Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The common infective conditions encountered at King Khalid Teaching Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were described. These data were collected mostly during a period of 8 years between 1981 to 1988. These infections included brucellosis, cholecystitis, conjunctivitis, enteric fever, gastroenteritis, infective endocarditis, meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, septicaemia, sorethroat, treponemal infections, urethritis, urinary tract infections, and vaginitis. A scheme for empiric chemotherapy has been suggested for these infections based on the sensitivity results obtained mostly from the microbiology laboratory at Teaching Hospital, Riyadh. This scheme of empiric therapy is offered as a guide only. It does not cover all possibilities and is not intended as a rigid dogma. Empiric therapy has also been suggested for some other infective conditions where sufficient data were not available from the Teaching Hospital. Empiric therapy should be started after relevant specimens are collected. Culture and sensitivity tests are invaluable in the management of patients with infectious diseases. As soon as sensitivities of the infecting organisms' are known, treatment should be adjusted accordingly. In some cases, Gram-staining is valuable to guide the initial therapy (eg. meningitis, pneumonia, and urethritis). Finally, close liaison between physicians and clinical microbiologists is mandatory for successful therapy.
 ...
PMID:Empiric therapy of common bacterial infections in Saudi Arabia; a review. 161 94

Selected clinical and laboratory parameters were studied respectively in patients with meningitis caused by enterococci and viridans streptococci in an academic children's hospital. During a nine-year period (1981-1989), enterococci or viridans streptococci were isolated from the cerobrospinal fluid (CSF) of 48 patients. In nine of these 48 patients, enterococci or viridans streptococci were the causative agents of meningitis. These nine children constituted 2.0% of 450 patients with bacterial meningitis in this period. All nine children suffered from underlying diseases; neurosurgical procedures were performed in six of these patients, of whom four had ventricular drains. A head trauma preceded the development of meningitis in another patient. Drainage of the lacrimal duct was associated with the development of meningitis in another patients. One child concurrently suffered from severe gastroenteritis. CSF leukocyte count and CSF protein levels were moderately elevated, whereas CSF glucose levels were either slightly decreased or within the normal range. Meningitis due to enterococci or viridans streptococci is seen predominantly in children under the age of one year. Predisposing factors, including neurosurgical procedures, head trauma and severe gastroenteritis, are usually present in these patients. The prognosis for recovery is generally good.
Infection
PMID:Childhood meningitis caused by enterococci and viridans streptococci. 164 84

The S gene of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) was inserted into the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) using the transfer plasmid pVL941. Infection of Sf9 insect cells with the recombinant virus resulted in the synthesis of a 175K polypeptide which was able to trimerize and was transported to the cell surface as is the authentic TGEV S protein. Despite the lack of complete carbohydrate processing, the recombinant S protein exhibited antigenic properties similar to TGEV S and induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies in immunized rats. Engineering a deletion (70 amino acids) into the carboxy-terminus containing the membrane anchor of the polypeptide allowed its secretion. The oligomerization process and the antigenic profile of the anchor-free S protein were shown to be partially altered.
 ...
PMID:Processing and antigenicity of entire and anchor-free spike glycoprotein S of coronavirus TGEV expressed by recombinant baculovirus. 166 Feb 1

Infection with small round structured viruses (SRSV) usually causes an acute, but short-lived, attack of gastroenteritis in which vomiting is a prominent feature. Most documented outbreaks have occurred in institutional and catering establishments and infected food handlers are often implicated. Reports of SRSV infection have risen substantially during the last decade partly due to an increase in the number of laboratories able to examine samples for this organism. Ascertainment is likely to remain low, however, until a sensitive, simple, reliable and economical method of detection becomes routinely available.
 ...
PMID:Infection with small round structured viruses: England and Wales 1981-1990. 166 58

The human parvovirus B19 agent causes infectious erythema (fifth disease). However, a wide range of other pathological manifestations may also be seen: atypical exanthema, ARD (also obstructive forms, e.g. bronchiolitis), acute gastroenteritis, chronic anemia or aplastic crises (in constitutional or malignant hematological diseases or immunological deficiency), arthralgia/arthritis (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, jcA), diseases of the central nervous systems (e.g. febrile convulsions in young children), lymphadenopathies (e.g. lymphadenitis mesenterialis or pseudoappendicitis); prenatal infection can lead to fetal death (not malformations!). Infection occurring concomitantly with vaccination may suggest complications of the latter. To clarify the true etiological situation, modern laboratory investigations are then required. Vaccination against parvovirus B19 (initially indicated in the case of non-immune girls and women wanting children) is a desirable future development.
 ...
PMID:[Human Parvovirus B19--really only fifth disease? Unusual disease course in children and adolescents]. 177 31

Twenty patients with peripheral arteritis due to an infectious disease were studied with the purpose to detect the etiological agent in the vessels belonging to ischemic areas; to establish the relationship between the onset and evolution of the ischemic lesions and the infectious disease; and to verify the appropriateness of the treatment with anticoagulants. Ten patients had meningococal disease with positive blood culture for Neisseria meningitidis. The meningococci were found in vessel walls of ischemic areas. The cutaneous lesions had sudden onset and a rapid evolution. Five patients had pneumonia or gastroenteritis. No microorganisms were detected in the vessel walls of the ischemic areas. The cutaneous necrotic lesions appeared from two to six days after the infectious disease was diagnosed. Therefore, heparinization was considered appropriate to block the extension of the disseminated intravascular coagulation secondary to the vasculitis. Three patients had, probably, post-streptococcal sensibilization arteritis and two post-measles arteritis. No etiological agent was identified in the vessel walls. The necrotic lesions of the extremities appeared from five to 21 days after the clinical course of the infection. The lesions had the complete evolution in a period from one to four days. It was considered appropriate to start the heparinization in the evolutive period of the peripheral lesions in an attempt to reduce the ischemia by the interruption of the intravascular coagulation related to the vasculitis. In heparinized patients in whom the necrotic lesions did not extend completely in the extremities, the evolution to irreversible gangrene and limb loss did not occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Arteritis dependent on infective process: the convenience of heparin use]. 184 98

Human adenoviruses are classified into 47 serotypes and six subgenera (A-F) with different tropisms. In recent years adenovirus type 40 (Ad40) and 41 (Ad41) of subgenus F have been shown to be causative agents in enteric infections, which is second in importance only to rotaviruses as a cause of infantile gastroenteritis. Infection with EAds occurs worldwide and has been associated with 4-17% of cases of diarrhoea in children. AD40 and Ad41 primarily affect young children less than 2 years of age and occur throughout the year. The clinical characteristics include watery diarrhoea accompanied by vomiting, low grade fever and mild dehydration. A distinct feature of EAds infection is the protracted diarrhoea (mean 8.6 and 12.2 days for Ad40 and Ad41, respectively). Respiratory symptoms are infrequent. Serotypes Ad40 and Ad41 differ from all other (established) adenoviruses by being unable to replicate in conventional cell cultures. These fastidious viruses only grow in selected cell lines, 293 cells being the most commonly used. In spite of the difficulty of isolating Ad40 and Ad41, they can be directly identified and typed by ELISA and solid-phase immune electron microscopy. The amount of viral DNA in stool specimens is sufficient for identification by DNA restriction and dot-blot assays. The recent development of highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody-based ELISAs enable accurate diagnosis of adenovirus gastroenteritis in routine work and make possible the evaluation of the role of the enteric adenoviruses in diarrhoeal disease in the developing countries.
 ...
PMID:Enteric adenoviruses. 196 27

Five hundred and ninety-four patients were consecutively admitted to an infectious disease unit over a 2-year period with a referral diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis or food poisoning. In 175 (29%) patients, gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with a condition other than gastrointestinal infection. Non-infective gastrointestinal disease was present in 90 patients, systemic infection in 50 and systemic disease in 35. Four illustrative case histories are presented to emphasize the need for a high index of suspicion if diseases such as malaria, septicaemia or appendicitis are not to be missed.
 ...
PMID:Acute gastroenteritis: the need to remember alternative diagnoses. 208 49

In 1983, the bovine-specific Salmonella Dublin was demonstrated in man in Denmark. The organism is frequently isolated from blood but rarely causes gastroenteritis. The frequency of infection following hip replacement is less than 2% with Staphylococcus aureus as the commonest agent while Gram-negative rods are rarer but are considered to be more serious. Infection around a hip replacement frequently implies that the prosthesis must be removed. A case in which a hip replacement was infected with Salmonella Dublin is described here. The patient had looked after infected calves until operation and it is presumed that the prosthesis was infected haematogenically, either primarily or later. The infection was controlled surgically without removal of the prosthesis which was stable. Even although the condition is satisfactory six months after revision, the long-term prognosis is poor.
 ...
PMID:[Total hip prosthesis infected with Salmonella dublin]. 230 73

Frail and vulnerable elderly patients, recognized primarily by the presence of such disabilities as immobility, incontinence, and dementia, are at particularly high risk for the development of infectious diseases, which are the leading cause of hospitalization in this population. The infectious diseases most often observed in the debilitated elderly are pneumonias, urinary tract infections, skin infections, and gastroenteritis, with fever a common manifestation. Some of the factors identified as contributing to their increased susceptibility include diminishing physiologic functioning; compromised host-defense mechanisms; increased incidence of mechanical risk factors, such as pressure ulcers, indwelling or condom catheters, feeding tubes, and soft tissue injuries; and comorbidities such as soft tissue or pulmonary edema. In addition to the common infecting pathogens found in the general population, these unique compromising factors increase the risk of elderly patients for aerobic gram-negative bacillary infection. Further increasing the therapeutic dilemma are ethical considerations involved in prolonging treatment that might be considered medical intervention beyond what is routine and necessary. Although the decision to treat must be made on an individual basis, studies have not always shown treatment to provide benefits in terms of quality of life. Once it is decided to treat, however, appropriate therapy is crucial. One of the most important considerations is renal function, which impacts on effectiveness, toxicity, and cost of therapy and is likely to be diminished in elderly patients. A non-nephrotoxic agent, such as aztreonam, may be a more appropriate therapeutic choice than an aminoglycoside antibiotic in this patient population.
 ...
PMID:Infections in frail and vulnerable elderly patients. 231 56


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>