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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sewage treatment plant effluents were surveyed for viral contributions to gastroenteritis outbreaks in Puerto Rico. Of the 15 sewage treatment plants studied, all discharged their effluents upstream from water treatment plant intakes. No base-line data on the degree of viral challenge to these sewage treatment plants or the subsequent reduction of viruses before discharge existed. Enterovirus counts were generally much higher than those found in the continental United States. At four plants, viruses in the incoming sewage exceeded 100,000 PFU/liter, and one of these, a trickling filter plant, was discharging 24,000 PFU/liter to receiving waters. Virus identification showed that more than 80% of the enterovirus isolates were coxsackievirus B5. These overwhelming viral numbers pointed to defects in the sewage treatment processes. Without reasonable barriers to protect receiving waters, several of the downstream communities were using raw waters that posed extraordinary demands on the ability of their water treatment plants to supply virologically safe drinking water.
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PMID:Isolation of enterovirus and reovirus from sewage and treated effluents in selected Puerto Rican communities. 254 64

During the fall of 1979, 22/250 Swedish UN soldiers serving in Egypt were hospitalized with fever and gastroenteritis associated with aseptic meningitis. One of the 22 developed insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) 10 weeks following the infection. The majority of the 22 patients showed significant titer rise for coxsackievirus B by plaque reduction neutralization test. The serology results indicate that coxsackievirus B4 most likely caused the outbreak. All 22 were also tested for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies and islet cell surface antibodies and found negative. The individual developing diabetes mellitus had the HLA-DR phenotype 3,4, which is associated with IDDM.
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PMID:An outbreak of coxsackievirus B infection followed by one case of diabetes mellitus. 298 80

In 1963 the World Health Organization established a system for collecting and distributing information on viruses. By 1970, 93 laboratories in 33 countries were participating. The present study is an analysis of the reports on coxsackieviruses A and B and echoviruses for the 4 years 1967-70. Among the coxsackieviruses A, type 9 was reported most frequently, and the most frequently reported coxsackievirus B was type 3. Among the echoviruses, types 9, 6, and 30 were common. In the northern hemisphere the season of highest incidence for each of the three groups was June-October; in the southern hemisphere it was November-February. Most of the infections were in children and the clinical manifestations usually included aseptic meningitis, respiratory disease, skin eruptions, undifferentiated febrile illnesses, and gastroenteritis. The relative frequency of an association of a virus with a clinical syndrome differed not only between the three groups of viruses under study, but in a number of instances between the types within a group. As is well known there were a number of instances in which a specific clinical syndrome was linked to certain specific viruses-e.g., hand, foot, and mouth disease to certain types of coxsackievirus A, and myalgia (Bornholm disease) and cardiac conditions to coxsackieviruses B. There was also an apparent relation between age and symptoms-e.g., those due to the coxsackievirus B associated with Bornholm disease in persons over 15 years of age.
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PMID:Four-year study of WHO virus reports on enteroviruses other than poliovirus. 453 51

Enteroviruses were isolated from 11 of 1391 rectal swabs collected from 1103 infants aged less than 2 years who were hospitalized in Toronto, Ontario, and New Westminster, British Columbia, between April 1966 and March 1969. Viruses were recovered from 23 of 1231 rectal swabs obtained from 1076 age-matched control patients without gastroenteritis. The dominance of coxsackievirus and echovirus strains in Toronto patients with and without gastroenteritis contrasted sharply to their extremely low incidence in New Westminster where the Sabin attenuated strains of poliovirus composed the majority of isolates from both categories of patient. Although enteropathogenic bacteria were identified in 36 cases of gastroenteritis and 11 control subjects, no patient excreted a bacterial pathogen and a virus simultaneously.
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PMID:Gastroenteritis of infants in two Canadian communities. 491 Aug 92

The use of the continuous cell line CaCo-2 as an in vivo amplification system for the detection of fastidious human enteric viruses is reported. CaCo-2 cells showed an increased sensitivity to laboratory strains of group A rotavirus 3, reovirus 3, astrovirus 1, poliovirus 1, coxsackievirus A 24, enterovirus 70, and adenovirus 5, 40 and 41, when compared to a routine host cell line for each virus. Nucleic acids from wild-type infectious rotavirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus 40 in stool samples of patients with acute gastroenteritis could be amplified after infection of CaCo-2 cells with trypsin-pre-treated virus inocula. Virus diagnosis was carried out subsequently by dot-blot hybridisation with specific cDNA probes. An amplification factor between 10 and 1,000x was obtained by infection of CaCo-2 cells, thus enabling specific detection of low numbers of a wide range of enteric viruses, and the differentiation between infectious and noninfectious particles.
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PMID:Use of the colonic carcinoma cell line CaCo-2 for in vivo amplification and detection of enteric viruses. 785 76

We present a group of 18 illegal immigrant stowaways who arrived in a shipboard cargo container suffering from gastroenteritis, dehydration, and malnutrition and showing evidence of viral myocarditis in 3 of 4 fatalities. Our investigation included an evaluation of the 2-week ocean voyage, analysis of medical records and laboratory results of the survivors, autopsies on the decedents, and viral studies on their heart tissue. Of 3 stowaways who died shipboard, 2 showed lymphocytic myocarditis and 1 could not be evaluated histologically due to decomposition. A fourth stowaway died 4 months after arrival with dilated cardiomyopathy and lymphocytic myocarditis. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing of viral isolates from the decedents' heart tissues demonstrated Coxsackie virus B3 genome. We believe that these cases represent an outbreak of viral myocarditis, exacerbated by acute dehydration and malnutrition, due to confinement within the shipping container. Our evidence indicates that close confinement promoted the spread of the virus, and nutritional deprivation increased the stowaways' vulnerability. Furthermore, our observations support the conclusion, based on experimental studies, that nutritionally induced oxidative stress increased the virulence of the etiologic viral agent. In summary, these cases represent a potential infectious disease hazard of illegal immigration.
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PMID:Unexpected hazard of illegal immigration: Outbreak of viral myocarditis exacerbated by confinement and deprivation in a shipboard cargo container. 1516 61

We present the case of a young woman who suffered cardiogenic due to by Coxsackie virus B6. The patient attended a private clinic with an acute gastroenteritis and after one hour of receiving hydratation,she developed hypotension and shock, severe hypoxemia and bilateral lung infiltrate. The patient entered the Intensive Care Unit, where she received hemodynamic support. Due to the clinical picture and cardiac enzymes increase, a cardiac failure was suspected and the echocardiographic findings suggested "myocarditis". The evolution was successful and Coxsackie B6 virus infection diagnosis was made during the follow up by increase of the levels of antibodies for virus Coxsackie B6.
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PMID:[Fulminant myocarditis and acute gastroenteritis due to Coxsackie virus B6]. 2153 84

Enteric viruses are an important cause of viral food-borne disease. Shellfish, especially oysters, are well recognized as a source of food-borne diseases, and oyster-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks have on occasion become international occurrences. In this study, 286 fecal specimens from 88 oyster-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks were examined for the presence of 10 human enteric viruses using antigenic or genetic detection methods in order to determine the prevalence of these infections. All virus-positive patients were over 18 years old. The most common enteric virus in outbreaks (96.6%) and fecal specimens (68.9%) was norovirus (NoV), indicating a high prevalence of NoV infection associated with the consumption of raw or under-cooked oysters. Five other enteric viruses, aichiviruses, astroviruses, sapoviruses, enteroviruses (EVs), and rotavirus A, were detected in 30.7% of outbreaks. EV strains were characterized into three rare genotypes, coxsackievirus (CV) A1, A19, and EV76. No reports of CVA19 or EV76 have been made since 1981 in the Infectious Agents Surveillance Report by the National Infectious Diseases Surveillance Center, Japan. Their detection suggested that rare types of EVs are circulating in human populations inconspicuously and one of their transmission modes could be the consumption of contaminated oysters. Rapid identification of pathogens is important for the development of means for control and prevention. The results of the present study will be useful to establish an efficient approach for the identification of viral pathogens in oyster-associated gastroenteritis in adults.
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PMID:Detection and genetic characterization of human enteric viruses in oyster-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks between 2001 and 2012 in Osaka City, Japan. 2441 18

Viral gastroenteritis is a serious viral infection which affects a large number of individuals around the world, most of them being children. The infection may occur due to different viruses, for example, coxsackievirus, adenovirus, and rotavirus. There is no available cure for such infections, and the treatment mainly depends on hospitalization and administration of nutritional supports. A new antiviral agent against gastroenteritis viral infection will be a breakthrough in healthcare. Pyrrole and pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives are well known for their biological activity as antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer agents. These compounds also proved to possess antiviral activity. Here, we synthesized novel pyrrole and pyrrolopyrimidine compounds and examined their antiviral activity. We synthesized several new pyrrole, pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, and pyrrolo[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine derivatives. The characterization of all synthesized compounds was based on microanalysis and spectral data. Moreover, we determined the non-toxic doses of these compounds on BGM, Hep-2, and MA-104 cells. We tested all the synthesized compounds for their antiviral activities against coxsackievirus B4, adenovirus type 7, and rotavirus Wa strain. Several compounds exhibited significant activities as antiviral agents.
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PMID:Novel antiviral compounds against gastroenteric viral infections. 2570 20

We report that two young adult patients who were initiated with clozapine for severe psychosis during a hospital-wide gastroenteritis outbreak went into severe shock. Neither patient had troponin elevation. Each required left ventricular assist device support for myocarditis. Endomyocardial biopsy revealed lymphocytic myocarditis in one patient and eosinophilic myocarditis in the other. The former patient expired. Polymerase chain reaction testing was negative for Coxsackie virus. These two patients illustrate that myocarditis can occur at usual incipient doses and that there may be an epidemiologic risk associated with gastroenteritis. Although the white blood cell (WBC) count is expected to decrease with clozapine, these patients had persistently elevated WBC counts. In conclusion, physicians should exercise caution when prescribing clozapine, especially for those with diarrhea.
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PMID:Clozapine-associated cardiac dysfunction during a gastroenteritis outbreak. 2798 78


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