Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of genital actinomyces infection and possible routes of transmission in IUD users were analyzed in a high-risk population of predominantly indigent Mexican-American family planning clients. The Papanicolaou (Pap) smears of 12 (9%) of the 134 IUD users cultured were positive for actinomyces-like organisms. The IUD involved was the Lippes Loop in 7 cases, the Cu 7 in 2 women, the Dalkon Shield in another 2 cases, and the Saf-T-Coil in the final case. The duration of IUD use ranged from 1-10 years, with a mean of 6 years. Oral-genital sexual contact was the sexual preference in 3/4 of the women with actinomyces infection compared with under 2/3 of the general clinic population. Most of the women with actinomyces-like organisms had a concomitant condition, including gastroenteritis, cholecystitis, scabies, schizophrenia, drug abuse, anemia, herpes genitalis, venereal disease, and urinary tract infection. All of these women complained of vaginal discharge with pelvic pain during their initial visits. Eikenella corrodens was recovered in 1 of these cases and had an overall prevalence of 0.17% in the clinic population. Eikenella corrodens is found in the mouth, on dental plaques, and is not yet recognized as a normal inhabitant of the vagina or gastrointestinal tract. Oral-genital contact appears to be the mode of transmission of both actinomyces and Eikenella corrodens.
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PMID:IUDs and actinomyces. 1228 Aug 26

Azathioprine is commonly prescribed for autoimmune hepatitis and inflammatory bowel disease. An acute gastroenteritis-like syndrome has been ascribed to azathioprine use, but chronic diarrhea has not. We report a patient with autoimmune hepatitis who developed severe small-bowel villus atrophy and chronic diarrhea after azathioprine was initiated (50 mg/day). We present a case report of a patient followed up prospectively. Duodenal mucosal histology and expression of brush border enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV and peptide transporter PepT1 messenger RNA levels were determined before and after azathioprine discontinuation. Chronic diarrhea developed several weeks after the initiation of azathioprine and resulted in micronutrient depletion and severe protein-calorie malnutrition, which was unresponsive to oral pancreatic enzyme therapy or a gluten-free diet. Severe malabsorption required parenteral nutrition support for longer than 1.5 years; this was complicated by unstable blood glucose control, acute calculous cholecystitis, catheter sepsis, and severe venous thrombosis. When the temporal association between azathioprine and diarrhea was identified, the drug was tapered while the patient consumed an unrestricted diet. Within 2 weeks after azathioprine was discontinued, diarrhea had completely resolved, and parenteral nutrition was discontinued. Mucosal biopsies obtained before and 4 months after azathioprine discontinuation showed complete reversal of severe duodenal villus atrophy and marked up-regulation of mucosal dipeptidyl peptidase IV and PepT1 messenger RNA. The patient has subsequently maintained normal liver function tests on low-dose prednisone alone, with normal stools and stable nutritional status for longer than 4 years. Azathioprine can induce severe small-bowel villus atrophy, diarrhea, and malabsorption that is reversible with drug discontinuation.
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PMID:Severe villus atrophy and chronic malabsorption induced by azathioprine. 1280 28

We present the case of a woman with diabetes mellitus who developed symptoms and signs consistent with gastroenteritis. After admission for hydration, the patient rapidly became critically ill and an abdominal catastrophe was suspected as the cause of her deterioration. Computed tomography of her abdomen was done and revealed gas in the lumen of the gallbladder consistent with emphysematous cholecystitis. She underwent emergent cholecystectomy, which revealed that the gallbladder had already ruptured. Blood cultures grew Salmonella derby. After a prolonged hospitalisation she eventually recovered and was discharged home. Emphysematous cholecystitis, thought to be a variant of acute cholecystitis, is a medical and surgical emergency. Diagnosis relies heavily on imaging findings by ultrasound or computed tomography since the clinical presentation is often non-specific. Cholecystectomy remains the treatment of choice in addition to broad spectrum antibiotics and other supportive measures.
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PMID:Emphysematous cholecystitis due to Salmonella derby. 1643 32

Edwardsiella tarda, a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, is a Gram-negative bacillus that is most often pathogenic in aquatic environments. Human infections with Edwardsiella are rare, with most occurring in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed hosts. Reported infections include meningitis, cholecystitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, soft tissue infections, bacteremia and septicemia, dysentery, and gastroenteritis. This report describes a case of E. tarda gastroenteritis in a renal transplant patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment options pertaining to E. tarda infections are examined.
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PMID:Gastroenteritis caused by Edwardsiella tarda in a pediatric renal transplant recipient. 1808 38

Edwardsiella tarda, a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae found in aquatic environments, is an unusual cause of human disease, presenting most frequently as gastroenteritis. Extraintestinal manifestations of E. tarda infection are rare but have included meningitis, cholecystitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, soft tissue infections, bacteremia, and septicemia. Over a 10-year period at our institution, 10 cases of extraintestinal infection related to E. tarda were identified. The infections ranged from soft tissue infections secondary to trauma to intra-abdominal infections with abscess formation. Several of the patients had documented factors predisposing them to infection including diabetes mellitus and C1 esterase deficiency. Interestingly, two of the patients had chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, and one patient developed a respiratory tract infection related to E. tarda, a previously unreported clinical manifestion. Although the mortality rate for extraintestinal E. tarda infections has been as high as 50% in some studies, antimicrobial treatment was eventually successful in each of the 10 cases at our institution.
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PMID:Extraintestinal manifestations of Edwardsiella tarda infection: a 10-year retrospective review. 1948 91

Campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of gastroenteritis especially in childhood. However, extraintestinal manifestations of C. jejuni such as bacteremia, cholecystitis, pancreatitis and osteomyelitis are rare. Meningitis in newborns caused by this organism is unusually rare. We report a case of neonatal meningitis in a 15-day old term boy caused by Campylobacter jejuni.
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PMID:Campylobacter jejuni meningitis in a neonate: a rare case report. 2424 22

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, although rare, is usually a third trimester of pregnancy occurrence that may be life threatening for both the pregnant woman and the fetus. Often, the onset resembles gastroenteritis or cholecystitis and correct diagnosis is delayed. Because it can also present with preeclampsia and eclampsia, it may be mistakenly diagnosed as hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet syndrome. This article presents diagnostic differences between liver conditions that can complicate pregnancy and management strategies for treating and maintaining the well-being of pregnant women, fetuses, and infants who are affected by acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Early recognition and rapid intervention from antepartum diagnosis through delivery and the postpartum period are required by the nursing team and medical providers to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Caring for the woman with acute fatty liver of pregnancy. 2563 98

Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is the most common cause of sudden unexpected death related to aortic diseases. A retrospective study of 31 sudden unexpected deaths caused by AAD was conducted at Xi'an Jiaotong University Forensic Center from 2001 to 2012. We summarized the forensic characteristics of AAD and assessed the clinically diagnostic accuracy of AAD. The characteristics of sudden unexpected death due to AAD were male predominant (male: female=6.7:1), relatively young with the mean age of 44, and predominance of type A dissection (77.4%). Cardiac tamponade was the most frequent cause of sudden death (87.1%). Of the 31 cases, 26 (83.9%) patients were not recognized clinically and were misdiagnosed with acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, cholecystitis, acute gastroenteritis, renal/urinary lithiasis, or acute pancreatitis. In summary, AAD can be difficult to recognize, diagnosis is therefore sometimes delayed or missed. The medicolegal death investigation can help physicians have a better understanding of AAD.
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PMID:Aortic Dissection and Sudden Unexpected Deaths: A Retrospective Study of 31 Forensic Autopsy Cases. 2577 39

Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is an aerobic, motile, intracellular gram-positive bacterium. Most invasive systemic infections caused by LM are commonly seen in patients at both extremes of age, during pregnancy or in immunocompromised hosts. Common clinical manifestations of LM infection in immunocompromised adults are bacteremia, infections of central nervous system, such as meningitis, and self-limiting febrile gastroenteritis. Focal infections of listeria are rare, especially cholecystitis, with only few cases reported in the last 33 years. A 62-year-old man presented with multiple myeloma, cholecystitis and LM bacteremia. Due to prompt surgical treatment and antibiotics (amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid and gentamycin), this high-risk patient recovered without any complications.
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PMID:A rare case of listeriosis, acute cholecystitis and multiple myeloma. 2717 Jul 3

Acute abdominal pain accounts for approximately 9% of childhood primary care office visits. Symptoms and signs that increase the likelihood of a surgical cause for pain include fever, bilious vomiting, bloody diarrhea, absent bowel sounds, voluntary guarding, rigidity, and rebound tenderness. The age of the child can help focus the differential diagnosis. In infants and toddlers, clinicians should consider congenital anomalies and other causes, including malrotation, hernias, Meckel diverticulum, or intussusception. In school-aged children, constipation and infectious causes of pain, such as gastroenteritis, colitis, respiratory infections, and urinary tract infections, are more common. In female adolescents, clinicians should consider pelvic inflammatory disease, pregnancy, ruptured ovarian cysts, or ovarian torsion. Initial laboratory tests include complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein, urinalysis, and a pregnancy test. Abdominal radiography can be used to diagnose constipation or obstruction. Ultrasonography is the initial choice in children for the diagnosis of cholecystitis, pancreatitis, ovarian cyst, ovarian or testicular torsion, pelvic inflammatory disease, pregnancy-related pathology, and appendicitis. Appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdominal pain requiring surgery, with a peak incidence during adolescence. When the appendix is not clearly visible on ultrasonography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging can be used to confirm the diagnosis.
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PMID:Acute Abdominal Pain in Children. 2717 18


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