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Query: UMLS:C0017160 (gastroenteritis)
 11,398 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastroenteritis due to Salmonella enteritis is an endemic disease in our region, extraintestinal manifestations however are rare. We report a 8 years old girl who presented after 4 days of an unspecific diarrheal disease with watery liquid stools, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fever above 39 Grad C and symptoms and signs of an acute abdominal emergency. Mid abdominal laparotomy disclosed a cholecystitis with reactive peritonitis. Cultures of bile showed Salmonella group B as the causative organism. Cholecystectomy was performed, postoperatively Gentamycin later Chloramphenicol was administered. The postoperative course was unremarkable. Cholecystitis is a rare disease in pediatrics. Gallstones don't seem to play a roll in the etiology unlike in adults. It usually follow serious systemic infections or postoperatively after unrelated abdominal surgery due to overgrowth of the biliary system and organisms contaminating the upper gastrointestinal tract (biliary stasis, dehydration). Salmonella enteritidis as a cause of a cholecystitis is a rare event.
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PMID:[Salmonella-cholecystitis (author's transl)]. 53 Jul 33

11.7% of all cases with inability to work, 11.3% of all days with inability to work, and 13.6% of all dismissals from hospital of working people concern diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterological diseases occupy an anterior place in inability to work. The inability to work is essentially determined by 7 diagnoses--gastritis and duodenitis, cholelithiasis, gastroenteritis and colitis, cholecystitis and cholangitis, ulcus ventriculi and duodeni, acute appendicitis. They comprise 78% of the days of inability to work. The endoscopic diagnostics is further to be developed with the further improvement of the organisation of treatment, particularly the cooperation between outpatient department and hospital and the interdisciplinary work.
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PMID:[Inability to work in gastrointestinal diseases]. 53 9

The common infective conditions encountered at King Khalid Teaching Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were described. These data were collected mostly during a period of 8 years between 1981 to 1988. These infections included brucellosis, cholecystitis, conjunctivitis, enteric fever, gastroenteritis, infective endocarditis, meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, septicaemia, sorethroat, treponemal infections, urethritis, urinary tract infections, and vaginitis. A scheme for empiric chemotherapy has been suggested for these infections based on the sensitivity results obtained mostly from the microbiology laboratory at Teaching Hospital, Riyadh. This scheme of empiric therapy is offered as a guide only. It does not cover all possibilities and is not intended as a rigid dogma. Empiric therapy has also been suggested for some other infective conditions where sufficient data were not available from the Teaching Hospital. Empiric therapy should be started after relevant specimens are collected. Culture and sensitivity tests are invaluable in the management of patients with infectious diseases. As soon as sensitivities of the infecting organisms' are known, treatment should be adjusted accordingly. In some cases, Gram-staining is valuable to guide the initial therapy (eg. meningitis, pneumonia, and urethritis). Finally, close liaison between physicians and clinical microbiologists is mandatory for successful therapy.
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PMID:Empiric therapy of common bacterial infections in Saudi Arabia; a review. 161 94

A review was made of the histories of 125 adult patients admitted for acute gastroenteritis (GEA) due to Salmonella no typhi. The complications that appeared in the series are analyzed. A total of 16 patients (12.8%) presented complications: the most common was bacteremia, 3 had renal tubular necrosis, 2 alithiasic cholecystitis that required surgery, 2 toxic megacolon, 2 rectal hemorrhage, 1 erythema nodosum and 1 intestinal perforation. The authors review the features of each complication.
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PMID:[Complications of acute gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella no typhi]. 266 Feb 5

Many patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and abdominal pain are evaluated by the surgeon, and the majority have gastroenteritis, which can be treated with specific antimicrobials. There are some, however, who need more extensive investigation or who have an intra-abdominal infective process that requires surgical treatment. The one and a half decades of experience with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS has defined the role of the surgeon in treating patients with HIV. Major infective processes that may require surgical involvement include cytomegalovirus infection of the intestinal tract; appendicitis, which may be due to opportunistic infections; spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; cholecystitis; and obstructive jaundice with underlying sclerosis of the biliary tree. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment are critical in the management of HIV-infected patients. For example, cytomegalovirus affecting the gastrointestinal tract may lead to perforation with the development of generalized fecal peritonitis; the clinical presentation of acute appendicitis in HIV patients may not include the usual rise in white blood cell count; and bacterial peritonitis in patients with AIDS may be caused by opportunistic pathogens or, as in the classical case, a single gram-negative bacillus or pneumococcus. This review article focuses on intra-abdominal infections in patients with HIV and AIDS.
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PMID:Surgical infections in AIDS patients. 775 66

Seventy-nine gastrointestinal complications in 480 recipients of a renal transplant (RT) (16%) are described. The most frequent complication was high digestive haemorrhage (HDH) (19/480) (2.9%); other complications were: esophagitis, gastroenteritis, diverticulitis, cholecystitis, intestinal tuberculosis, rectal ulcer and colonic polyps. Mortality secondary to gastrointestinal complications was 1.1%. Sixty-seven percent of cases with peptic ulcer developed HDH, an incidence higher than that observed in the general population (20%). Twenty-one percent of transplanted patients with DH had ulcer background. Cholecystitis and diverticulitis were complications with a low incidence (0.2% and 0.6%, respectively) which do not seem to justify aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic manoeuvres prior to the transplant. Prevalence of intestinal tuberculosis in this series (0.4%) was higher to that described in the literature.
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PMID:[Gastrointestinal complications in renal transplantation]. 797 13

The role of the genus Edwardsiella in human illness is reviewed. Of the three recognized species, only Edwardsiella tarda has been demonstrated to be pathogenic for humans. Chief infections associated with this species include bacterial gastroenteritis, wound infections such as cellulitis or gas gangrene associated with trauma to mucosal surfaces, and systemic disease such as septicemia, meningitis, cholecystitis, and osteomyelitis. Risk factors that are associated with E. tarda infections include exposure to aquatic environments or exotic animals (e.g., reptiles or amphibia), preexisting liver disease, conditions leading to iron overload, and dietary habits (e.g., raw fish ingestion). Although studies indicate that this bacterium is susceptible to most commonly prescribed antibiotics, fatal gastrointestinal and extraintestinal infections have been described.
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PMID:Infections associated with the genus Edwardsiella: the role of Edwardsiella tarda in human disease. 826 59

Plesiomonas shigelloides, a member of the family Vibrionaceae, is a Gram negative rod associated with several gastroenteritis outbreaks, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. In same way, it has been related to some septicemia, meningitis and cholecystitis cases. The microorganism is normally found in water, fish and birds. The aim of this work was to study the incidence of Plesiomonas shigelloides in tetrahybrids of Oreochromis sp. (Pink Tilapia) located at the central region of Venezuela. Once the samples were homogenized, the techniques of enrichment and direct streaking were used simultaneously for the isolation of the microorganism. A high incidence of P. shigelloides was determined (73%), being higher in the intestinal tract (60%), followed by the skin (36.7%) and the gills (26.67%), without any correlation among them. In the fish pond, the microorganism isolation frequency was 41.67%. The direct streaking technique presented the highest isolation values in the different Tilapia tissues (60%) and in the water as well (41.60%). No significant differences were observed on the effectivity of the selective agars used for the isolation of P. shigelloides (Plesiomonas Agar and Inositol-Brilliant Green-Bile Salts Agar). A positive correlation was observed between the microorganism incidence and the pluviosity levels. A high incidence of E. coli was observed in the samples of Tilapia tissues and the water pond. No correlation was observed between incidence of P. shigelloides and E. coli. Due to the high prevalence of P. shigelloides found in the present study, it is important to assure a proper evisceration, washing and storage at temperatures lower than 8 degrees C, and a proper product cooking to diminish the customeris risk.
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PMID:[Incidence of Plesiomonas shigelloides in tilapia tetrahibrids (Oreochromis sp.)]. 1041 9

A case is presented of a 34-year-old man with a 10-year history of HIV infection (CD4 counts 750-1100/mm3) who initially presented with upper right quadrant pain that was crampy, achy and periumbilical, not affected by food, and was indicative of early-stage acalculous cholecystitis. Over a three month period, tests failed to identify the cause of his pain. It was first labeled gastroenteritis and then irritable bowel syndrome. By the third month, his pain was mostly in the right upper quadrant. This area was sore when touched and worse after ingestion of fatty foods. A test detected elevated transaminases. It appeared that he had acalculous cholecystitis, which is one of several hepatobiliary complications of HIV. In HIV-infected individuals, acalculous cholecystitis is often an infectious disease of the biliary tract. Patients present with right upper quadrant and/or epigastric pain that is worse after fatty meals. Eventually, sonographs can detect a thickening of the gall bladder wall and dilation of the hepatic ducts, but early in the disease it is unlikely that the test result will be abnormal. The condition is often caused by CMV and cryptosporidium, but other pathogens may also cause acalculous cholecystitis. Perforation of the gall bladder and development of potentially irreversible abnormalities which complicate infection may result if the condition is left untreated. Although frequently connected with infectious diseases, cholecystitis may also occur in patients with high CD4 counts and no other HIV-related conditions.
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PMID:Abdominal pain in an HIV-infected man. 1136 36

A prospective study of 62 chemotherapy-induced neutropenic episodes in patients with acute leukaemia was conducted to determine the incidence and causes of abdominal infections, and to assess the diagnostic value of the combined use of ultrasonography (US) and microbiology. Each patient underwent US of liver, gallbladder and complete bowel before chemotherapy, on days 2-4 after the end of chemotherapy and in cases of fever, diarrhoea or abdominal pain. US was combined with a standardized clinical examination and a broad spectrum of microbiological investigations. From January to August 2001, 243 US examinations were performed. The overall incidence of abdominal infectious diseases was 17.7% (11 out of 62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9-29%). Four patients (6.5%) developed neutropenic enterocolitis; two of them died, two survived. Bowel wall thickening (BWT) > 4 mm in these four patients ranged from 5.8 to 23.6 mm and was detected only in one patient with mucositis. In three other patients (4.8%) Clostridium difficile, and in one patient (1.6%) Campylobacter jejuni, caused enterocolitis without BWT. Cholecystitis was diagnosed in three patients (4.8%) and hepatic candidiasis was strongly suspected in one patient. Abdominal infections caused by gastroenteritis viruses, cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Cryptosporidium were not observed. We conclude that in neutropenic patients with acute leukaemia receiving chemotherapy: (i) BWT is not a feature of chemotherapy-induced mucositis and should therefore be considered as sign of infectious enterocolitis; (ii) viruses, classic bacterial enteric pathogens (Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Campylobacter, Aeromonas, Vibrio subsp., enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli) and Cryptosporidium have a very low incidence; and (iii) abdominal infections may be underestimated when US is not used in every patient with abdominal pain.
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PMID:Abdominal infections in patients with acute leukaemia: a prospective study applying ultrasonography and microbiology. 1197 17


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