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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

11.7% of all cases with inability to work, 11.3% of all days with inability to work, and 13.6% of all dismissals from hospital of working people concern diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterological diseases occupy an anterior place in inability to work. The inability to work is essentially determined by 7 diagnoses--gastritis and duodenitis, cholelithiasis, gastroenteritis and colitis, cholecystitis and cholangitis, ulcus ventriculi and duodeni, acute appendicitis. They comprise 78% of the days of inability to work. The endoscopic diagnostics is further to be developed with the further improvement of the organisation of treatment, particularly the cooperation between outpatient department and hospital and the interdisciplinary work.
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PMID:[Inability to work in gastrointestinal diseases]. 53 9

The hemolytic-uremic syndrome consists of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, and thrombocytopenia following a prodromal illness of gastroenteritis or upper respiratory infection. The syndrome can present in dramatic fashion with severe abdominal pain and signs of peritonitis suggesting an acute surgical crisis. In a series of 25 patients, 40% had abdominal pain, 25% had abdominal tenderness, and 20% had peritoneal signs. Clues to diagnosis in the early stages of the acute illness were mild to moderate hypertension, abnormal peripheral blood smear, anemia despite dehydration, and proteinuria. Significant abdominal pain and x-ray evidence of colitis may occur before development of typical laboratory findings, and these were evident in at least one case. Three patients underwent laparotomy for suspected bowel perforation. Colitis without perforation was found in all cases. In the absence of documented perforation, toxic megacolon, or intussusception, the decision to perform laparotomy in patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome who have signs of peritonitis must be individualized. Failure to recognize the underlying renal problem can lead to serious errors in fluid and electrolyte management and delay of appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Hemolytic-uremic syndrome: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for the surgeon. 73 58

A patient in whom Salmonella typhimurium infection caused a localised colitis is described. Colitis has been demonstrated in experimental animals infected with S. typhimurium and noted at post mortem in patients dying from S. typhimurium infection. However colitis is an infrequently recognised feature of this infection in man, the usual diagnosis being one of gastroenteritis. There have been four other cases reported with radiological evidence of colonic involvement due to salmonella infection. Colitis probably occurs more frequently than is usually recognised in this condition and must be distinguished from ulcerative colitis.
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PMID:Salmonella typhimurium colitis. 79 82

During a three-year period (1987 & 1990), a comprehensive attempt was made to isolate verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) from 96 bovine, 89 porcine, 67 canine and 18 feline cases suffering from gastroenteritis. VTEC were isolated from 11 cows and 1 cat. Bead-ELISA and oligonucteotide probes were used to type the verotoxins (VT) and it was found that the VTEC strains from cows produced not only the currently recognized VT1, VT2 and VT2vh but also produced two new VT's tentatively designated as VTx and VTy. The strain from the cat produced VTy. Serotyping of the strains revealed that some animal strains belonged to similar serotypes as those isolated from human patients with hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Cattle, especially cows, and domestic pets apparently are reservoirs of VTEC and probable sources of infection in our country as has been previously documented in Canada and USA.
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PMID:[Isolation of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli from cattle and pets]. 162 37

Twenty-two biopsy specimens of colon mucosa were obtained from 16 patients with gastrointestinal campylobacteriosis histologically, histochemically and morphometrically. At the height of the disease colon mucosa of these patients showed a morphological picture of acute hemorrhagic and erosive--hemorrhagic colitis. When compared with such for other intestinal infections (shigellosis, salmonellosis, rotaviral gastroenteritis), the morphological features appeared to vary permitting a differential diagnosis with acute colitis due to above infections, but objective criteria to differentiate campylobacter-induced colitis from colitis in aggravation of nonspecific ulcerative one and Crohn's disease still remains to be found.
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PMID:[Morphological and morphometric characteristics of the large-intestinal mucosa in Campylobacter infections]. 172 8

Two cases of colitis due to Salmonella enteriditis which later developed a toxic megacolon with intestinal perforation are presented and the probable pathogenesis is discussed. This exceptional clinical course which has not been previously described forces to perform a differential diagnosis with chronic intestinal inflammatory disease which must be based on microbiologic, serologic and/or histologic criteria. Moreover, the authors warn about the unsuitability of using anticholigernic drugs in gastroenteritis since they could be related to the ethiopathogenical basis of the disease's unfavorable course in the described patients.
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PMID:[Toxic megacolon and intestinal perforation caused by Salmonella enteritidis]. 220 19

The response to dietary treatment of patients with chronic post-infectious diarrhea and lactose intolerance was prospectively studied in 29 infants less than 1 year of age. All had gastroenteritis with diarrhea which persisted for more than 3 weeks. In the hospital, diarrhea continued and lactose intolerance was documented while being fed half-strength cow's milk formula. They were given dietary treatment with one of three formulas used for treatment of diarrhea in infancy. Improvement of diarrhea was more frequently achieved with Pregestimil when given as the initial therapy than with the other two formulas. With Pregestimil nine of 10 patients improved whereas only four of nine infants fed Portagen and one of 10 patients initially treated with soy formula improved. Pregestimil was also effective in three of five patients who initially failed to improve with Portagen and in four of eight patients tried with soy formula with or without carbohydrate. Additionally, in the patients who improved, recovery was more rapidly achieved with Pregestimil than with the other two formulas. Formula failures were due to intolerance to glucose polymers in three patients, possibly to protein in seven infants, and an intolerance to all nutrients in five patients. The improvement of the diarrhea was slower in patients who had evidence of colitis in rectal biopsies regardless of the dietary treatment given, but was not correlated with other variables, i.e., etiology of diarrhea, jejunal histology, or duration of diarrhea prior to treatment. However, as a group, the patients who failed to respond to Pregestimil were younger (less than 3 months of age), had more formula changes and associated infections, and were given more antibiotics; they also had more prolonged diarrhea before treatment and more severe jejunal mucosal lesions and jejunal bacterial overgrowth. The data suggests that Pregestimil seems to be the most effective formula for the treatment of infants with chronic post-infectious diarrhea and lactose intolerance.
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PMID:The response to dietary treatment of patients with chronic post-infectious diarrhea and lactose intolerance. 235 19

The etiology of the protracted diarrhea is ill-defined, but in the underdeveloped countries acute gastroenteritis might be the most common triggering factor, especially due to certain enteropathogenic bacteria, such as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Salmonella. We investigated the role of these agents in the genesis of protracted diarrhea in 29 infants with a mean age of 4.6 months. The patients underwent the following tests: stool culture, culture of the jejunal secretion, and small bowel and rectal biopsies. The stool culture was positive for some enteropathogenic bacteria in 17 (58.6%) patients: EPEC serotypes 0126, 0125, 055, 026, 0111, 0127, 0114, 0158, and 0119 and Salmonella were identified. The jejunal secretion culture revealed bacterial proliferation in 15 (51.7%) patients, and the following bacteria were isolated: EPEC 0142, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, EPEC 0114, Pseudomonas, EPEC 0111, Salmonella, and EPEC 0119. The small bowel biopsy showed subtotal villous atrophy in 13 (44.8%) patients, and the rectal biopsy revealed colitis in 13 (44.8%) patients. These findings stress the importance of those enteropathogenic bacteria in the genesis of protracted diarrhea in underdeveloped countries mainly due to food intolerance leading to aggravation of the nutritional status.
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PMID:Protracted diarrhea: the importance of the enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains and Salmonella in its genesis. 265 34

Linked hospital admission data for 1968-1983 were used to identify 723 children aged 16 years or less at the time of first admission to any Scottish hospital with an ICD coded diagnosis of Crohn's disease (282) or ulcerative colitis (441). The accuracy of the coded diagnoses was checked by examination of the hospital notes of 144 patients. The coded diagnosis was incorrect in 11/83 coded as Crohn's disease and 13/61 as ulcerative colitis; frequency of incorrect coding did not change significantly with time. Despite an 18% fall in the population aged less than or equal to 16 during this time, the number of new cases of Crohn's disease rose from 10 in 1968 to 28 in 1983. Thus the recorded incidence of Crohn's disease in Scottish children has risen more than three-fold in 16 years, from 6.6 to 22.9 per million (p less than 0.0001), with no difference between the sexes. Parallel data for ulcerative colitis were rendered inaccurate by miscoding of infective gastroenteritis as colitis. In an attempt to reduce this source of error cases aged five years and under were excluded from analysis, resulting in an incidence of 19.1 cases per million aged six to 16 in 1968 and 15.6 in 1983, not a significant change (r = 0.42, p = 0.052). When males and females were analysed separately, however, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of UC in male children (r = -0.4, p = 0.028), with no change for female children (r = 0.1, p = 0.595).
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PMID:Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Scottish children between 1968 and 1983; marginal fall in ulcerative colitis, three-fold rise in Crohn's disease. 278 88

The pathology of the alimentary tracts of nine patients dying of Salmonella typhimurium infection is reviewed. Two patients had previous gastric operations, supporting previous reports that such patients are more susceptible to food poisoning. Four had no parietal (oxyntic) cells in the gastric mucosa, suggesting hypo- or anacidity. Only one had acute gastritis. None had acute enteritis, but in half of the patients, subtle histological changes suggested an 'enteropathy'. Acute diffuse colitis with abundant crypt abscesses, without stromal abscesses in the lamina propria, was the most constant finding and reparative features started very early, and occurred in later deaths. Under ideal circumstances this crypt abscess is readily distinguished from that of idiopathic ulcerative colitis, but can be confused with the crypt abscess of acute bacillary (sonne) dysentery. While the florid colonic changes may have settled in the late deaths, active inflammation is commonly present in the appendix mucosa on histology. The pathology of the alimentary tract in S typhimurium infection differs from that of S typhi and S paratyphi infections. There is little evidence of gastroenteritis, although subtle changes occur in the stomach and small intestine. The features are those of acute diffuse colitis with histological appendicitis, distinguishable from idiopathic ulcerative colitis.
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PMID:Pathology of the alimentary tract in Salmonella typhimurium food poisoning. 389 61


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