Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The development of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) capable of serotyping human rotavirus (HRV) in faecal extracts has enabled us to retrospectively study the epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Melbourne. Of 552 stored specimens obtained from individuals with rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis between 1975 and 1986, the serotype could be determined in 62%. Infection was most prevalent in two groups, neonates and children aged between 12 and 24 months. In these groups infection was due to different serotypes, type 1 in older children and an untypable virus in infants. Serotype 1 strains were detected in greater numbers than the other serotypes and circulated in each year of the study. Serotype 2 rotaviruses were associated with a large epidemic in 1978, but have been detected only rarely since.
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PMID:Use of serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies to study the epidemiology of rotavirus infection. 282 32

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is caused by one of several strains of feline coronaviruses which are grouped into 2 general types of viruses. Infection of cats with FIP virus results in production of serum antibodies which may be protective in conjunction with cell mediated immunity, may provided no protection at all, or may produce an immune enhancement to subsequent exposure to another FIP virus or a recrudescence of the original infecting virus. Attempts at immunization of cats against FIP with inactivated or live FIP viruses have been generally unsuccessful, and often sensitizing the cat through immune enhancement rather than providing protection. Heterologous live virus vaccines using viruses of the same antigenic cluster (transmissible gastroenteritis of swine, canine coronavirus, and human coronavirus 229E) have failed to provide protection against FIP virus. Further research into the exact mechanism of protection and immune enhancement is needed in order to understand ways of producing an effective and safe vaccine.
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PMID:Immunization against feline coronaviruses. 282 70

Rotavirus is a common cause of diarrhoea both in the community and in the hospital. Because of this, it may be difficult to determine whether crossinfection has occurred in the hospital, an important finding as review of hygienic techniques and ward closure may be indicated. We therefore investigated the use of Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of the rotavirus RNA genome as a means of distinguishing between rotavirus strains in order to assess its role in the evaluation of apparent hospital-acquired rotavirus diarrhoea. Suspected examples of hospital-acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis were studied on an infectious diseases ward and a general infant ward. PAGE analysis demonstrated that crossinfection had not occurred on the infectious diseases ward, even though this was indicated clinically; a single source outbreak involving 11 patients was confirmed on the general infant ward, as all cases showed an identical rotavirus electropherotype. Following ward closure an endemic rotavirus electropherotype was detected, which affected 17 patients over a 3-month period. Electrophoresis of rotavirus RNA is a useful and practical technique in the analysis of hospital-acquired gastroenteritis and can indicate appropriate clinical action.
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PMID:Investigation of hospital-acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis using RNA electrophoresis. 284 35

We tested by electron microscopy 7,530 samples from children admitted to different hospitals in Sofia between February 1981 and February 1986; from these, rotaviruses were found in 725 (9.6%) faecal samples. Electron microscopic analysis of 264 samples from 181 children admitted to the hospital of infectious diseases in Shumen between December 1984 to February 1986 revealed rotaviruses in 120 (66.6%) of the tested children. A part of the samples positive by electron microscopy was tested by ELISA and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for rotavirus RNA segment patterns. Rotaviruses with eight different electropherotypes were found in Bulgaria. The seasonal culmination of the rotavirus gastroenteritis in the winter months has been confirmed. Rotavirus antibodies were found in 73% of the sera from 152 children tested.
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PMID:Five year study of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Bulgaria. 290 35

As our ability to control many of the common infectious diseases has increased, attention has turned toward the less common or less severe infections. It is clear that worldwide, significant numbers of the cases of gastroenteritis in both adults and children are caused by viruses. Many of these viruses now are quite well understood and their control appears to be on the horizon. Many other etiologic agents are just being identified and will present a challenge to researchers and practitioners alike.
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PMID:Viral gastroenteritis. 304 99

By auramine and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, cryptosporidial oocysts were found in the stools of 31 (1.36%) out of 2,367 patients with diarrhoea. All specimens were also tested for Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, and Rotavirus. Among these patients, 432 were children and 24 (5.5%) of them were positive for cryptosporidia. All children infected with cryptosporidia were immunocompetent. Watery diarrhoea, vomiting and abdominal pain were the most frequent symptoms. The survey showed that in patients with gastroenteritis, cryptosporidial oocysts were found more commonly in the stools of children than in those of adults, and the prevalence of infection was the highest in August and September (16 cases). The epidemiological aspects and clinical significance are discussed.
Infection
PMID:Cryptosporidial diarrhoea in children. 343 76

Thirteen hospitalized patients with various infections, five with typhoid fever, two with gastroenteritis, four with respiratory tract infection and two with biliary tract infection, were treated with ofloxacin at a daily dosage ranging between 600 and 900 mg orally. 12 patients completely recovered from the infection, and the pathogens were eradicated. Treatment failed in one patient suffering from respiratory tract infection. No side effects were recorded. In these cases ofloxacin can be considered as a safe and effective antimicrobial agent.
Infection 1986
PMID:Clinical experience with ofloxacin (DL 8280) in the therapy of various infections: preliminary report. 354 52

Nosocomial gastroenteritis in a 315-bed hospital for children was examined prospectively from January 11 through May 31, 1985. There were 85 cases of nosocomial diarrhea during the study period, and these were identified on each of the 13 hospital wards. Rotavirus was identified in 40% of cases. Incidence of nosocomial rotavirus was highest on wards where most children were less than 2 years of age, except for the infectious diseases (isolation) ward (0.24 versus 2.30 cases per 100 admissions, p = 1.70 x 10(-4), Fisher exact test). The lower incidence on the infectious diseases ward occurred despite the greater potential for exposure to rotavirus, since 70% of children admitted with community-acquired rotavirus diarrhea were placed on the infectious diseases ward. Better infection control, especially hand washing, aided by the structure of the infectious diseases ward, may have been responsible for this difference.
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PMID:Nosocomial rotaviral diarrhea: pattern of spread on wards in a children's hospital. 369 79

The clinical features and laboratory findings of 78 cases of methyldopa fever are reported. This drug reaction masqueraded as a variety of acute infectious diseases including septicaemia, meningitis, hepatitis and gastroenteritis, occurred within five weeks of starting the drug and appeared to be unrelated to its dosage. Eosinophilia and skin rashes were conspicuous by their absence. In the majority of patients, symptoms were relieved within 48 hours of the withdrawal of the drug. Sixty-one per cent of patients had biochemical evidence of liver damage but jaundice was uncommon. This pattern of mild hepatotoxicity in patients with early febrile reactions to methyldopa contrasts with the later more serious viral hepatitis-like illness due to the drug.
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PMID:Methyldopa: an often overlooked cause of fever and transient hepatocellular dysfunction. 371 91

Cryptosporidiosis in Children. During an 11-month survey, Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in the stools of 20 of 142 children admitted with gastroenteritis. Five of these 20 patients also excreted other enteropathogens. The clinical findings in 18 children infected with cryptosporidia could be analyzed. All patients were immunocompetent. Watery diarrhea, vomiting and anorexia were the most frequent symptoms. Differences in the clinical findings were observed between children aged one to two years and older children. The older children remained ill for 4.1 days compared to 19.9 days in the younger children. The younger children also presented a history of recurrent diarrhea. Problems of etiology and therapy are discussed. Cryptosporidia should be considered as a cause of diarrhea in children.
Infection
PMID:[Cryptosporidiosis in children]. 375 46


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