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PMID:Extraintestinal manifestations of Edwardsiella tarda infection: a 10-year retrospective review. 1948 91

Non-typhoid Salmonellae (NTS) commonly cause gastroenteritis but are rarely found pathogens in prosthetic heart valve endocarditis. The details of two patients from the authors' institution and 15 published cases are reviewed in terms of their risk factors, clinical findings and outcomes. Only two of eight patients with paravalvular leakage or abscess--the most serious local complications--survived, both with surgery. It appears that NTS bacteremia in patients with prosthetic valves and concomitant risk factors should be treated early with high-dose antimicrobials for up to six weeks in order to minimize the risk of endocarditis.
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PMID:Non-typhoid Salmonellae and prosthetic valve endocarditis: more than a rare coincidence? A review of the literature. 1985 44

Edwardsiella tarda is very seldom a cause for gastroenteritis in humans. This organism can also cause extraintestinal infections, such as soft tissue infections, meningitis, peritonitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis and hepatobiliary tract disease, particularly in the setting of compromised immunity. We describe, for the first time a case of E. tarda sepsis with multiple liver abscesses associated with Cushing's syndrome as a result of recreational aquatic exposure.
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PMID:Edwardsiella tarda sepsis with multiple liver abscesses in a patient with Cushing's syndrome. 2288 7


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