Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The LD(50) +/- S.E. of tannic acid given orally to albino rats was found to be 2.26+/-0.083 g. per kg. body weight, which is higher than its apparent LD(50) when given per rectum. The immediate cause of death was respiratory failure preceded by convulsions when death occurred early and by hypothermic cachexia when death was delayed. Death was associated with a progressively developing hepatic necrosis and nephritis and a temporary acute gastroenteritis. It was accompanied by loss of weight and edema in many organs, evidence of stimulation of the spleen, adrenal cortex and testes, and atrophy of the thymus. Recovery in survivors was associated with a temporary increase in weight of the spleen and testes and persistence of loss of weight in the adrenal, pyloric stomach, and skin.
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PMID:THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF TANNIC ACID ADMINISTERED INTRAGASTRICALLY. 1429 58

Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive free radical that is involved in a variety of different biological process. In recent reports, the putative role of NO in the neuropathogenesis of brain inflammation has been demonstrated. And then the relation between neuronal NO and convulsive seizures induced by virus has been suggested. However, there are few reports about NO in vivo under viral neurological infections. In order to evaluate the relation between NO production and neurological disorders induced by viral infection, sixty-six cases including 11 patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis admitted for convulsions were examined in this study. NO metabolites (NOx) levels in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid obtained from rotavirus gastroenteritis patients with convulsion were much higher than in those of patients with purulent meningitis, encephalitis, febrile convulsion or in the control group. There was a relative correlation between IL-6 and NOx in some cases. These results indicated that NO may have a pathophysiological role in convulsions associated by rotavirus infection either through indirect or direct effects of NO. Consequently, NOx inhibitors might be helpful for the treatment of rotavirus encephalopathy.
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PMID:Serum and cerebrospinal fluid nitrite/nitrate levels in patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis induced convulsion. 1470 70

The aim of this study was to clarify the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs during a cluster of seizures in patients with convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG). We retrospectively investigated the details of antiepileptic treatment in 110 consecutive episodes in 103 patients with CwG. The temporal course of the seizures and the use of antiepileptic drugs were investigated in each episode. Drugs were judged as effective when seizure cessation was achieved after administration of the drug. As the first drug, diazepam (DZP)/bromazepam (BZP) was effective in 38%, phenobarbital (PB) in 40%, and lidocaine (LD) in 100%. As the second drug, DZP/BZP was effective in 42%, PB in 69%, and LD in 100%. As the third drug, PB was effective in 70%. When the efficacy of the first doses of PB and LD were compared, the efficacy rate was significantly higher for LD than for PB (P = 0.047). In conclusion, LD was effective for the cessation of seizures in patients with CwG.
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PMID:Efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in patients with benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis. 1503 Sep 4

Stroke in pediatric patients is distinctive as compare to adults. The authors report a rare case of familial hypertriglyceridemia type IV who had left hemiparesis with cerebellar signs. There was no history of oral trauma, head injury, convulsions, acute gastroenteritis, meningitis or otitis media.
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PMID:Familial type IV hypertriglyceridemia presenting as hemiparesis with cerebellar signs. 1510 18

The aim of this study was to clarify the efficacy and safety of lidocaine tape therapy (LDT) in patients with convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG). Twenty-one consecutive episodes of CwG were treated with LDT therapy. The dose of LDT was 36 mg in patients with body weights of <15 kg, 54 mg in those with body weights between 15 and 20 kg, and 72 mg in those with body weights of >20 kg. LDT was attached on the back of each patient every 12 h. Application of LDT was continued for 48 h. The serum levels of lidocaine (LD) were measured 4 h after the first attachment of LDT. The seizures completely ceased in 13 episodes (62%) after the application of LDT, while a recurrence of seizures was observed in the other 8 episodes. Drip infusion of LD was performed in 4 of these 8 episodes. The serum LD levels were only measurable in 6 infants (average, 0.4 microg/ml; range, 0.2-0.5 microg/ml). In the other patients, the serum LD levels were below the lower limit of measurement. Adverse effects of LDT were not observed in any patients. LDT therapy was safe and effective in patients with CwG.
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PMID:A pilot study on lidocaine tape therapy for convulsions with mild gastroenteritis. 1553 54

We investigated the effect of carbamazepine on convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis. Sixteen infants and young children (aged 9 months to 3 years) who experienced repetitive convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis were admitted to our hospital. We treated the sixteen affected patients with 5 mg/kg of carbamazepine once per day until the diarrhea had stopped. Thirteen of the sixteen patients were subjected to intravenous and/or suppository administration of diazepam (0.3-0.5 mg/kg/time), and one patient suppository administration of 0.5 mg/kg diazepam and 5.7 mg/kg phenobarbital before the administration of carbamazepine. In all patients who were given diazepam and/or phenobarbital, the convulsions recurred after the administration of these medicines. The convulsions occurred 2 to 8 times (mean, 4.1 times) before the administration of carbamazepine. Fifteen of the sixteen patients had no seizures after the administration of carbamazepine. One patient had one convulsion 15 min after the administration of carbamazepine. All patients were treated with 5 mg/kg of carbamazepine once per day until the diarrhea had stopped, i.e. for 2 to 9 days (mean, 6.4 days). Low dose therapy with carbamazepine once per day is thus effective for convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis.
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PMID:[Low-dose therapy with carbamazepine for convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis]. 1629 53

Benign infantile convulsions (BIC) are characterized by: (1) onset at up to 2 years of age, (2) normal development, (3) mostly brief, often clustered convulsions, and (4) normal electroencephalography during the interictal stage. BIC follow a favorable course and disappear before 2-3 years of age, although convulsions for which diazepam is ineffective frequently develop. We treated 15 children (3-16 months of age) diagnosed as having BIC, excluding convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis, with a once-daily dose of 5mg/kg of carbamazepine until up to 2 or 3 years of age. The serum concentration of carbamazepine was as low as below the effective range in six patients, but the treatment was dramatically effective in all the BIC children. Seizures did not recur in any patients during oral administration of carbamazepine. The treatment was finished in 12 patients at age 2 years, two at age 3 years, and one at 16 months-old. Therefore, we recommend the administration of a once-daily dose of 5mg/kg of carbamazepine until up to 2 or 3 years of age as a treatment for BIC.
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PMID:Low-dose carbamazepine therapy for benign infantile convulsions. 1631 May 89

Febrile seizures appearing during acute gastroenteritis have been described in japanese populations. These convulsions are not related to clinical signs of dehydration or electrolyte disorder. This entity was called CwG, benign Convulsions with mild Gastroenteritis. We report the case of a 19 month-old japanese boy who presented with a CwG. We described the characteristic clinical features of this entity and we reviewed the cases reported in literature. The evolution of the CwG is always simple without relapse or side effects. Better understanding will help pediatricians make more accurate diagnosis and avoid treatment even though initial signs might be severe.
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PMID:[Afebrile seizures in gastroenteritis: a Japanese peculiarity]. 1644 87

The authors present Japanese siblings of a 6-year-old girl and a 4-year-old boy, who concurrently experienced convulsions with mild gastroenteritis. These siblings, their father and paternal grandfather had afebrile seizures that intermittently occurred without symptoms of gastroenteritis and terminated within a few days at their infancy. An underlying genetic factor might not only cause benign familial infantile seizures but it might also confer the susceptibility to the convulsions with mild gastroenteritis in these siblings.
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PMID:Benign convulsion with mild gastroenteritis and benign familial infantile seizure. 1647 1

The aim of this study is to reveal detailed clinical manifestations and an evolution of ictal EEG discharges of convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG). We recorded ictal EEGs of six patients with CwG. Clinical manifestations included loss of responsiveness, motion arrest, cyanosis, lateral eye deviation, and hemifacial convulsion. Automatism was not observed in any patients. A generalized tonic-clonic convulsion was observed in five of six patients. Ictal EEGs demonstrated that all seizures were of focal onset that evolved into a secondarily generalized seizure. The region of the onset of ictal discharge was the occipital area in three patients, parietal in one, central in one, and frontal in one, respectively. The seizure of patients with CwG is likely to be a partial seizure with secondary generalization.
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PMID:Ictal EEG in patients with convulsions with mild gastroenteritis. 1691 10


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