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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cryptosporidial oocysts were identified by modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain in the stools of seven (3.2%) of 213 children with acute or chronic diarrhoea and one (0.9%) of 112 controls. All children with cryptosporidia were immunocompetent. Four of the index cases had a short illness (3-14 days) with watery diarrhoea, vomiting (2), and abdominal pain (2). Two index cases had chronic diarrhoea for over four months and failure to thrive. Both had a small intestinal enteropathy; one had cryptosporidial oocysts in stool specimens two months apart and the other had cryptosporidial schizonts attached to the jejunal mucosa. One index case had a colitis of indeterminate cause. Four of the index cases had recently travelled abroad. There had been an outbreak of gastroenteritis in the family of one of the index cases, and three affected sisters and an asymptomatic brother had oocysts in their stools. Cryptosporidial infestation seems to be associated with acute gastroenteritis and sometimes with chronic diarrhoea and small bowel damage in immunocompetent children.
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PMID:Cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent children. 403 4

Protracted diarrhea is a clinical entity characterized by diarrhea lasting greater than 2 weeks, starting before 3 months of age, with severe nutritional aggravation and negative stool culture for enteropathogens. This report deals with the ultrastructural abnormalities found in the intestinal mucosa of children with protracted diarrhea. Forty children (mean age 5.1 months) were studied. They were submitted to the following tests of intestinal function: D-xylose, triglyceride tolerance, small bowel biopsy (light and electron microscope), sigmoidoscopy, and sweat test. D-Xylose absorption and triglyceride tolerance test in these patients were both significantly lower than controls. Ultrastructural analysis of the small bowel of 12 patients showed various degrees of alterations, mainly shortening of the microvilli, increased number of multivesicular bodies, and vacuolation of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. These lesions were totally reversible after clinical and nutritional recovery as could be proven in two children. The most common cause of protracted diarrhea in these patients was secondary carbohydrate intolerance and dietary protein cow's milk and soy bean intolerance, which resulted in colitis or malabsorption as a consequence of intestinal mucosa injury due to acute gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Protracted diarrhea in infancy: clinical aspects and ultrastructural analysis of the small intestine. 404 29

The data presented indicate that the disturbing upward trend in infant mortality in North Carolina has been arrested and possibly reversed during the 1959 through 1963 period. Information obtained from death certificates indicates that infections accounted for slightly more than half (52.4%) of the postneonatal deaths occurring in the study periods. The most common type of infection was influenza and pneumonia, followed by gastroenteritis and colitis, infective and parasitic disease, meningitis, and acute respiratory infections, in that order of frequency. Infections were responsible for a greater percentage of the postneonatal deaths among nonwhite (58.5%) than amon white infants (40.7%). the postneonatal death rate from infections was 13.4 for nonwhite infants and 2.2 for white infants. The next most common cause of postneonatal mortality -- congenital malformations -- was relatively more important in the white race, being responsible for approximately 25% of white deaths and only 6% of nonwhite deaths. I11 defined and unknown causes ranked 3rd in importance, with postneonatal death rates of 3.0 for nonwhite and .4 for white infants. Accidents, wich ranked 4th, were responsible for approximately 10% of the postneonatal deaths in each race. In both races, the risk of postneonatal death was greater in infants born to younger mothers, partiuclarly those under age 20. For the infants of mothers under age 15, the postneonatal death rate was 3 times as high as for those of 20-24 year old mothers. Beginning with age 20, the risk of postneonatal mortality decreases gradually as maternal age increases up to 35 years, when it begins to rise again in the white race. In nonwhite races, the decline continoues to age 40. Infants born to young mothers of nonwhite races suffer relatively higher postneonatal mortality than do their white counterparts. The postneonatal mortality rate is lowest for 1st born infants of both races. Among nonwhites, it is highest for the 2nd born; in the white race, it rises with each successive birth, with the exception of the 5th. Postneonatal mortality among very small white infants (those weighing less thatn 1500 gm at birth) was some 7 times that of infants weighing more than 2500 gm; it was even higher in nonwhite races being nearly 2 1/2 times that of the white group and appoproximately 4 times higher than the rate for nonwhite infants weighing more than 2500 gm at birth. The risk of postneonatal death for nonwhite infants born illegitimately was 1 1/2 times as great for those born in wedlock. Among white infants, the risk was almost twice as great for those born out of wedlock.
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PMID:Postneonatal deaths in North Carolina, 1959-1963. 523 49

This article estimates the effects of personal, clinical, physician, and hospital characteristics in a simultaneous equations model of length of stay and ancillary services use for five narrowly defined medical and surgical conditions. These are tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, gastroenteritis and colitis, inguinal hernia, coronary heart disease, and cholelithiasis. The data are derived from a sample survey of medical and financial records of patients discharged from any of 63 New England short-term general hospitals during the period July 1, 1969 through June 30, 1970. The results confirm the importance of a simultaneous equations formulation of utilization analysis and of inclusion of detailed measures of severity. Length of stay and ancillary services are significantly interrelated for all five conditions, corroborating results of a previous study of obstetric cases. Results for patient's employment status and value of time, attending physician specialty and mode of practice, and hospital size, control, and nature of teaching activities were less conclusive, but suggest differential effects across diagnoses, thus emphasizing the importance of a diagnostic-specific approach to utilization analysis.
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PMID:Determinants of hospital use: a cross-diagnostic analysis. 640 83

The number of recognized infectious causes of diarrhea potentially treatable with specific antibiotics has markedly increased within the past ten years. Laboratories are developing and expanding their abilities to deal with these new pathogens. Neither prophylaxis nor specific treatment of diarrhea in travelers is simple, practical, and safe. Although enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is the most important cause of diarrhea in U.S. travelers to tropical areas, Campylobacter jejuni causes acute diarrhea in persons in the United States about as often as do Salmonella and Shigella. Vibrio parahemolyticus is an important cause of outbreaks of gastroenteritis following ingestion of improperly cooked shellfish; Bacillus cereus is important in outbreaks of diarrhea after ingestion of improperly cooked and stored rice in Chinese restaurants. Although Yersinia enterocolitica is probably an important cause of severe enteritis in the United States, imperfect techniques for its isolation and lack of good serologic tests have hampered recognition of its importance. Practical means for diagnosing antibiotic-associated colitis and the role of Clostridium difficile toxins in this disease are now available. Vancomycin, metronidazole, bacitracin, and cholestyramine are useful in treatment of antibiotic-associated colitis.
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PMID:Recent advances in management of bacterial diarrhea. 640 74

Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni is a recognized pathogen of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract resulting in a spectrum of illness from mild gastroenteritis to severe colitis with bloody diarrhea. Campylobacter is also being recognized as capable of producing systemic illness. Furthermore, antibody response, hypocomplementemia, and bacteremia with enterotoxic organisms have been described. Many of the clinical features, both local (le, in the GI tract) and systemic, parallel those of Shigella. Since the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) may be produced by the effect of endotoxins or the immunocomplex on vascular endothelium in susceptible patients, it is expected that this syndrome may follow Campylobacter enteritis as it does Shigella enteritis. We, therefore, believe Campylobacter jejuni enteritis should be considered as one of the causative agents capable of inducing the HUS.
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PMID:Hemolytic uremic syndrome after Campylobacter-induced diarrhea in an adult. 671 99

We describe a family in which two males and seven females have brown pigmentation of the skin. In the females, the type and distribution of the pigmentation mimicked incontinentia pigmenti; in the males, the pattern was reticulate. The histological appearance was the same in both sexes with amyloid deposits in the papillary dermis, melanin in the basal layer, and slight hyperkeratosis. The females were otherwise normal. Both males had thrived poorly as infants but had survived. One had severe gastroenteritis with blood in the stools starting at the age of three weeks followed by seizures, hemiplegia, and developmental delay; the other had recurrent pneumonia throughout life, a urethral stricture, inguinal herniae, and near-blindness from amyloid deposition in the cornea. Five other males in the family had had severe illnesses. Two died of pneumonia by three months. One died at three months from colitis. Both remaining boys had colitis as infants, failed to thrive, and developed recurrent pneumonia from which one died at three years. We think all of these relatives had the same disease carried by a single gene with pleiotropic effects. The most likely form of inheritance is X-linked.
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PMID:Familial cutaneous amyloidosis with systemic manifestations in males. 679 69

Five cases of Campylobacter fetus bacteremia are reported. This germ, found in blood cultures, induces high fever and is accompanied by either gastroenteritis with colitis or thrombophlebitis. Other, but much rarer septic sites are the meninges and endocardium. Patients already debilitated by chronic disease are more susceptible to bacteremia with Campylobacter fetus, which worsens the prognosis of the infection. Although non-debilitated patients can contract this infection, the prognosis here is more favourable. Antibiotic treatment is indicated in all cases. Campylobacter fetus bacteremias are rare and their pathogenesis still little understood. This "microaerophil" germ does not survive in air which makes culturing difficult under ordinary conditions. On the other hand, Campylobacter jejuni induces gastrocolitis with spontaneous recovery. It is found in feces and thrives in contaminated water and milk.
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PMID:[Campylobacter fetus bacteremia]. 683 51

Random fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration was measured in children with various gastrointestinal diseases and in normal subjects. One hundred fifteen subjects were evaluated: controls (39); chronic inflammatory bowel disease (20); chronic diarrhea (18); acute gastroenteritis (17); allergic gastroenteropathy (5); chronic pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (4); acute gastrointestinal bleeding (4); nonspecific colitis (4); celiac disease (3); and intestinal lymphangiectasia (1). Mean fecal-alpha-1-antitrypsin for the controls was 0.98 mg/g lyophilized stool. All children with celiac disease, allergic gastroenteropathy, lymphangiectasia, nonspecific colitis, acute gastrointestinal bleeding, and 19 of 20 patients with active chronic inflammatory bowel disease had fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin concentrations greater than 2.6 mg/g stool (mean of the controls + 2 SD). These disorders have all been previously documented to cause protein-losing enteropathy by 51Cr-labeled albumin excretion tests. The other study patients had normal fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin excretion when compared with controls. Serial fecal antitrypsin concentrations paralleled disease activity and clinical response to therapy. The results suggest that random fecal antitrypsin concentration is a valuable screening test for mucosal disorders associated with abnormal transmucosal serum protein loss.
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PMID:Random fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration in children with gastrointestinal disease. 697 Jul 2

Y. enterocolitica has been shown to be a fairly common human pathogen in many countries. The clinical picture produced by Y. enterocolitica infections is quite variable. An acute abdominal disease (acute gastroenteritis or colitis, or a pseudoappendicitis due to acute terminal ileitis) and, less commonly, erythema nodosum and arthritis are the most important manifestations of the disease. On radiologic examination mucosal lesions of the terminal ileum are found in most patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. The colon is less frequently involved. The most typical lesions consist of shallow, small, round ulcers characteristic of the disease. Microscopic examination may suggest yersiniosis but does not show pathogenic signs. Y. enterocolitica can be detected by stool cultures or by serologic examinations. The disease is usually mild. If specific therapy is indicated the disease usually responds well to antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Yersinia enteritis. 704 26


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