Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tabulation of monthly reports of infectious diseases from 19 countries and territories in the South and Central Pacific for the years 1973 through 1975 indicated that influenza-like illness, dengue, dysentery, measles, and gonorrhoea were the greatest problems. Reports of the leading causes of hospitalisation from 11 areas indicated that infectious respiratory disease, gastroenteritis and accidents were the most common problems requiring hospitalisation in most Pacific countries. The leading causes of death showed a different pattern with striking differences between traditional and modernised areas. It appeared that the major causes of death were changing from infectious diseases in the traditional areas to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer in the modernised areas.
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PMID:Current health problems in the South and Central Pacific. 27 17

In December 1978, an unexpected outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred in a shoe factory. The clinical, epidemiological and laboratory investigations established the hydric origin of the dysentery due to Shigella flexneri 3 a, caused by the illicit communication of the drinking water and industrial water mains. The antiepidemic measures promptly taken arrested the outbreak in three days ; there were no secondary, contact cases.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the outbreak and control of an epidemic of bacillary dysentery of hydric origin]. 39 70

A study was made of 239 strains of enteropathogenic escherichia 0151:K-- isolated in various regions of the USSR from patients with the clinical diagnosis of dysentery, gastroenteritis, intestinal coli-infection: a standard strain of the international collection of escherichia belonging to the given serological group was also studied. There was shown an increase in the role of these microorganisms among the enteropathogenic escherichia recorded at the territory of the USSR; they occupied the third place by the frequency of isolation after the serological group 0124:K72 and 0111:K58. There was established a common nature of the enzymatic characteristics of escherichia 0151:K--with shigellae by the absence of lactose, sucrose, inosite, adonite fermentation, the presence of gasless, immobile variants containing no lysin decarboxylase, and a possibility of rapid differentiation from shigellae in the use of acetate medium. Among the escherichia 0151:K--there was revealed the presence of 5 biotypes by the capacity to gas-formation in glucose, arabinose, sorbit, dulcit fermentation, and decarboxylation of lysin and ornithin; three biotypes are described for the first time. Industrial issue of the agglutinating serum 0151:K--is necessary to provide the diagnosis of these microorganisms at the territory of the USSR.
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PMID:[Biological characteristics of enteropathogenic escherichia of serologic group 015:K]. 79 86

A study of the incidence of bacteria of the Citrobacter and Hafnia genus in adults permitted to establish a greater occurrence of the mentioned microbes in the patients with various acute intestinal diseases in comparison with the healthy ones. Bacteria of the Citrobacter and Hafnia genus were revealed in the patients with acute intestinal diseases of obscure etiology, which often were diagnosed as gastroenteritis, enteritis, etc. Bacteria of the Citrobacter and Hafnia genus were revealed in the dysentery patients. Results of studies carried out among various healthy groups of the population indicated no significant differences in respect to the carrier state of the Citrobacter and Hafnia bacteria both within each of the groups of the persons examined and between them. Further studies directed to the investigation of the etiological role of bacteria of the Citrobacter and Hafnia genus in the pathology of enteric disturbances are necessary.
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PMID:[Frequency of detecting bacteria of the genera Citrobacter and Hafnia in different contingents of examined adults]. 123 18

The spectrum and outcome of acute renal failure (ARF) were studied in 205 children aged between 1 month and 12 yr. There were 145 boys and 60 girls; 23 per cent were below 1 yr and 49 per cent between 1 and 4 yr. The main causes of ARF were haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in 36 per cent, serious infections in 19 per cent, acute gastroenteritis and dysentery in 17 per cent, glomerulonephritis (GN) in 13 per cent and intravascular haemolysis (IVH) in 6 per cent. Most patients with HUS, serious infections and gastroenteritis were below 5 yr, whereas GN and IVH occurred in older children. HUS was mostly associated with dysentery; Shigella and several other pathogens were isolated from stools in 35 per cent. In most patients with HUS disseminated intravascular coagulation and renal cortical necrosis were present, with a high mortality. The outcome was also poor in infants with serious infections. IVH occurred in patients with G-6-PD deficiency. In such patients and in those with post-streptococcal GN the prognosis was good. Crescentic GN had a poor outcome. Our observations highlight the common and serious nature of ARF in India. However, most of the underlying causes are preventable.
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PMID:Acute renal failure in north Indian children. 207 54

Ciprofloxacin and other related fluorinated 4-quinolones have microbiological and pharmacokinetic properties that suggest they could be useful agents in the management of typhoid fever and bacterial gastroenteritis. Initial studies confirm that this is the case. Against fully sensitive Salmonella typhi ciprofloxacin is clinically as effective as chloramphenicol or co-trimoxazole. It is also effective treatment for antibiotic-resistant strains which cause epidemic and endemic infection throughout the world. Furthermore, ciprofloxacin appears to eliminate chronic carriage of Salm. typhi more efficiently than other antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin has excellent in-vitro activity against all the bacterial pathogens that commonly cause infective diarrhoea. There are limited data concerning its use in the treatment of shigella dysentery but, in appropriate situations, ciprofloxacin is effective treatment for salmonella enteritis and is also effective in infections complicated by septicaemia and bone and liver abscesses. Ciprofloxacin appears to be of benefit in Campylobacter jejuni enteritis and is effective in the treatment of travellers' diarrhoea were enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and shigellae are most important.
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PMID:Treatment of typhoid fever and infectious diarrhoea with ciprofloxacin. 229 45

A retrospective survey was carried out on adult medical admissions to Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi during the period January to December 1986, and results compared with those obtained in Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre in 1973. There were 4700 admissions which was more than twice the number seen in Blantyre. However, the age distribution, the pattern of disease and the overall hospital mortality were similar. Infections (malaria, pneumonia, tuberculosis, gastroenteritis/dysentery and meningitis) were the most common cause of admission, and the major causes of death were still tuberculosis, pneumonia and meningitis. Smoking related diseases were uncommon, and there was no documented case of ischaemic heart disease. The reasons for the importance of periodic surveys, such as the present study, are discussed.
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PMID:Medical admissions to Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi in 1986: comparison with admissions to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre in 1973. 229 37

The level of excretion of free amino acids and lipids in the stool was determined in children of young age with a severe course of acute intestinal infections (dysentery, salmonellosis, acute gastroenteritis and gastroenterocolitis of unknown etiology). The study has shown that excretion of free amino acids in the stool at the height of the disease considerably exceeds that in healthy children. Normalization of these disorders during convalescence is much behind clinical convalescence.
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PMID:[The level of fecal excretion of free amino acids and lipids in children with acute intestinal infections]. 323 85

The study of enterotoxins began in earnest approximately 30 years ago with characterization of the cholera toxin. So far, more enterotoxins have been associated with Gram-negative rather than Gram-positive bacteria. These substances can be roughly divided into the cytotonic variety, which primarily interfere with intestinal cell metabolism, and those which are cytotoxic, responsible for cell destruction. Most cytotonic enterotoxins activate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) producing watery diarrhea, resulting from fluid and electrolyte flux. This typically results after binding to a toxin-specific receptor site on the small intestinal epithelium. Cytotoxic enterotoxins may interfere with protein synthesis in cells of the colonic epithelium and cause bloody, sometimes fatal dysentery. As more enterotoxins are discovered, it is becoming apparent that such variables as anatomic site and mode of action may not, in fact, be definitive criteria for classifying these substances. As a result, no universally acceptable classification scheme has yet been devised. Moreover, the biochemical and physiological characteristics of many enterotoxins and their role in gastroenteritis and other disorders remain speculative.
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PMID:Review of selected bacterial enterotoxins and their role in gastroenteritis. 328 66

A study of morbidity patterns in a new paediatric hospital in Juba, Sudan, showed malaria, gastroenteritis, pneumonia, dysentery and infections of the eye, ear, and skin to be the commonest conditions. During the entire period of the study, these conditions constituted more than 90% of the outpatient load. In a group of inpatients interviewed, immunization coverage was 22%, 46% of the mothers had been enrolled in school at some time, and only 17% of the families had a latrine at home. The mean number of living children per family was four and of those not surviving was two. These findings are related to an inadequate environment, lack of public health information, and low socioeconomic status. Immediate and long-term strategies are necessary to provide safe water, adequate latrines, better immunization coverage, income-generating practices, increase in female education, and general health education of females, children and youth.
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PMID:Morbidity patterns in a new paediatric hospital in Juba, Sudan. 373 97


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